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诸如此类

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诸如此类 第一篇_2016年闵行区初三二模语文试题(附答案)

2016年闵行区初三二模语文试题

(满分150分,考试时间100分钟)

考生注意:

1.本试卷共26题。

2.请将所有答案做在答题纸的指定位置上,做在试卷上一律不计分。

一、文言文(40分)

(一)默写(15分)

1、雨前初见花间蕊, 。 《雨晴》

2、可怜身上衣正单, 。 《卖炭翁》

3、 ,小桥流水人家,„„ 《天净沙·秋思》

4、学而不思则罔, 。 《孔孟论学》

5、 ,皓月千里,„„ 《岳阳楼记》

(二)阅读下面两首诗,完成第6-7题(4分)

【甲】山居秋暝

空山新雨后,天气晚来秋。明月松间照,清泉石上流。

竹喧归浣女,莲动下渔舟。随意春芳歇,王孙自可留。

【乙】题破山寺后禅院

清晨入古寺,初日照高林。竹径通幽处,禅房花木深。

山光悦鸟性,潭影空人心。万籁此俱寂,但余钟磬音。

6、 《山居秋暝》的作者是 。从诗歌形式上分,上面两首诗属于近体诗中的 (2 分)

7、下列说法有误的一项是( )(2分)

A.两首诗作为山水田园诗,都描写了清新、宁静的优美图景。

B.两首诗都反映诗人寄情山水、追求清静隐逸生活的理想。

C.两首诗中的“空”字都隐隐地表达出诗人内心的孤寂之感。

D.情感表达上,甲诗在尾联直抒胸臆,乙诗则显得更为含蓄。

(三)阅读下文,完成第8—9题(9分)

桃花源记(节选)

见渔人,乃大惊,问所从来,具答之。便要还家,设酒杀鸡作食。村中闻有此人,咸来问讯。自云先世避秦时乱,率妻子邑人来此绝境,不复出焉,遂与外人间隔。问今是何世,乃不知有汉,无论魏晋。此人一一为具言所闻,皆叹惋。余人各复延至其家,皆出酒食。停数日,辞去,此中人语云:“不足为外人道也。”

既出,得其船,便扶向路,处处志之。及郡下,诣太守,说如此。太守即遣人随其往,寻向所志,遂迷,不复得路。

南阳刘子骥,高尚士也。闻之,欣然规往。未果,寻病终。后遂无问津者。

8、请按要求完成下面的基础积累表。(6分)

9、下列对选文的分析,有误的一项是( )〔3分〕 A.选文表现出桃花源中人热情好客的淳朴风尚与和睦相处的人际关系。

B太守“即造人”寻桃花源“遂迷”,表现了桃花源人厌恶战争的态度。

C.“不足为外人道”表现了桃花源人不愿让别人来扰乱他们的平静生活。

D.借助南阳刘子骥这一真实人物,增添文章真实感,使读者为之神往。

(四)阅读下文,完成第10—13题(12分)

1韩湟,字太冲,节制三吴,所辟○宾佐,随其才器,用之悉当。有故人子投之,更无他

长。尝召之与宴,毕席端坐,不与比座交言。公署以随军,令监库门,此人每早入帷,端坐至夕,吏卒无敢滥出入者。

①注:辟,征召。

10、解释下列句中加点的词〈4分)

(1)有故人子投之( ) (2)此人每早入帷( ) ..11、用现代汉语翻译下面句子〔3分)

毕席端坐,不与比座交言。

12、“吏卒无敢滥出入”的原因是 (用原文语句冋答)〔2分)

13、根据文章内容,韩湟具有 的性格特征。〔3分)

二、现代文(40分)

(一)阅读下文,完成第14一 18题(19分)

美丽的禁忌【诸如此类】

^^成之后。植物有灵的说法,先 ③我客居山东济宁时,窗外有条古槐路,街心有铁栏,护着一株数百岁的嶙峋老槐。每天清早,枝丫上都会新添一缕缕的红绸布,皆是夜里缠上的,用意不外乎祈福驱灾。这条路扩了许多回,树也从路边到了中央,可谁也不敢去伤它。 ,为让老树享怡孙之乐,整条路全补种了新槐。 往地位显赫、待遇优厚,一打听,保准跳出一大堆灵异故事。 ⑤相对于北方,南方乡民对树的感情和构思更丰富些,除“树精”“树怪”这些非凡个体,还把范围扩大到了族群:“风水林”。 ⑥广东鹤山雅瑶镇昆东村后的小冈上有一片“风水林”,相传是从南洋带回的种子。 该树叫格木,为亚热带珍贵树种,其大龄者已逾200岁,上世纪60年代,某造船厂许以两台拖拉机换这片木材,被村民一口拒绝。且不说经济实惠,在那个高音喇叭天天喊这喊那的年代,敢拒绝尔等要求,足见“风水林”在百姓心目中的威望了。“风水林”,“青山绿水”的比例和稳定性大大提高了。从单株神树到成片的“风水林”,人的敬畏范围和禁忌力都在放大,受惠面积和获益程度也在增长。

