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2015广东高考改革解读
陈志强
改革背景
教育部改革原因：
原来为降低降低安全风险泄题影响较小而设定的分省命题有很多漏洞：
命题质量不一，费用成本太高
为提升教育质量提供一个客观的对比尺度
全国教育改革整体趋势
北京方案
全国高考改革方案初定为考语数外三门（注：指全国卷，下同），外语一年两考，再让学生选考三门，按五级制评价。高考改革方案具体如下：
1、高考命题杜绝繁难偏旧，基本以2013年的试题难度为标准；
2、2016年，英语将正式退出新高考（也就是6月7、8两天将没有英语考试），但是学生的会考成绩计入高考总分（A等100分，B等85分，C等70分），学生可以多次报考会考，最终以最好成绩为准；
3、在2016年之前，高考英语分值逐年降低：2015年，英语120分，相应的，语文将提高到180分;2016年，英语100分（会考），语文提高到200分；
4、除了少数民族加分政策以外，其它加分政策都将取消；
5、志愿填报也有微调：考前填报，但从明年开始执行平行志愿，第一志愿可以同时报2个，第二志愿可以同时报3个。
2017年英语分降 语文分增，2016年，高考文史类、理工类总分均为750分。语文（文理同卷）180分，数学（文）150分，数学（理）150分，文科综合320分，理科综合320分。英语文理同卷，实行社会化考试，一年两次考试，学生可多次参加。英语满分100分。 语文学科要加强对中华民族优秀传统文化的考查，充分体现语文的基础性和作为母语学科的重要地位，注重考查内容与社会生活实践的联系；发挥语文学习促进学生逻辑思维能力发展的重要作用，鼓励学生独立思考和个性发展。分值将由150分提高到180分。
数学学科要注重基本的数学能力、数学素养和学习潜能的考查，强调通性通法，注意数学应用，考查学生分析、解决综合问题的能力。考试分值仍然为150分。
英语学科要突出语言的实际应用，回归到学科应有的位置上，突出基础知识、基本能力及课标的基本要求，降低英语学科分数在高考招生中的权重。考试分值由150分降低到100分。实行社会化考试，一年两次考试，学生可多次参加，按最好成绩计入高考总分，成绩三年内有效
广东高考改革方案
高中14门功课学完了以后都要进行考核，分为两类，
一类是等级性的，包括语文、数学、外语、物理、化学、政治、地理、生物、历史； 还有一类是合格性的，即美术、音乐、体育、通用技术和信息技术。
这也意味着，以后不分文理科。
具体到分数，高考总分750分，其中450分(语数英)是高考时候考，学业水平考试平时考，
考完以后从物理、化学、政治、地理、生物、历史6门中任意挑3门。这3门等级转化为分数，合起来构成一个总分，然后进行排序，作为高校录取的参考。不过，这3门课还要对应所报考的专业需要什么课程来选，比如以后选择专业是物理，那就必须选物理，拿物理的成绩来算总分。
学业水平考试一般情况下是两次机会，英语有多次考试
广东省教育厅
1） 创造条件逐步取消高校行政级别，扩大高校办学自主权
2） 提出异地高考新政策
3） 综合高中发展模式
4） 2014年，义务教育阶段非本地户籍学生人数达416.2万人，其中公办学校就读216.6万人；全省普通本专科全日制在校生179.42万人，比上年增长4.93%，研究生在校生8.66万人，比上年增长1.63%。高考报考人数75.6万人，连续第二年居全国第一。
高考试题难度或将略有增加
广东学生普遍文科好，数理化弱，理性思维和思辨能力差。学生家庭条件好，学风浮躁，对需要理性和逻辑缜密思维的数理化科目，广东学生畏难情绪相对更大
广东卷与全国卷命题思路基本一致
由于一省命题漏洞在所难免，往年部分自主命题的省份试题最终还是交给教育部审核。 统一命题对学生备考影响不大
因为招生计划是各省份确定的，分数线也是各省份来定的，广东的招生情况未变。近年来国家考试中心每年命制4套全国卷，供各省使用，分别是新课标一、二卷等
2017年高考改革最新方案：20余省高考改革带来哪些变化？ 随着高考时间临近，高考改革再度引发家长、学生、老师热议。目前，已有北京、广东、江苏、辽宁等20多个省份公布了高考改革实施方案，福建、安徽、四川、湖北等省份也明确方案将于年内公布。
将在全国范围内渐次铺开的高考改革，是当下高考制度的一次深刻变革。实行“新高考”后，高中怎么教?学生如何才能进入心仪的高校?教育整体链条是否能环环相扣?
