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做一个懂爱的人
--读《圣诞颂歌》有感
2010071126 钟玉梅 2010级英语5班
一个如此自私、刻薄、吝啬的守财奴，一个如此不懂得施舍和关爱他人的守财奴，在任何时候，看到这样的形象人物，我都会忍不住要唾骂一番。但是看完《圣诞颂歌》后，我却忍不住要对他竖起大拇指。
他的名字是斯克鲁奇。
正如他的名字一样，他花钱吝啬又不懂得关心他人。就算是在圣诞节如此欢乐的日子里，他还坚持要他的办事员加班，而不增加任何薪水。如果不是因为死去的马利——他的合伙人的鬼魂的出现，他一辈子也意识不到自己该做一个善良有爱的人。就像社会上很多吝啬的公司老板一样，他们想要工人干多点活，却舍不得掏出口袋里多一分钱。工厂闹罢工讨债出事了，拍拍屁股就走人了。反正工人如何也是要不到钱的。钱是那些老板的命根子。你把他们的命根子硬要夺走，他们怎肯？虽说那些钱里大多数是工人的血汗钱，但是，他就能活生生地把自己当成不懂事的孩子一般，抢了别人的玩具，硬是不肯松手，还坚称，是他的。与 这样孩子气的人讨工资，你只能够变成和他一样孩子气的人，要么，就算是他伟大的母亲出现，他也是不会松手的。因为他能有今天，多少是得靠着他伟大的母亲的。他宁愿相信，他的母亲是永远维护他的。所以，我太同情城市里千千万万的打工者了。所以，我太痛恨那样的吸血老板了。因此，我很高兴看到马利鬼魂的出现。
马利的鬼魂说：“每个人，都应当使自己内在的心灵到人们之间去活动，到四面八方去旅行；如果在世的时候他的心灵不到外面去，那么死后就要罚它这么做。它将注定要到全世界去流浪——咳，好苦啊！——而且要亲眼看到他在世时本来可以分享得到的、并且从中得到幸福的事物，现在他却没有资格分享了。”马利说的这一番话多有悔意啊。在世的时候不懂得体会人间的疾苦，只懂得盘算自己的钱袋子，这样子的人，就算是死后也不能安宁啊。他的心灵必须接受上帝的惩罚，流浪各地，没有休息，疲劳悔恨！可惜，他是在死后才有这样的机会知道自己的过错。对于社会上的许多人而言，“事不关己高高挂起”早已经不是新鲜事了。“只管自己门前雪，哪管他人瓦上霜。”这在中国的文化传统里也是根深蒂固的。怪不得如今社会人性的冷漠和无情。
只要一想到人性的冷漠和无情，有一张脸深深地印在我的脑海里。她就是小悦悦——佛山一家五金店老板的孩子。我不知道她犯了什么错，也不知道上帝在做什么——为什么会让诸多路过的行人瞎了眼！他们竟然看不到一条鲜活的生命在他们的车轮底下无助地哭泣死去！比起那匆匆而过的车轮，人的冷漠更能碾碎一个人的生命和灵魂。镜头里前后路过的十几个人啊！我不批判你们，我只是祈求，也能有一个像马利鬼魂一样的东西，或许叫小悦悦鬼魂去唤醒你们的良知和爱，让你们也能够看到过去的自己，现在的自己和未来的自己，从此不再怀抱一种侥幸和看热闹的心理，而是带着一颗爱人的心，让善行生根发芽！
斯克鲁奇实现了自己的诺言，变成了一个善人。他做了许多事情，为人所知的善事；也做了一些其他的不为人知的小事。上帝保佑了他！他的余生不再是独自冷清地守在自己的钱窖里，而是走上大街，走进小巷，去帮助那些他能帮助的人。我多么希望也能有这样的奇迹发生在那些像斯克鲁奇一样的人身上。有什么办法能让他们感受到帮助他人，施与他人的快乐和值得呢？噢，我实在没有办法。因此，我的心为斯克鲁奇而开心兴奋，却为千千万万的斯克鲁奇而担忧皱眉。
如何能够做一个懂爱有爱的人，这绝对不是简单地进行思想教育或营造某种社会氛围就可以达到的。斯克鲁奇的转变，是因为有马利的鬼魂和三个幽灵的指引，他能在过去清楚地看到自己曾经的天真和善良，能在现在看到自己的冷漠和自私，以及在未来看到自己悲惨的下场。任何人在那种情况下，内心深处最柔软的地方都会被触动。没有人希望看到自己未来死去时是如此悲凉和凄苦。所以，为了放手一搏，为了不重蹈马利的覆辙，他做出了转变。 但是对于社会中的人而言，要让他们转变为真正懂爱有爱的人，需要较长的时间和刻骨铭心的事件让他们觉悟。它也许是一部电影，也许是一部电视剧，也许是一本书，也许是一首歌，也许是某一个在他生命中起重要作用的人。我们没法设定一个标准，正如我们没法将马利的鬼魂引渡到当今一样。但是我确信，《圣诞颂歌》是那些书中的其中一种。