⑦较之汉族社会,少数民族的树神崇拜,情感上更天真,纪律上更严格,行动上更彻底。贵州的苗、侗两族,自古崇拜草木,在族人眼里,树等于神灵和福祉。每年春天,族人都要过“树秧节”,人人种苗造林,连未婚男女的信物也是一棵树苗。还有个风俗: 谁家婴儿降生,全寨老小要齐力替之栽种100棵杉苗。

⑧西双版纳,乃中国热带雨林最完整、面积最大之地,为什么呢?并非偏僻荒凉,而

因这儿的居民有个共同的图腾:视树为衣食父母,为感恩示敬,将大片地势好、近水源的森林供为“神林”,在那儿,连花草禽兽也被视为精灵,不得侵扰。那里要求寂静与安详,不允许伐木、狩猎、开垦,不允许喧闹、泄秽、有猥亵之语,甚至不允许捡拾枯枝落果。整个西双版纳,那样的地方有600余处,近10万公顷,珍稀植物和药用植物200余种。不仅西双版纳,“神林”在滇桂川黔等其他部族也盛行。

⑨中国最大的植物种子和基因库,寂静如初、仓储完好,靠的是“门神”,是“闲 人免入”和“肃静”的牌子,是精神防护罩和铁布衫。

⑩害怕,有时候是美丽的。怕久了,入了骨,便成爱,上苍佑之,必使有所忌,有所敬,有所自缚和不为,如此,其身心才是安全、舒适的,像一盘有序、有逻辑和对手的棋。 .

14、作者从哪三个方面回答了“中国青山绿水在哪儿”?(6分) (1)北方汉族人为祈福祛灾而厚待沧桑大树,使得个别大树得以保全。

(2)

(3)

3段空格处填入的词语最恰当的一项是( )(3分) 15、第○

A.所以 B.甚至 C.然而 D.尽管 4段划线句的语言表达很有特点,试分析。(4分) 16、第○

8段以西双版纳为例,还运用了 说明方法,作用是 17、第○ (3分)

10段中“如此”的此具体指 18、第○

(3分)

(二)阅读下文,完成第19一23题(21分)

书祸

①我酷爱读书,读书总给我带来巨大享受,尤其是乘车的时候。

②不过我也曾因为乘车读书而“闯祸”,并且不止一次。

③十多年前的一个礼拜天,我爸爸约了几位客人共进晚餐,打发我去北京的西单菜市场买两条鱼和半只火腿。我当时正在读卡夫卡的《城堡》那是一本需把自己囚于其中方能读出所以然的书。从西单菜市场回家的电车上,我已在《城堡》深处。只听售票员吆喝:“北太平庄!”脚先于我的意识迈出车门,而脑子里仍是《城堡》的种种迷津。

4木木呆呆走到家,爸爸开门便问:“东西呢? ”我反问:○“什么东西? ”爸爸眼 睛瞪圆了:“咦,等你买的鱼和火腿呀! ”我shùn jiān张口结舌---东西全忘在电车上了。我爸爸一副揍也揍不得、骂也骂不出的样子,他几乎捶胸顿足:“你让客人吃什么! ”他顶好客又顶怕亏待客人。我赶忙认错:“我读书读糊涂了。要不,我再跑一趟?”当然是来不及再跑一趟的,那时菜市场一旦来了鲜鱼,排队至少也要个把钟头。

⑤刚到美国读书时,一次有位朋友得了感冒,我临时代替她去打一天 工 --- 照顾一 个两岁的小女孩,给她喂饭、换尿布,放卡通片给她看,她累了就哄她睡觉,诸如此类的事情,每小时5美元。

⑥当时我正在恋爱,这天晚上要和男友(现在是我丈夫)一起去他家,和他的父母共度圣诞前夜。男友的父母有个习惯: 一年只在圣诞前夜喝一瓶轩尼诗酒,而这瓶酒总是由他们的儿子当作礼物送给他们,这已经成了他们家庭的传统。我知道这瓶酒对男友的重要性,决定下班后就替他去买来。