不分文理的“3+3”模式：改革凸显四大变化【广东高考改革】
自2014年9月国务院发布《关于深化考试招生制度改革的实施意见》后，各地开始陆续出台本地区改革实施方案。记者梳理各地改革方案发现，高考计分方式、高校招生录取方式发生明显变化，科目设置和招生批次成为改革重点。 不分文理，变为“3+3”模式。广东、辽宁、吉林等大部分省份实行“3+3”的考试模式：前一个“3”指统一高考的语文、数学、外语科目，后一个“3”为高中学业水平考试科目成绩，由考生在思想政治、历史、地理、物理、化学、生物等科目中自主选择3科。
外语等科目实行一年两考。北京市高考改革确定，英语听力考试从笔试中分离，一年两次实行机考，上海、吉林、辽宁等地也规定，外语提供两次考试机会，学生选取较好成绩计入高考总成绩;广东省除外语科目实行一年两考外，还将给学业水平考试提供两次考试的机会。
“一考定终身”变为“多元录取”。各地规定，改革统一高考招生录取机制，实行基于统一高考和高中学业水平考试成绩，参考综合素质评价的多元录取机制，即俗称的“两依据、一参考”。
“本科批次合并”。辽宁、福建、四川、广西等地从去年起陆续取消本科第三批次，与本科第二批次合并录取。一些省市则提出了合并第一、第二招生批次：上海市将从2016年起合并本科第一、第二招生批次，并按照学生的高考总分和院校志愿，分学校实行平行志愿投档和录取;海南合并一本、二本招生批次，并计划从2020年起仅设本科和专科两个录取批次;山东省也提出，山东高校录取从明年起将不再分一本二本。
新高考方案执行时间上，上海、浙江两个试验区明年起执行新高考;北京、海南等将于2017年启动高考综合改革;广东、辽宁、吉林、湖南等大部分省份定为从2018年高一新生开始执行改革;一些西部省份定于2019年开始执行。
2016年广东高考改革科目变化
语文：整体考试结构及分值与全国卷差异大
2015年广东语文高考大纲与2015年全国新课标大纲的考试说明要求基本保持一致，均设置必考和选考内容，分别考查考生识记、理解、分析综合、鉴赏评价、表达应用和探究六种能力，对应表现为六个层级。 具体考点、题型及分值上与广东卷有较大差异
全国课标卷不考语音辨析、文言虚词，文言实词、文言文信息概括为轮考点。论述类文本阅读只考选择题（3题9分），不考非选择题（广东卷2个选题8分，2个非选择题8分）。全国课标卷文言文阅读部分2015年增加了考古代文化常识，名篇名句默写考14篇高中古诗文和50篇初中古诗文，共64篇（广东卷只考33篇高中的古诗文），而且是考查在语境中的具体运用。全国课标卷文学类文本阅读和实用类文本阅读，既有选择题（1题5分），又有非选择题（3题20分）；广东卷只有非选择题（3题15分）。全国课标卷的词语运用只考成语运用，不考两字词语及熟语。
小题数量和能力层级的考查上与广东卷有较大差异
全国课标卷全卷共18道小题，比广东卷少了6道小题。全国课标卷在论述类文本阅读中考查推断能力和迁移能力，在文学类文本阅读和实用类类文本阅读中考查探究能力，这三种能力在广东卷中体现得不明显。文学类文本阅读和实用类类文本阅读中的选择题为5项选2项得5分，其中一个选项为3分，一个选项为2分，一个选项为1分，这在广东卷中是没有的。另外，全国课标卷作文评分标准是基础等级40分（广东卷为50分），发展等级20分（广东卷为10分）。
备考建议：继承原有备考优势着力借鉴外地经验
面对语文试卷在结构、分值体现等题型变化较大形势下，究竟现阶段高三备考应该如何进行？根据广东省教育厅下发《广东省教育厅关于广东省普通高考使用全国统一命题试卷的通知》，荆文龙提出以下三大备考建议： 继承并发扬以往成功的语文备考经验。
2016年虽然使用的是全国课标卷，但全国课标卷90%左右的考点与广东卷相同，这就说明过去使用广东卷的优秀备考经验仍然十分有用，必须继承发扬。建议2016年的语文高考备考，在现有成功备考的基础上，进一步重视学生语文素养的培养，夯实语文基础，突出语文能力训练，提高语文备考的效益。
加强研究，准确把握全国语文课标卷的方向。
全国语文课标卷毕竟与广东卷还是有较大的差异，这就要求2016年必须根据全国语文课标卷的特点进行备考。全国课标卷由第I卷阅读题和第II卷表达题两部分组成，答题顺序是现代文必考题、古代诗文阅读题及现代文选做题，再到语言基础及运用，最后是写作。这些对复习备考的计划、内容安排及整卷训练都有较大的影响，对此应该有十分清醒的认识，并落实到具体的复习备考中去。
优化策略，突出试题中的重点。
