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介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句
介词加关系代词引导的定语从句要注意以下几点： 1．“介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which（指物）和whom（指人），即：介词+which/whom。不能用that 和who。
e.g. This is the teacher from whom we’ve learned a lot. 这就是从他那里我们学了很多东西的老师。
Great changes have taken place in the city in which we live. 我们所居住的城市发生了巨大的变化。
2．有时介词也可放在从句的末尾，这时关系代词可用which/that(指物)，who/whom/that（指人），也可以省略。
e.g. The situation (which/that ) we had got into was very dangerous. 我们当时的处境很危险。
The man (whom/who/that) you were talking to just now is my English teacher. 你刚刚和他谈话的那个人是我的英语老师。
3．当定语从句中的谓语动词短语是固定搭配，不可分割时，那么动词短语中的介词不能前置。
e.g. This is the pen which I’m looking for. 这是我正在找的那支钢笔。
不能写成：This is the pen for which I’m looking.
4．定语从句也可由“名词/代词/数词+介词+which/whom”引出。
e.g. That old man has two sons, one of whom is a doctor. 那个老人有两个儿子，其中一个是医生。
The house, the windows of which ( = whose windows = of which the windows) were damaged, has now been repaired. 窗子遭破坏的那栋房子现在已经修好了。
5．引导定语从句的关系副词(when, where, why) 可以用“介词+关系代词”代替。
e.g. I’ll never forget the day when I joined the party. (when= on which). 我永远都不会忘记入党的日子。
The factory where my father works is in the east of the city. (where = in which). 父亲工作的那家工厂在城东。
None of us know the reason why Tom was absent from the meeting. (why = for which). 我们都不知道汤姆缺席会议的原因。 6．“复合介词短语+which”引导的定语从句，常与先行词用逗号隔开，而且定语从句常用倒装语序。
e.g. He lived in a big house, in front of which stood a big tall tree. 他住在一幢大房子里，房前有一棵大树。
“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句的几种情况
先来看课本第18单元语法部分的练习（人教高二下P61）中的几个句子：
(1) The room in which we took the photos was very dusty.【介词加关系代词】
(2) The wires with which the machines were connected were very old.uniwant.com
(3) The four ancient Chinese inventions of which we are proud have remained important in human history for thousands of years.
上述三个定语从句中的关系代词前分别用了不同的介词，同学们对于定语从句中关系代词、关系副词的选择可能不会感到什么困难，但对于“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中介词的选择却可能会感到迷惑。“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句在近几年的高考题中出现的频率颇高，而且变化多样，希望下文的总结能帮助同学们突破这一难关。
一、“介词＋关系代词which/whom”引导的定语从句
正式语体中，关系代词作介词宾语，常常把介词置于关系代词which/whom之前；非正式语体中，介词可置于从句末。介词的选择取决于其与作先行词的名词、代词的搭配或与定语从句中谓语动词的搭配。有时候需要兼顾先行词和定语从句中的动词。
【考例】Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes______people were eaten by the tiger.（2005广东卷）
A.in which B.by which C.which D.that【介词加关系代词】
此题中的介词取决于前面的名词scenes，构成in the scenes，故选A。
温馨提示：“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句要和“介词+疑问代词”引导的宾语从句区别开。两种句子结构很相似，但亦有区别：“介词＋关系代词”前面是名词或代词，而“介词＋疑问代词”前面则是动词或形容词。
【考例】They way he did it was different ______we were used to. （2005江西卷）
A. in which B. in that C. from what D. from which
该题很容易让同学们误选D，把它看成“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。be different from是一形容词短语，what引导宾语从句作介词from的宾语，而不是from which引导的定语从句，故选C。
二、“介词＋关系代词which＋名词”引导的定语从句
关系代词在定语从句中一般充当主语、宾语或表语，有时候也可以充当定语。which可以指代一个名词（词组）、一个短语，也可以指代整个句子。而which所修饰的名词（如time, case, city等）是对先行词的内容起概括作用的名词。
【考例】Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003,______he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students' Union.（2005重庆卷）
A. during which time B. for which time C. during whose time D. by that time which指代from 1999 to 2003这一短语的内容，time对前面的短语from 1999 to 2003起概括作用。这一短语又表示在短时间内，故选A。
三、“the＋名词＋of＋关系代词which”引导的非限制性定语从句
这种结构中，of which充当定语，修饰前面的名词，整个结构相当于“whose＋名词”引导的定语从句。
【考例】Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase,______was very reasonable. （2000上海卷）【介词加关系代词】
A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose
据题意，后文是对前面句中的名词an ancient Chinese vase起补充说明的作用，故应是
一个非限制性定语从句，which一般不作定语，C项前如加一个连词and则成立，D项结构不正确，故选B，相当于whose price。
四、“the＋形容词比较级（最高级）＋of＋which／whom”引导的非限制性定语从句
【考例】There are two buildings,______stands nearly a hundred feet hight.（2004湖北卷）
A. the larger B. the larger of them C. the larger one that D. the larger of which 据题意，后部分是对前面名词two buildings的补充说明，同学们很容易误选B项，错误在于忽略了两个简单分句之间应该有关联词。答案为D，后部分相当于and the larger of them stands nearly a hundred feet high。
五、“代词most, some, many, few, neither等＋of＋关系代词which/whom”引导的非限制性定语从句
这种结构常用来引导非限制性定语从句，有时候也可把“of＋关系代词which/whom”置于代词前。
【考例】I have many friends,______some arebusinessmen. （2005全国卷Ⅰ）
A. of them B. from which C. who of D. of whom
据题意，后部分是对前句中的名词many friends起补充说明的作用，故选D。of whom引导非限制性定语从句，相当于一个并列分句and some of them are businessmen。
六、“数词＋of＋关系代词which/whom”引导的定语从句
这种结构也常用来引导非限制性定语从句，有时候也可以把“of＋关系代词which/whom”置于数词前。数词包括百分数和基数词。
【考例】The factory produces half a million pairsof shoes every year,80%______are sold abroad.（2004辽宁卷）