⑦结束了八小时换尿布、喂饭和放卡通片的工作,拿到40美元现金,我赶去买了酒并请店员给它做了最豪华的节日包装。天擦黑时,我已拿着酒挤在下班人群里走进了地铁。一

找到光线较好的位置,我马上打开随身带的《百年孤独》,忘情细读起来,等回过神才发现已足足坐过了两站。等下了车,我感到手中空空、步伐飘飘,若有所失,直到走到男友家门口,才猛然醒悟到那瓶酒已经被我忘记在地铁上!无奈只有再买一瓶。从那以后,我每次因乘车读书而“闯祸”,我丈夫总要提起那两瓶轩尼诗。

⑧当然并非每次“闯祸”的损失都那么大,一次在华盛顿开往纽约的火车上,我读完了《洛丽塔》,一时间泪流满面,哽咽不止,一车厢的人都旁观我的抽泣,不知如何是好。一位年轻女士戳戳她的男友,问她可知缘由,那男友耸耸肩,眼珠翻上去望望上苍,表示只有天晓得。那次损失最小,我只把夹在书里的一张从加拿大买的,具有经验意味的牛皮书签弄丢了。

⑨回家告诉丈夫,他对我苦笑:“唉,你丢这丢那,不是乘错车,就是下错站,怎么就从来没丢过书呢?”这倒是真的,我还从没丢过书,哪怕是丢了夹在书里的书签,书照旧紧紧攥在手中,跟着我一路回家。

19、根据拼音写汉字:shùn jiān_________________(2分)

20、第④段画线句对父亲的描写表现出他怎样的心理?(4分) ____________________

21、阅读全文,填写表格。(8分)

22、第⑥段在文中的作用是______________________

____ _ __。(3分)

23、对本文主旨理解最恰当的一项是( )(4分) ...

A.表达了作者对书籍的喜爱珍惜之情。

B.表达了作者惜时如金的学习态度。

C.表达了作者对阅读的无比热爱之情。

D.表达了作者对阅读时光的无限回味。

三、综合运用能力(10分)

阅读以下内容,完成24-25题(10分)

材料一:蹴鞠所用之“鞠”,最早用石球,是原始时期的狩猎工具。传说等到了黄帝时,开始使用装满毛发的皮球,并用于军事训练。

汉代(前202年至220年)蹴鞠用练兵,并制定完备体制:球场两端各有六个“鞠室”,各有一人把守,两队以踢进对方鞠室次数定胜负。

唐宋时(618年——1279年)蹴鞠活动达到高潮,已出现按场上位置分工的踢法,且出现充气皮球,球门减少到两个。南宋《武林旧事》曾列出“筑球三十二人”竞赛时两队的名单与位置,这是历史上第一份足球“首发名单”。

元朝(1271年——1368年)蹴鞠成为朝廷节庆节目之一,关汉卿在《一枝花〃不服老》

中说:“我也会围棋,会蹴鞠,会打围……”甚至男女对踢在当时也屡见不鲜。

材料二:现代足球源于英国。曾在闹市举行,但由于扰民而遭政府禁止,后辟专门球场。19世纪初期足球运动在当时欧洲及拉美国家相当盛行。1848年,足球运动的第一个文字形式的规则《剑桥规则》诞生,十一人制比赛开始实行。

材料三:联合国教科文组织认为非物质文化遗产是确定文化特性、激发创造力和保护文化多样性的重要因素,在不同文化相互宽容、协调中起着至关重要的作用,因而于1998年通过决议设立非物质文化遗产评选。这个项目的申报有三个基本条件,一个是艺术价值,一个是处于濒危的状况,还有一个是有完整的保护计划。每两年才审批一次。

24、阅读材料,梳理中国蹴鞠的发展演变过程(6分)

蹴鞠开展目的:从最早用于狩猎,后来用于军事,娱乐,最终成为一项现代体育运动。 鞠球制作材料:比赛形式和规则:

25、如果推荐蹴鞠参加联合国教科文组织的非物质文化遗产评选,你认为是否能当选? 理由是: 。(4分)

四、写作(60分)

26、题目:遇见

要求:(1)写一篇600字左右的文章。

(2)不得透露个人相关信息。

(3)不得抄袭。

闵行区初三二模•参考答案

―、文言文(40分)

(一)默写(15分)

1. (3分)雨后全无叶底花 2. (3分)心忧炭贱愿天寒 3. (3分)枯藤老树昏鸦

4. (3分)思而不学则殆 5. (3分)而或长烟一空

(二)阅读下面两首诗,完成第6—7题(4分)

【诸如此类】

6. (2分)王维律诗(七言律诗)