近年全国语文课标卷古代诗文阅读题中的文言实词、文言断句及文言信息是轮考点，复习时要注意全面备考。2015年全国课标卷的文言文阅读题中增加了古代文化常识的考查，复习备考时要特别重视这个考查方向。全国课标卷中的古诗词阅读题是2题11分，比广东卷多1题4分；现代文阅读选做题4题25分，比广东卷多1题10分，这些重点，复习一定要强化。 数学：文数理数变化多难度将增大
文科数学：题量增多压轴题难度加大
数学分为文科数学与理科数学，此部分分析文科数学，从考点分布来看，全国卷和广东卷差别较大： 首先，在题量上，广东卷共有21题，其中选讲两题二选一；全国卷则一共有24题，其中选讲有三题，三选一。通过对比会发现从广东卷改为全国卷，题量将增大，这要求考生的做题速度也要加快；其次，由于广东卷题量的增加，题目分值分布发生改变，全国卷每道大题的分值都是12分。
选讲题方面，广东卷只有“坐标系与参数方程选讲”和“几何选讲”，且为选择题二选一，分值为5分。而全国卷中“坐标系与参数方程选讲”、“几何选讲”和“不等式选讲”且为问答题三选一，分值为10分。所以对于学生来说，需掌握的内容也变多了。
题型方面，全国卷的选择题侧重考立体几何或圆锥曲线，而广东题考得相对平均一些。另外，在广东卷中考得比较少的解三角形，在全国卷中则是常考内容。
备考建议：注重教材上的例题习题 不管是文数还是理数，在备考方面，总的来说，依据考纲，重视新增内容，养好习惯，做到以下两点即可： 明确“考纲”要求，加强“双基”训练。
《考试大纲》既是高考命题的重要依据，又是指导考生备考的重要文件，作为教师要了解考试大纲的变化，因此要细读《考试大纲》。
在复习备考时，要以课本知识为本，对课本上的例题、知识点加以概括、提高和延伸，使之起到举一反三，逐类旁通的效果。在复习时，要充分挖掘教材例、习题的功能，深刻理解教材实质，挖掘教材内涵，利于课本辐射整体，实现“由内到外”的突破。在每年的高考数学试卷中都有部分试题源于教材，高于教材，特别是选择题与填空题，绝大多数是教材上的例、习题改编的，在解答题中也不乏有教材上试题的影子（或直接用教材上的定理或公式）。
由于全国卷无论是客观题还是解答题，整体要求较广东卷高，更应注重对“双基”的综合训练。
重视“新增”内容，不忘“边缘”考点。
所谓“新增”内容是指在《数学课程标准》中新增的内容，主要指：函数与方程；算法初步；几何概型；条件概率；正态分布；统计案例；三视图；全称量词与特称量词；理科的定积分等。据近年对试题的统计，新增内容在量的方面逐年增加。在命题的难度和变化方面也有所加强。
另外一个值得注意的倾向是，对于看起来“淡化”或“弱化”的“边缘”考点考查得较为频繁，如2010年课标卷Ⅰ文理科第19题均考查了“独立性检验”；2014年课标卷Ⅰ理科第18题考查了“正态分布”；课标卷Ⅱ理科第19题考查了“线性回归方程”等；2015年课标卷Ⅰ文理科第19题均考查了“回归方程”。
特别需要指出的是全国卷与广东卷在“概率统计”与“统计案例”方面，无论是命题风格还是考试要求都有较大的差异，备考时需要高度重视。
英语：重点关注两个新题型
根据“通知”说明，2016年启用全国卷后，英语与原有广东卷考察形式基本保持一致，均考查英语基础语言知识以及基本语言技能，不同点主要在于试卷结构及考试形式
英语科目笔试部分使用全国卷，且英语笔试部分卷面总分为120分，其最终成绩按总分135分进行折算，折算公式：最终成绩=卷面成绩（总分120分）×1.125，四舍五入取整数计分。
2016年的全国卷广东地区比起使用该套卷的其它省份少了听力部分（30分，用时20分钟），但广东地区的考试时间仍然是120分钟，答题时间比过去宽裕很多。
备考建议：侧重题型变化带来的考点及技能变化训练
从上述变化来看，针对高考新题型的课程设置、教材和课堂教学等各学校都不会有大的改变，但是要求针对题型微变所带来的考点变化和语言技能的变化进行适应性训练。
对两个新题型要给予重点关注，配以更多训练；完形填空加大了设空的密度，难度也会相应增加；按照全国卷分值比重，完形填空折算后的分值为33.75，分值比现有广东卷更高。因此对完形填空的训练力度要加大。
语法填空与原广东卷相比更侧重于考查基础语法能力
在语法填空上，对基于上下文作出逻辑判断的能力考查相对较少，表面看似乎容易了，但对于学生的语言基础要求高了。备考时要进一步夯实词法、句法知识，保证得分率。
书面表达是半开放性的写作
此部分虽然对字数要求远低于过去，但对于文体语言规范、得体性以及内容构思能力的要求并不低。备考时要帮助学生覆盖不同的文体，重点突破应用文和说明文。
从结构难度来看，全国卷的考查难度总体略低于原广东卷