读一本书不会让你立刻变得富有，也不会让你立刻智慧或美丽，但是却会让你对现今的社会和人有一个对比和思考。不断地思考，才不至于让自己的脑袋生锈，以至于自己失去了原始的爱的能力和愿望，也不至于自己变得如斯克鲁奇一样的人。我希望，在我遇到一个像斯克鲁奇的人的时候，我能把这本书介绍给他，并叮嘱他做个懂爱有爱的人。
从西方文化的角度浅析狄更斯的小说《圣诞颂歌》的精髓
《圣诞颂歌》是狄更斯五部圣诞小说之一，作者借助宗教文化把小说与现实生活联系起来，使小说具有戏剧色彩。西方文化尤其是宗教文化贯穿小说的始终。同时，此部小说也对圣诞文化的发展起了促进作用，故事中的一些情节成了现代圣诞节的约定风俗，诸如家庭团聚，互换礼物，圣诞餐饮等。当今社会，重读《圣诞颂歌》会激发人们重新考虑生活的意义。它告诉人们：只有善良，仁慈，乐善好施才会给我们带来无穷无尽的幸福。
西方文化博爱主义圣诞精神一、引言
《圣诞颂歌》这部小说是伟大的批判现实主义作家狄更斯的五部圣诞短篇小说之一，创作于1843年。他的其他四部圣诞作品分别为《教堂钟声》《炉边蟋蟀》《人生的战斗》和《着魔的人》。尽管这些作品不能像《大卫·科波菲尔》《双城记》及《远大前程》等作品那么家喻户晓，但这些作品中所传达的信息具有深远的象征意义和发人深省的艺术魅力，尤其是《圣诞颂歌》这部小说中所传达的博爱主义和圣诞精神将会给被金钱和利益等迷失自我的人们点亮一盏明灯。这篇小说讲述了这样一个故事：富有而冷漠无情，自私透顶的吝啬鬼斯克鲁奇在圣诞夜被三个圣诞精灵造访：“过去之灵”“现在之灵”“未来之灵”，这三个圣诞精灵分别让他看到了自己的过去、现在和未来。他们帮助他认识到乐善好施的快乐及吝啬冷酷及自私的恶果，也让他有了重新考虑生活的勇气。同时，三个精灵也帮他挖掘出他人性的另一面即同情，善良和仁慈。
二、《圣诞颂歌》所体现的西方文化
1.《圣诞颂歌》所体现的宗教文化
狄更斯的这部作品得益于基督教中的许多教义。例如，每个人都有灵魂，灵魂和肉体可以分离，灵魂永存说；因果轮回说，因果报应说等。如没有这些教义，《圣诞颂歌》中的一些故事情节就会显得荒谬，例如故事开头玛利鬼魂的出现即是灵魂和肉体分离，灵——魂永存说的体现；圆形的门柄即是因果轮回说的体现；三个圣诞精灵帮助斯克鲁奇看到他的过去，现在和未来即是上帝万能说的体现；斯克鲁奇最后人性的大转变也可以看作是基督教中救赎的体现等。因此，正是基督教的这些教义激发了狄更斯对《圣诞颂歌》这部小说的写作。“文化，作为一个国家最原始的象征和人们内心最深层结构，是一个国家最重要的语言，这语言可以引导人们打破黑暗，走向光明”。这里所说的文化暂可理解为宗教文化。事实上，基督教的一些教义，如因果报应，美德永存等确实是揭发人类内心丑恶，净化人类心灵有力的工具，而狄更斯恰好利用了这一文化传递了他人道主义观点。
2.《圣诞颂歌》所体现的圣诞文化
在《圣诞颂歌》这部作品中我们还可以挖掘圣诞文化。例如，小说中所描绘的圣诞节前的欢乐气氛，穷孩子们唱的圣诞歌，一些慈善机构的捐助活动等。另外，故事中描述的“现在之灵”的外表与现在圣诞老人有些相似“绿色的长袍镶嵌着白色的花边”，“头上带着花环”，“眼睛慈祥”，“声音甜美”等。另外，故事中的一些情节变成了圣诞节的一些传统，如小说中的“家人团聚”情节；斯科鲁奇送给他的雇员的“火鸡”替代了传统的“大鹅”作为圣诞餐桌的一道菜。“圣诞树”也可能来源与此部小说，“墙上和天花板上都挂着绿色，甚至圣诞快乐”这句祝词也是在这部小说发表之后开始流行的。
圣诞颂歌的历史