7. (2 分)C

(三)阅读下文,完成第8—9题(9分)

8. ①(1分)陶渊明(陶潜、陶元亮)②(2分)不久

③(3分)渔人把自己听到的事一件一件详细地告诉了他们

9. (3 分)B

(四)阅读下文,完成第10—13题(12分)

10. (1) (2分)过去,原来(2) (2分)进入

11. (3分)(故人子)一直到酒席结束都端端正正地坐着,不和相邻座位的人交谈。

12. (2分)此人每早人帷,端坐至夕

13. (3分)知人善任(人尽其才)

二、现代文(40分)

(一)阅读下文,完成第14一 18题(19分)

14. (6分)(2)南方汉族人为保护‚风水林‛,大大提高了青山绿水的比例和稳定性

(3) 少数民族为保护共同的图腾——‚神林‛,形成了中国最完整、面积最大的热带雨林

15. (3 分)B

诸如此类 第二篇_新标准综合2翻译练习答案

新标准综合2翻译练习答案

Unit 1

4 Translate the sentences into Chinese.

1 On university campuses in Europe, mass socialist or communist movements gave rise to increasingly violent clashes between the establishment and the college students, with their new and passionate commitment to freedom and justice. (with their … and justice 部分最好提前,即先说学生的状况,再说学生与当权者的冲突。)

在欧洲的大学校园里,大学生以新的姿态和激情投入到争取自由和正义的事业中去,大规模的社会主义或共产主义运动引发了他们与当权者之间日益升级的暴力冲突。

2 These days political, social and creative awakening seems to happen not because of college, but in spite of it. Of course, it’s true that higher education is still important. For example, in the UK, Prime Minister Blair was close to achieving his aim of getting 50 per cent of all under thirties into college by 2010 (even though a cynic would say that this was to keep them off the unemployment statistics).

现在,政治、社会和创造意识的觉醒似乎不是凭借大学的助力,而是冲破其阻力才发生的。当然, 一点不假,高等教育仍然重要。例如,在英国,布莱尔首相几乎实现了到2010 年让50%的30 岁以下的人上大学的目标(即使愤世嫉俗的人会说,这是要把他们排除在失业统计数据之外)。

3 I never hoped to understand the nature of my generation or how American colleges are changing by going to Lit Theory classes. This is the class where you look cool, a bit sleepy from too many late nights and wearing a T-shirt with some ironic comment such as ―Been there, done that and yes, this IS the T-shirt‖.(第二句的主句是强调句式,汉译应在句法上稍作变通,以求类似强调语义的效果。a bit 以后的内容是进一步说明如何 look cool 的,汉译可加破折号表明关系。)

我从没指望通过上文学理论课来了解我这一代人的特征,或了解美国大学在如何变化。这门课是让 你在课堂上扮酷的——带着一丝熬夜太多的困劲儿,穿着一件T 恤衫,上面印着―去过那儿,干过那事儿,对,这就是那件T 恤衫‖,或诸如此类带有揶揄意味的俏皮话。

4 We’re a generation that comes from what has been called the short century (1914–1989), at the end of a century of war and revolution which

changed civilizations, overthrew repressive governments, and left us with extraordinary opportunities and privilege, more than any generation before. (可以在 at the

end of a century of war and revolution 处拆句。前半部分讲―我们‖所处的年代,后半部分讲这个世纪的特点。)

我们这一代人来自所谓的短世纪(1914-1989),生于其后期。这个世纪充满了战争和革命,它改变了人类文明,推翻了强权政府,给我们留下了非同寻常的机会和特权。我们所得到的机会与特权比从前任何一代人都要多。

5 Translate the sentences into English.

1 政府采取的一系列措施不但没有化解矛盾,反倒激起更多的暴力冲突。反对党联合工会发动了一次大罢工,最终导致政府的垮台。(give rise to; form an alliance with; launch; bring about)

Instead of resolving contradictions, the series of measures taken by the government gave rise to more violent clashes. The Opposition formed an alliance with the trade unions and launched a general strike, which ultimately brought about the downfall of the government.

2 如今,大学与现实世界的距离越来越小,学生也变得越来越实际。从前,大学是一个象牙塔,学者追求的是学问本身而不是把学问作为达到目的的手段,但这样的时代已经一去不复返了。(shrink; gone are the days; a means to an end)

Nowadays, the gap between the university and the real world is shrinking and students are becoming more and more practical. Gone are the days when the university was an ivory tower in which scholars pursued knowledge as an end rather than a means to an end.