在这种情况下，既要坚持夯实语言基础，也不要放弃对学生高级思维能力的培养。原有的一些好的题型训练，如概括、基础写作（内容整合与衔接）等方法的指导，都仍不失为提高学生综合语言能力的有效手段。总之，要确保广州学生的英语能力不下降。
2015广东高考改革解读
陈志强
改革背景
教育部改革原因：
原来为降低降低安全风险泄题影响较小而设定的分省命题有很多漏洞： 命题质量不一，费用成本太高
为提升教育质量提供一个客观的对比尺度
全国教育改革整体趋势
北京方案
全国高考改革方案初定为考语数外三门（注：指全国卷，下同），外语一年两考，再让学生选考三门，按五级制评价。高考改革方案具体如下：
1、高考命题杜绝繁难偏旧，基本以2013年的试题难度为标准；
2、2016年，英语将正式退出新高考（也就是6月7、8两天将没有英语考试），但是学生的会考成绩计入高考总分（A等100分，B等85分，C等70分），学生可以多次报考会考，最终以最好成绩为准；
3、在2016年之前，高考英语分值逐年降低：2015年，英语120分，相应的，语文将提高到180分;2016年，英语100分（会考），语文提高到200分；
4、除了少数民族加分政策以外，其它加分政策都将取消；【广东高考改革】
5、志愿填报也有微调：考前填报，但从明年开始执行平行志愿，第一志愿可以同时报2个，第二志愿可以同时报3个。
2017年英语分降 语文分增，2016年，高考文史类、理工类总分均为750分。语文
（文理同卷）180分，数学（文）150分，数学（理）150分，文科综合320分，理科综合320分。英语文理同卷，实行社会化考试，一年两次考试，学生可多次参加。英语满分100分。
语文学科要加强对中华民族优秀传统文化的考查，充分体现语文的基础性和作为母语学科的重要地位，注重考查内容与社会生活实践的联系；发挥语文学习促进学生逻辑思维能力发展的重要作用，鼓励学生独立思考和个性发展。分值将由150分提高到180分。 数学学科要注重基本的数学能力、数学素养和学习潜能的考查，强调通性通法，注意数学应用，考查学生分析、解决综合问题的能力。考试分值仍然为150分。
英语学科要突出语言的实际应用，回归到学科应有的位置上，突出基础知识、基本能力及课标的基本要求，降低英语学科分数在高考招生中的权重。考试分值由150分降低到100分。实行社会化考试，一年两次考试，学生可多次参加，按最好成绩计入高考总分，成绩三年内有效
广东高考改革方案
高中14门功课学完了以后都要进行考核，分为两类，
一类是等级性的，包括语文、数学、外语、物理、化学、政治、地理、生物、历史； 还有一类是合格性的，即美术、音乐、体育、通用技术和信息技术。
这也意味着，以后不分文理科。
具体到分数，高考总分750分，其中450分(语数英)是高考时候考，学业水平考试平时考，考完以后从物理、化学、政治、地理、生物、历史6门中任意挑3门。这3门等级转化为分数，合起来构成一个总分，然后进行排序，作为高校录取的参考。不过，这3门课还要对应所报考的专业需要什么课程来选，比如以后选择专业是物理，那就必须选物理，拿物理的成绩来算总分。
学业水平考试一般情况下是两次机会，英语有多次考试
广东省教育厅
1） 创造条件逐步取消高校行政级别，扩大高校办学自主权
2） 提出异地高考新政策
3） 综合高中发展模式
4） 2014年，义务教育阶段非本地户籍学生人数达416.2万人，其中公办学校就读216.6万人；全省普通本专科全日制在校生179.42万人，比上年增长4.93%，研究生在校生8.66万人，比上年增长1.63%。高考报考人数75.6万人，连续第二年居全国第一。
高考试题难度或将略有增加
广东学生普遍文科好，数理化弱，理性思维和思辨能力差。学生家庭条件好，学风浮躁，对需要理性和逻辑缜密思维的数理化科目，广东学生畏难情绪相对更大
广东卷与全国卷命题思路基本一致
由于一省命题漏洞在所难免，往年部分自主命题的省份试题最终还是交给教育部审核。 统一命题对学生备考影响不大
因为招生计划是各省份确定的，分数线也是各省份来定的，广东的招生情况未变。近年来国家考试中心每年命制4套全国卷，供各省使用，分别是新课标一、二卷等
2016年广东高考改革英语试题题样
（总分120分x1.125=135，考试时间120分钟）
第I卷（选择题共85分）
第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A.B.C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Welcome to Oyster