A. of which B. which of C. of them D. of that
此题的后部分是对前部分中的名词half a million pairs of shoes起补充说明的作用，属于非限制性定语从句，在某个范围里用介词of，故选A。
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介词+which /whom
1. Do you know who lives in the building ______there is a well?
A. in front of it B. in front of whose C. in front of which D. in front which
2. I’ll never forget the day ____I joined the League.
A. on which B. in which C. which D. at which
3. The woman _____my brother spoke just now is my teacher.
A. who B. to whom C. to who D whom
4. Jeanne was her old friend, ____she borrowed a necklace.
A. from who B. from whom C. to that D. to whom
5. His glasses, _____he was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke its leg.
A. which B. with which C. without which D. that
6. she is a teacher of much knowledge, _____much can be learned.
A. who B. that C. from which D. from whom
7. He built a telescope _____he could study the skies.
A. in which B. with that C. through which D. by it
8. Do you know the reason ____he was late?
A. that B. which C. for what D. for which
9. I have bought two ball pens, ____writes well.
A. none of which B. neither of which C. none of them D. neither of them
10. The Second World War _____millions of people were killed in 1945.
A. during which B. in that C. where D. on which
11. China has many rivers,_ ___the Changjiang River is the longest.
A. which B. in which C. among which D. one of which
12. This is the very knife _____I used to cut apples yesterday.
A. that B. by which C. which D. with which
13. The speed ____which you drive your car mustn’t too high.
14. In the park there are many flowers, the colour _____ which is bright and nice.
15. The little girl is reading a book, _____ which there are many pictures.
16. What were the things _______which he was not too sure?
17. They held a meeting, ____which the hospital director made a speech.
18. The book, _____which he paid 6 yuan, is worth reading.
19. Is this the man ____whose house the police found the lost colored TV?
20. The villagers dug along tunnel ______which they could go to the fields without being found by the Japanese soldiers.
21. Wu Dong, _____whom I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much.
22.The stories about Long March, _____which this is one example, are well written.
结论：
介词﹢关系代词引导的定语从句，关键是判断介词的选择，方法一是看从句谓语部分缺少什么介词(习惯搭配)，再则可以通过整个句子整体含义来判断，结合生活实际来判断。
1.The pen ______he is writing is mine.
A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which
2.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old.
A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom
3.Last summer we visited the West Lake, ______Hangzhou is famous in the world.
A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what
4.I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.
A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when
5.This is the reason ______he didn't come to the meeting.
A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which
6.This machine, ______for many years, is still working perfectly.
A. after which I have looked B. which I have looked after
C. that I have looked after D. I have looked after
7.This is the magazine _______ I copied the paragraph.
A. that B. which C. from that D. from which
8. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _______ he could see __ was going on inside house.
A. which; what B. through which; what C. through that; what D. what; that
1. The pencil ________ which he wrote was broken.
2. He built a telescope ________ which he could study the skies.
3. The woman, ________ whom I learned the news, is a nurse.
4. The wolf ________ which the sheep was killed was shot.
5. She has three children, all _______ whom are at school.
6. There is a tall tree outside, ________ which stands our teacher.
7. My glasses, _______ which I was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke.
8. In the dark street, there wasn’t a person _____ whom she could turn for help.
9. I was surprised at the way ________ which he treated the old man.
10. The age _______ which children can go to school is seven.
11. His bike ________ which he went to work was stolen last night.
12. Do you know the building ________ which is flying a red flag?
13. Ours is a beautiful school, ________ which we are proud.
14. The desk ________ which Jack is leaning is John’s.
15. He bought a book yesterday, the author ________ which is a teacher.
There are two teaching buildings
standing in the both sides of our school.
There are two teaching buildings
which/that stand in the both sides of our school.
难点语法------定语从句
“介词＋关系代词”即“介词＋whom/which” 的熟练使用
难点一、介词的选用至少要考虑以下的两个因素
A.与先行词的搭配关系
1） I worked in the school.
my son went to college.
B. 与谓语动词的搭配习惯 1）I spent 29 US dollars?
难点二、“介词＋whom/which”与 “whom/which/that/…＋介词”的转换。
1）The chair she is sitting is made of wood. The chair she is sitting on is made of wood.
2) Is this the book which you are looking for?
介词for不能与 look分开。
难点三、way作先行词
1) The way难点四、 表所有关系及整体中的一部分或全部时，用介词of, 有时可用whose转换。
He has three children. I’m painting a houseI’m painting a house.
难点五、用介词＋关系代词填空 is a Nobel Prize winner.
husband is a Nobel Prize winner. 6. Do you know the driver who caused the traffic accidenta man was killed.
she studies English.
is well written.
he can’t see anything.
on Sundays is not far from our school.
13. No one knowsshe is leaving so early.
is being built. 难点六、其他难点以及综合练习： Complete the following sentences: you visited last year?
Is this school the one2. He is one of the students who are good at maths.
He is the only one of the students who is good at maths.
you bought last month.
we lived last summer holiday?
Do you still remember the park my grandmother used to lived in.
8. He has two sons, andChina has hundreds of islands, andChina has hundreds of islands, and The poor
The poor people
China has hundreds of islands,
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