3 我从未指望靠上课来学好这门课。但我确实去听课,因为在课上我能了解这门课的重点,学会如何组织材料、如何推理。(hope; the place where)

I never hoped to learn the subject well by attending those lectures. But I did go to lectures, for it was the place where I could get the important points of the course and learn how to organize materials and how to reason.

4 我一直想方设法解决这个难题,但就是找不到满意的答案。可是当我去厨房喝饮料的时候,我突然间灵机一动,意识到解决问题的方法实际上可能很简单。(work out; click)

Although I have been trying every means to solve the problem, I cannot work out a satisfactory solution. But when I went to the kitchen to get a drink, something clicked and made me realize that the solution might be quite simple.

Unit 2

5 Translate the sentences into Chinese.

1 Such motor mimicry, as it is called, is the original technical sense of the word empathy as it was first used in the 1920s by E. B. Titchener, an

American psychologist. Titchener’s theory was that empathy stemmed from a sort of physical imitation of the distress of another, which then evokes the same feelings in oneself.(第一句较复杂,应先弄清句子的主干,再根据各限定语的逻辑关系,按照汉

语的语序来译。)

这种所谓的运动神经模仿就是―同感‖的原始技术含义,而―同感‖这个词于20世纪20年代由美国心理学家E.B.铁钦纳首次使用。铁钦纳的理论是:同感发自对他人痛苦的一种身体模仿,这种模仿继而在自身引起同样的心理感受。【诸如此类】

2 He sought a word that would be distinct from sympathy, which can be felt for the general plight of another with no sharing whatever of what that other person is feeling. Motor mimicry fades from toddlers’ repertoire at around two and a half years, at which point they realize that someone else’s pain is different from their own, and are better able to comfort them.(第一句中 which 引导的定语从句较长,因此可将整个句子译成两个分句,且有必要重复―同情‖一词。第二句宜将主语―运动神经模仿行为‖改作宾语,以―小孩子‖作主语,使译文前后主语一致。)

他当时在寻找一个与同情有所区别的词;同情是针对他人的一般困境而发的,无须分担他人的任何感受。小孩两岁半左右就渐渐不再有运动神经模仿行为,那时他们会意识到别人的痛苦与自己的不同,会更有能力安慰别人。

3 I also love the split-second shocked expression on the new people, the hasty smiles and their best imitations of what they think of as their ―normal faces‖. If they do the ritual well enough I turn my head ever so slightly and tuck my hair behind one of my ears, whichever one’s closer to them.(应注意split-second, of what they think, ever so, whichever 等的译法,尽量译得简短通顺。)

我也喜欢生人脸上那瞬间的震惊表情、匆忙的微笑和他们竭力装出的―正常脸色‖。如果他们这套仪式做得够好,我就会微微转过头,把头发掖到离他们较近的那只耳朵后面。

4 ―I mostly just read lips because it was easier to pick up than signing, although that’s not the only reason I was staring at your lips,‖ I told him. He laughed. We talked more, and then the host upped the music volume and dimmed the lights for the ―dance floor‖, and I had to lean in much, much closer to be able to continue reading his lips in the semi-darkness. And read his lips I did.(这句话中的 read his lips 在不同的地方意思稍有不同,翻译时应注意区别。)

我告诉他说:―我基本上只读唇语,因为这比用手语更容易,但这不是我一直盯着你的嘴唇的唯一原因。‖他大笑起来。我们又说了一会儿话。后来,主人放大音乐的音量,调暗―舞池‖的灯光;我不得不凑近他,近得多得多,以便能在昏暗中接着读他的唇语。我的确读到了他的唇语。

6 Translate the sentences into English.

1 一看见抽屉里的那些老照片,我的眼泪就涌了出来。它们让我想起了我跟爷爷奶奶、爸爸妈妈、兄弟姐妹一起生活的美好时光。(the moment; well up)

The moment I saw those old photos in the drawer, tears welled up in my eyes, for my memory went back to the days when I lived happily with my grandparents, my parents and my brothers and sisters.

2 有个学生踩到地上的一滩水滑倒了。周围的人反应各异,有的关心地走上前去看他是否受伤了、能为他做点什么;有的则站在一边不知所措;有的干脆就不理。(diverge from; approach; confuse over; tune out)

When a student slipped on a pool of water and fell over, people’s reaction diverged from one another. Some approached caringly to see if he was hurt and if they could help; some just stood there confusing over what to do about it; while others just tuned out.

3 上星期六上午,我像往常一样去超市购物。我刚要打开车门,却发现没带钱包。我只好回家去找,可是哪儿也找不到。(do the usual; do nothing but; fail to do)

Last Saturday morning, I did the usual and went shopping in the supermarket. When I was about to open the door of my car, I found that I did not have my wallet on me. I could do nothing but go back home in search of it, but I failed to find it anywhere.