Oyster is a smart card which can hold Pay as you go credit, Travelcard and Bus & Tram(有轨电车) Pass season tickets. It is the cheapest way for you to pay for single journeys on bus, Tube, tram, DLR, London Overground and most National Rail services in London.
Pay as you go on your Oyster card
Using Pay as you go is cheaper than paying cash for most journeys.
Daily limit
If you‘re unsure of the number of journeys you‘re going to make, Oyster pay is easy for you to use. Make as many journeys as you like and you‘ll never pay more than the daily limit for the zones you‘ve travelled in. Daily limits are calculated over a 24-hour period, covering all the journeys starting between 4:30 and 4:29 the next day. There are different limits for different types of transport and times of day.
The system calculates the daily limit based on when and how you travel. Money will be taken away from your card each time you travel, until you reach a daily limit. This includes Pay as you go travel on bus, Tube, tram, London Overground and most National Rail services in London. River services and the Emirates Air Line do not contribute to your daily limit. For more information, visit tfl.gov.uk/oyster.
Season tickets on your Oyster card
You can buy Travelcards and Bus & Tram Passes on Oyster. With a Travelcard, you can travel as many times as you like on bus, Tube, London Overground and National Rail services on the dates, and across the travel zones you‘ve paid for. Please ensure your Travelcard covers all the zones you travel through. If your Travelcard includes zone 3, 4, 5 or 6, you can also use it on tram services. Bus & Tram Passes can be used on trams and London buses
displaying the red roundel bus symbol on the dates you‘ve paid for. The red roundel When you first get an Oyster card, you will need to pay a £5 refundable (可退款的) deposit. If you no longer need your Oyster card, we‘ll refund any remaining pay. Find out more at tfl.gov.uk/refunds.