4 我上小学二年级的时候,我们班有个同学得到的生日礼物是一辆红色的遥控车。我们大家只有羡慕的份,却不能也去买一辆,因为那种遥控车很贵,而且还是在香港买的,那时候在我们看来香港和纽约一样遥不可及。(could only; as far as)

When I was a second grader, one of my classmates got a red radio-controlled toy car as a birthday gift. The rest of us could only admire, but could not imitate, because the car was expensive and was bought in Hong Kong, a place which seemed to us as far away as New York at that time.

Unit 3

5 Translate the sentences into Chinese.

1 That was the strapline of the 2002 film Catch Me If You Can, which tells the story of Frank Abagnale, Jr. (Leonardo DiCaprio), a brilliant young master of deception who at different times impersonated a doctor, a lawyer, and an airplane pilot, forging checks worth more than six million dollars in 26 countries. He became the youngest man to ever make the FBI’s most-wanted list for forgery.

(注意同位语 a brilliant young master of deception 的译法。应采用重复主语的办法把长句拆分成若干短句。)

这是2002年的电影《有种来抓我》的剧情简介。影片讲述了小弗兰克·阿巴格纳尔(莱昂纳多·迪卡普里奥饰演)的故事。影片主人公是一位聪明绝顶的年轻骗术大师,曾在不同时间扮演医生、律师和飞行员的角色,在26个国家伪造了价值600万美元以上的支票。他成了联邦调查局有史以来伪造罪头号通缉令名单上最年轻的通缉犯。

2 Since 2003, identity theft has become increasingly common. Few people could imagine how important things like taking mail to the post office and not leaving it in the mailbox for pickup, shredding documents instead of throwing them out with the trash, even using a pen costing a couple of bucks, have become to avoid life-changing crimes. (应调整第二句的结构,以使译文逻辑通顺,意义清楚。)

2003年以来,身份盗窃案变得越来越常见。很少有人会想象到,为了预防这种改变人生的犯罪,采取一些预防措施有多么重要,比如把邮件拿到邮局去寄而不是丢在信箱里等人来取、把文件切碎而不是直接把它们连同垃圾一道扔出去,甚至使用几美元一支的(特效)笔等等。

3 If we’ve learned one thing from terrorists, not to mention action movies, it’s that a tool is also a weapon. Globally accepted credit cards and the databases that support them are tools for taking the friction out of commerce. That’s another way of saying that they’re tools for extracting money from people with minimum effort on everyone’s part.(注意插入和补充部分的翻译。前后以逗号隔开的 not to

mention action movies 在译文中可用破折号表示插入。)

假如说我们从恐怖分子那里——更不用说从动作电影那里——学到了一招,那就是,工具也是武器。全球通用的信用卡和支持它们的数据库是去除商业摩擦的工具。换句话说,它们是以让各方最省事的方式从人们那里取钱的工具。

4 Wherever universal identification leads, we don’t yet know how to manage a world in which everything can be linked to me, wherever I am. We don’t know yet how to balance the undoubted convenience of this world with the peril – vague, but apparently near – that we sense in the presence of all that information combined and consolidated, if only logically. (第二句的成分比较复杂,要注意插入成

分vague, but apparently near 和句末 if only logically 的处理。)

无论通用身份的前景如何,我们尚不知道该如何应付这样一个世界:无论我身在何处,一切都可能与我有关联。一方面,这个世界给我们提供了无可置疑的种种方便;另一方面,我们又面对着所有这些强化组合的信息(如果是合理的强化组合该多好啊)所带来的种种危险。这种危险虽然模糊,但显然离我们很近。我们尚不知如何在两者之间保持平衡。

6 Translate the sentences into English.

1 这些文件很重要,内容要绝对保密。如果要处理掉的话,应先把它们切碎或斯掉,而不是直接当垃圾扔掉。(content of which; tear up; instead of)

These are important documents, the content of which should be kept strictly confidential. If you need to dispose of them, you must shred them or tear them up instead of throwing them out with the trash.

2 现在,伪造支票、身份证和信用卡之类的白领犯罪已变得相当普遍。尽管我们学会了许多防止被骗 的招数,可是看起来我们随时都可能被骗。(forge; prevent ... from)

Nowadays, white-collar crimes such as forging checks, ID cards and credit cards have become very common. Though we have learnt much about how to prevent ourselves from being cheated, it seems that we could be its victims at any time.