1. What do we know about the daily limit?
A. River services help contribute to your daily limit.
B. You‘ll stop paying once you reach the daily limit.
C. The daily limit is fixed no matter when you travel.
D. You‘ll pay more than the daily limit for your travel.
2. Season tickets include _____.
A. Oyster card and Travelcards B. Pay as you go and Travelcards
C. Travelcards and Bus & Tram Passes D. Pay as you go and Bus & Tram Passes
3. Where is the text probably taken from?
A. An essay. B. A report. C. A novel. D. A brochure.
B
After being born at the end of 1932, Mr. Cameron senior suffered a lot with both legs shortened below the knees and his feet twisted. He underwent numerous operations to ease his pain, and at last both limbs had to be cut off. But despite his disability and later losing the sight in one eye, Mr. Cameron senior still gained a successful career as a stockbroker.
After moving to England from Scotland as a child, he married Mary and the couple raised four children at the family home in Peasemore, Barks.
In an interview with The Daily Telegraph two years ago, the Tory leader Cameron described the experience of growing up with a father with a disability. He told how once they were on holiday in Cornwall, he overheard someone rudely saying, ― That guy‘s wearing funny boots.‖ Mt. Cameron said he thought to himself, ― That‘s odd; no one ever says that.‖
In an ITV interview before the general election, Mr. Cameron said of his father, ― He‘s an amazingly brave man because he was born with no heels —— quite a disability. But the glass with him was half- full, normally with something alcoholic. I think I got my sense of optimism from him.‖
Mr. Cameron also appeared with his parents at an event and said they understood his idea of ―a Big Society‖. ― They showed me how a big society could work every day I was growing up,‖ He said, ― I know what are responsibilities.‖ Mr. Cameron senior‘s disability is not thought to have played any part in his death aged 77. Friends said he was so proud to see his son become Prime Minister in May, and had visited 10 Drowning Street and Chequers. However, the family‘s various holiday plans meant that he did not get to meet his latest granddaughter, Florence.
4. When Mr. Cameron heard the rude words, ____.
A. he felt surprised. B. He expected his father didn‘t hear them.
C. he thought the man was foolish. D. he exploded with anger all of a sudden.
5. Which of the following in TRUE about ― a Big Society‖ according to Mr. Cameron?
A. There are numbers of families in society. B. Much freedom will be offered to people.
C. Many events will take place in the future. D. People take up their duties in society.
6. From the last paragraph we can know that _____.
A. the disability caused Mr. Cameron senior‘s death.
B. Mr. Cameron senior lived in 10 Drowning Street.
C. Mr. Cameron senior took pride in having such a son.
D. Mr. Cameron senior was very glad to see his latest granddaughter.
7. What is the passage mainly about?
A. A disabled father and his career.
B. The prime Minister David Cameron.
C. A huge hero figure in the eyes of a son.
D. The working experience of Mr. Cameron senior.
C
Passwords consist of a unique sequence（一连串）of characters — letters, numbers, and symbols — required to access personal banking information, secure buildings, computer networks, certain Web sites and more. Each password is different, and only the correct one allows the right of entry.
Before you can choose a password, however, you must know the types of passwords required. First find out if all letters must be lowercase(小写字母). Should the password consist of letters or numbers only, or are special characters permissible? What is the minimum and maximum length allowed? Your password should be something you can easily remember but something impossible for anyone else to decode or guess. Poor choices include names of people, family or fictional characters, common sequences such as QWERTY on the keyboard or 789456123 on the numeric keypad. Other inappropriate choices include your telephone number or birth date, your middle name, your parent‘s name, your street name, or any other familiar name or number.
The best way to choose a password that is hard to decode, yet easy to remember, is to select something memorable from your past. It could be the name of your grandparents‘ dog when you were 5 (tippy5). You could form a string of characters using the first letter of each word in a phrase or saying that makes sense to you. For instance, your mother might say, ―The sun is shining — So am I.‖ A password from this saying might be (TsisSaI) or (Tsis-SaI). Once you have created a good password, keep it safe. Do not store it in a computer or leave a handwritten copy where others might see it. You could put the number in your address book in a masked form. It is not likely that anyone who found Ted Williams, 35 N. Sheldon Ave. in your address book would know it contains your password (TW35NSA).
It is best to have different passwords for each system. Since access to sensitive information could open the door for criminals, it is wise to change your passwords frequently. Some authorities suggest changing passwords every three months.
8. Suppose Michael Greenberg, who was born on December 31, 1978, is a workaholic. His mother Catherine Evans often reminds him to balance work and relaxation by saying ―All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.‖ Then which of the following could possibly be the best choice of a password for Michael Greenberg?