3 地震已过去了好几个月,生活恢复了正常。人们与平时一样忙着各自的事情。但一个无法回避的事实是,地震给人们带来的精神创伤也许永远无法抹去。(go about; there is no escaping the fact that ...; mental trauma; wipe out)

It has been several months since the earthquake. Life has returned to normal, and people are busy going about their business. But there is no escaping the fact that the mental trauma the earthquake brought to people will never be wiped out.

4 为什么说一个图书馆拥有大量可供随时阅览的新书及电子图书资源很重要呢?因为那样的话,学者们就可以了解自己学科领域里的最新进展,知道自己的研究是否有价值。(matter; readily available to; if so)

Why does it matter that a library has many new books and electronic resources readily available to the readers? This is because if so, the scholars know the latest development in their own fields and know whether their research is valuable.

Unit 4

5 Translate the sentences into Chinese.

1 The objective importance of an event is obviously not enough – there are plenty of enormous global issues out there, with dramatic consequences, from poverty to global warming – but since they are ongoing, they don’t all make the headlines on the same day. 9/11, in contrast, was not just

international, but odd, unexpected, and (in the sense that it was possible to identify with the plight of people caught up in the drama) very human. (译成中文时,括号里的句子可以拆分成两句。)

一个事件光有客观重要性显然还不够——世界上有大量全球性的大问题,都会造成戏剧性的后果,从贫困问题到全球变暖问题——但由于它们都是进行中的,并不都会在同一天成为头条。对比之下,9/11不仅具有国际性,而且奇特怪异、出人意料,还(可能使读者对身陷那场悲剧中的人们的痛苦感同身受,从这个意义上讲)极具人性。

2 But TV news is not necessarily more objective or reliable than a newspaper report, since the images you are looking at on your screen have been chosen by journalists or editors with specific objectives, or at least following set guidelines, and they are shown from a unique viewpoint. By placing the camera somewhere else you would get a different picture.

但是,电视新闻未必比报纸报道更客观或更可靠,因为你在屏幕上看到的图像是经记者或编辑根据特殊的目的,或至少是按照预定指示筛选过的;它们是从一个独特的视点展现给观众的。如果把摄像机移到别的地方,你就会看到另一番景象。

3 The Internet provides an easy outlet for anyone with an opinion, and there’s nothing a newspaper editor likes more for reassurance about their work than feedback and opinions, as diverse as possible. Teenagers today don’t remember a time when they didn’t have the Internet, and reading a newspaper is something they only do if they have an assignment to write about the specific medium of print journalism.

互联网为任何有意见的人提供了一个便利的窗口;报纸编辑最喜欢的莫过于给他们提供各种不同的反馈和意见,他们能从中得到安慰。如今十几岁的少年已不记得曾经没有互联网的日子了;只有在写关于印刷新闻这一特定媒体的作业时他们才去读报。

4 So maybe the newspaper won’t die without a struggle. Trends for the future of newspaper include an increased demand for local news, and the continued exploitation of lifestyle journalism, which began in the late 1980s, especially within personal finance and travel, will create new revenue streams.(第二句是个复杂的长句,需要理顺句子的主谓及并列关系,且注意两个插入成分的处理。)

如此看来,报纸是不会轻易消失的。未来报纸发展的趋势包括对本地新闻需求的日益增长,而始于20世纪80年代后期的对生活方式新闻的持续开发利用——尤其在个人理财和旅游方面——将会创造新的收入来源。

6 Translate the sentences into English.

1 这个消息来得如此突然、如此令人震惊,我在沙发上呆呆地坐了几分钟。我的第一本能反应就是赶紧打电话把这件事告诉领导,看看我们能为那些在这起交通事故中死伤的同事做些什么。(so ... that; first instinct)

So sudden, so striking was the news that I sat motionless on sofa for a few minutes. My first instinct was to call our leaders to tell them what had happened and see what we could do for those colleagues who died or got injured in this traffic accident.

2 纸版的儿童图书与电子书相比有很大的优势。对孩子们来说,一本印刷精美的纸版书不仅是一本书也是一个玩具。读纸版书的感觉与在屏幕上读书的感觉是很不同的。(have advantage over; be different from)

Paper books for children have an enormous advantage over e-books. For children, a beautifully printed paper book is not only a book but also a toy they can play with. Reading a paper book is rather different from reading a book on the screen.

3 近年来,传统媒体呈现出衰退的趋势,新媒体迅速发展。尽管如此,这并不一定意味着传统媒体已失去市场。若谈到阅读新闻之类,人们还是习惯于像报纸这样的传统媒体。 (in the tendency of; not necessarily; when it comes to ...)