A. 12311978 B. awanpmjadb C. michaelgreenberg D. catherineevans
9. How is the third paragraph mainly developed?
A. By giving examples. B. By making comparisons.
C. By listing points. D. By making classifications
10. The example of Ted Williams, 35 N. Sheldon Ave. is used to show _______.
A. a good password B. a masked form C. a secret address D. a handwritten copy
11. According to the last paragraph, what is especially important for a password?
A. Safety B. A certain system. C. Authorities‘ advice. D. Access.
D
Everyone procrastinates. We put things off because we don‘t want to do them, or because we have too many other things on our plates. Putting things off–big or small–is part of being human. But procrastination does have consequences. When your procrastination leaves you feeling discouraged, it is time to take action, and one of the best ways to get rid of it is to make an un-scheduled.
An un-schedule is a weekly calendar of all the ways in which your time is already accounted for. You consider not only your timed commitments such as classes and meetings, but also your untimed activities such as meals, exercise, time with friends, and the like. Once you have made your un-schedule, you may be able to see your time is often filled with more activities than you realize, for instance, that you really don‘t have five hours to spend writing on the night before your paper is due. Procrastinators‘ views of time tend to be unrealistic, and the un-schedule can help you outline a realistic plan. By planning accordingly, you will not only get a better night‘s sleep, you may also end up with a better paper.
The un-schedule might also be a good way to get started on a larger project, such as a term paper or an honors paper. You may think that you have ―all semester‖ to get the writing done, but if you really map out how much time you have available to write on a daily and weekly basis, you will see that you need to get started sooner, rather than later. In addition, the un-schedule may reveal especially busy weeks or months, which will help you budget time for long-term projects.
Perhaps most importantly, the un-schedule can help you examine how you spend your time. You may be surprised at how much time you spend watching television, and decide to make a change. It‘s especially important that you build time for fun activities into your un-schedule. Otherwise, you will procrastinate in order to steal time for relaxation.
You can also use the un-schedule to record your progress towards your goal. Reward yourself for your small successes. Seeing what you‘ve achieved will help you reinforce (强化) the productive behavior, and you will feel more motivated in the following process.
As you explore ways to conquer procrastination, don‘t expect overnight transformation. You developed the habit over a long time; you aren‘t going stop magically. But you can change the behavior, bit by bit. If you start to make an un-schedule now, you will eventually develop new habits.
12. From Paragraph 2, we can know that procrastinators __________.
A. usually have sleeping problems B. tend to be unrealistic in daily life
C. spend more time in doing exercise D. often fail to notice untimed activities
13. Which of the following statements best reflects an un-schedule?
A. ―Now I have more time for fun.‖
B. ―I can start my big project later.‖
C. ―I‘ll treat myself to a movie for my progress.‖
D. ―I‘m going to have more time to finish my paper.‖
14. According to the writer, people need to make an un-schedule because of their __________.
A. interests in doing things differently B. determination to try out new things
C. inability to manage time properly D. lack of concentration on a project
15. The author writes the passage to __________.
A. show concerns B. offer suggestions C. express dissatisfaction D. make comments
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）‘
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余 选项。 ‗
Do You Know the Gaps (漏洞) in Your Knowledge?
You probably don‘t know as much as you think you do. When put to the test, most people find they can‘t explain the workings of everyday things they think they understand. Don‘t believe me? Find an object you use daily (an ear phone, a toilet, a stereo speaker) and try to describe how it works. call this phenomenon the illusion of explanatory depth(解释性深度错觉). It means you think you fully understand something that you actually don‘t.
We see this every day in buzzwords (流行语). Though we often use them, their meanings are usually unclear.
Several years ago, I attended a meeting where the president spoke about global business practice in the coming year. During the talk, people around the room nodded in agreement. Afterwards, though, many of them discussed how to manage global business practice, none of the people who had nodded in agreement could exactly describe what it actually meant.
No matter what job you do, discovering your gaps in knowledge is necessary. An unknown gap means you might not fully understand a problem.