In recent years, traditional media are in the tendency of decline and new media are developing rapidly. However, this does not necessarily mean that traditional media have lost the market. When it comes to reading things like news, people are still used to such traditional media as newspaper.

4 随着金融危机的爆发,许多企业陷入了困境。对于那些因缺乏流动资金无法进行再生产又不想让恶性循环继续下去的企业,他们唯一能做的事情就是向政府求助。(find oneself in difficulty; turn to)

With the explosion of the financial crisis, many enterprises find themselves in difficulties. For those who have no circulating fund to invest in new production and would not let the vicious circle continue, the only thing they can do is to turn to government for help.

Unit 5

5 Translate the sentences into Chinese.

1 It was a horrible joke, but Doc Daneeka didn’t laugh until Yossarian came to him one mission later and pleaded again, without any real expectation of success, to be grounded. Doc Daneeka snickered once and was soon immersed in problems of his own, which included Chief White Halfoat, who had been challenging him all that morning to Indian wrestle, and Yossarian, who decided right then and there to go crazy. (原文 without 引导的短语是插入语,汉译可根据语义关系调整语序。后一句两个定语从句在汉译中可转为宾语从句。)

那是个粗鲁的玩笑,可是达尼卡大夫并没有笑,直到约萨里安又执行了一次任务之后,再次来求他要求停飞——尽管这没有任何指望。达尼卡大夫窃笑了一下,很快又沉浸到他自己的麻烦中去了,这包括怀特·哈夫特指挥官那天早上一直在向他挑战,要和他比印度式摔跤,而约萨里安则恰恰在彼时彼地决定要发疯。

2 There was only one catch and that was catch-22, which specified that a concern for one’s own safety in the face of dangers that were real and immediate was the process of a rational mind. Orr was crazy and could be grounded. All he had to do was ask; and as soon as he did, he would no longer be crazy and would have to fly more missions. (为避免译句过长,第一句中的定语从句可译为一个句子。)

只有一个诡局,那就是第二十二条军规,它规定:在面对真正的、紧迫的危险时考虑到自身安全是理智的思维过程。奥尔疯了,因此可以停飞。他只须提出请求;而一旦他提出请求,他就不再是疯子,就得去执行更多的飞行任务。

3 Our many Jewish friends and acquaintances are being taken away in droves. The Gestapo is treating them very roughly and transporting them in cattle cars to Westerbork, the big camp in Drenthe to which they’re sending all the Jews ... If it’s that bad in Holland, what must it be like in those faraway and uncivilized places where the Germans are sending them? (第一句中 the big camp in Drenthe 是

Westerbork 的同位语,翻译时同样处理为同位语,并把其后紧接的 to which 所引导的定语从句与前面断开。)

我们的许多犹太人朋友和熟人都被成群地带走了。盖世太保对他们非常粗暴,用运牲口的拖车把他们运送到德伦特最大的集中营威斯特伯克,他们把所有犹太人都遣送到那里。„„如果说在荷兰都这么糟,那么在德国人送他们去的那些遥远的蛮荒之地又会是什么样呢? 4 The voice that comes across is of a solitary young girl writing for herself, yet at the same time it is the cry of all those innocent victims of evil whose fate was to suffer in the Second World War. That is why Anne Frank’s diary has achieved fame as the voice of the Holocaust in which six million Jews were murdered: She speaks for all of humanity. (第一句中有三处由 of 引导的结构,汉译时应注意语序和措词。第二句的定语从句汉译时可利用括号处理为插入语。)

它传来的是一个孤独少女的声音,她为自己写作,但同时也是所有无辜受邪恶迫害者的呐喊,他们的命运就是在第二次世界大战期间受难。这就是安妮·弗兰克的日记被誉为犹太人大屠杀(其间有六百万犹太人被杀害)之声的原因:她的话代表了全人类的心声。

6 Translate the sentences into English.

1 虽然遇到了很多困难,但在他的带领下,公司产品打开了销路,总体形式也有了好转。为了表彰他的突出贡献,公司决定奖励他一套住房。(come across; for the better; in recognition of)

Though they came across many difficulties, under his leadership they successfully found a market for their products, and the overall situation was changing for the better. In recognition of his outstanding contributions, the company decided to give him a flat as an award.

2 当约翰向他挑战,要跟他比击剑的时候,他感到非常尴尬,因为他自知剑术不高,不是约翰的对手。如果他接受挑战,他肯定会输;可如果不接受呢,他就是个懦夫。(challenge ... to)

When John challenged him to fencing, he was very embarrassed because he knew

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