To discover the things you can‘t explain, take a lesson from teachers. When you guide someone else, you have to fill the gaps in your own knowledge. But you don‘t need to teach someone else. Explain concepts to yourself as you learn them. Get in the habit of self-teaching. Involve others in learning Ask them to explain difficult concepts, even if you think everyone understands them. Not only will this help you to work through new ideas, but it will occasionally uncover places where your friends don‘t understand the explanations.
They can help you have a better understanding of problems.
A. An active learner usually puts it into reality.
B. That can prevent you from solving the problem properly.
C. Your explanations can‘t show your own knowledge gaps.
D. Help recognize the knowledge gaps of the people around you.
E. You‘re likely to discover unexpected gaps in your knowledge.
F. They cover gaps in our knowledge, serving concepts we don‘t fully understand.
G. When you do uncover these gaps, treat them as learning opportunities, not signs of weakness.
第二部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分） ‘
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A.B.C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I was born and raised in Minnesota, the USA, but as an adult I have mostly lived in Europe and Africa. I teach cross-cultural management at the International Business School near Paris. For the last 15 years, I‘ve studied __21___ people in different parts of the world build trust ,communicate and make decisions __22___ in the workplace.
While travelling in Tokyo recently with a Japanese__23__, I gave a short talk to a group of 20 managers. ___24__, I asked whether there were any questions or comments. No __25__ went up, so I went to sit down. My colleague whispered to me, ―I think there ___26__ were some comments, Erin. Do you mind if I try?‖ I agreed, but I guessed it a waste of __27__. He asked the group again, ― Any comments or questions‖.
Still, no one raised a hand, __28__ this time he looked very carefully at each person in the silent audience. Gesturing to one of them, he said, ― Do you have __29__ to add?‖ To my amazement, she __30__ ― Yes, thank you.‖ and asked me a very interesting question. My colleague repeated this several times, __31_ the audience and asking for more questions or comments.
After the session, I asked my colleague, ― How did you __32__ that those people had questions?‖ He __33___, not sure how to explain it, and then said, ― It has to do with how __34__ their eyes are.‖
He continued, ―In Japan, we don‘t __35__ as much direct eye contact as you do in the west. So when you asked if there are any __36__, most people were not looking directly at you. But a few people in the ___37___were looking right at you and their eyes were bright. That __38__ that they would be __39__ to have you call on them.
I thought to myself I would ever have learned from upbringing in Minnesota. Since then, I try to __40__ understanding behavior in other cultures I encounter, and keep finding the bright eyes in the room.
21. A. why B. when C. while D. how
22. A. specially B. especially C. silently D. secretly
23. A. student B. friend C. classmate D. colleague
24. A. At the end B. In details C. At all B. In a word
25. A. mouths B. legs C. hands D. heads
26. A. totally B. nearly C. actually D. frequently
27. A. breath B. money C. times D. talent
28. A. so B. but C. because D. and
29. A. nothing B. all C. something D. everything
30. A. refused B. agreed C. asked D. responded
31. A. thinking about B. looking up to C. looking at D.looking for
32. A. suspect B. convey C. respect D. know
33. A. nodded B. decided C. made D. hesitated
34. A. lovely B. beautiful C. bright D. fixed
35. A. let B. make C. take D get
36. A. comments B. ideas C. decisions D. reports
37. A. classroom B. group C. school D. jury
38. A. tells B. indicates C. convinces D. informs
39.A. happy B. confident C. kind D. clever
40. A. focus on B. depend on C. live on D. move on
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空格处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或使用括号中单词的正确形式。
―There was a young flower in the desert __41___ all was dry and sad looking. It was growing ___42___itself, enjoying every day and saying to the sun ― When shall I be grown up?‖ And the sun would say ― Be __43___(patience). Each time I touch you, you grow a little.‖ She was so __44__(please), because she would have a chance to bring beauty to this corner of sand. And this was all she wanted to do —— bring a little bit of beauty to this world.
One day the hunter ___45_(come) by and stepped on her. She was going to die and she felt so sad, not because she was dying __46__ because she would not have a chance __47__ (bring) a little bit of beauty to this corner of the desert.
Just then the great spirit saw her, and was listening. He heard __48__ she said in her mind. Indeed, he said, she should be living, and he reached down and touched her, __49__(give) her life.
___50__(final), she grew up to be a beautiful flower, and this corner of the desert became so beautiful because of her.
笫三部分写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10
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