carols were first sung in europe thousands of years ago, but these were not christmas carols. they were pagan songs, sung at the winter solstice celebrations as people danced round stone circles (the word carol originally meant to dance to something).
唱颂歌首次在欧洲数千年前,但是这些不是圣诞颂歌。他们是异教徒的歌曲,唱在冬至的庆祝活动,人们跳舞圆石圈(carol这个词最初意思是为某物而舞)。
the winter solstice is the shortest day of the year, usually taking place around the 22nd december. the word carol actually means dance or a song of praise and joy!
冬至是一年中最短的一天,通常发生在12月22日。卡罗”这个词的真正含义可能是赞美和欢乐的跳舞和歌声!
carols used to be written and sung during all four seasons, but only the tradition of singing them at christmas has really survived.【圣诞颂歌】
唱颂歌在四个季节中编写颂唱,但是只有在圣诞节他们的传统意味才真的活了下来。
early christians took over the pagan solstice celebrations for christmas and gave people christian songs to sing instead of pagan ones. in ad 129, a roman bishop said that a song called "angel's hymn" should be sung at a christmas service in rome.
早期基督徒接管了异教的冬至日庆祝圣诞节,给予人们基督教歌曲唱,而不是异教的歌曲。在公元129年,罗马主教说一首歌叫“天使的赞美诗”应该在圣诞节服务于罗马。
另一个早期着名的圣诞赞美诗是写在公元760年,来源于耶路撒冷的昏暗,为希腊正教而颂唱。
不久这许多作曲家在全欧洲开始写“圣诞颂歌”。然而,很多人都不喜欢他们,演唱都是用拉丁语写成的,正常人没法听懂这语言。到了中世纪(1200年代),大多数人失去了去庆祝圣诞节的兴趣。
this was changed by st. francis of assisi when, in 1223, he started his nativity plays in italy. the people in the plays sang songs or 'canticles' that told the story during the plays. sometimes, the choruses of these new carols were in latin; but normally they were all in a language that the people watching the play could understand and join in! the new carols spread to france, spain, germany and other european countries.
这是亚西西的圣方济的改变的时候,在1223年,他开始了他的诞生于意大利。戏剧的人唱歌
或唱颂歌,告诉故事正在进行。有时,这些新的颂歌的合唱是拉丁语,但通常他们都是在看戏的人能够理解的语言,一起加入!新的颂歌蔓延到法国、西班牙、德国和其他欧洲国家。
the earliest carol, like this, was written in 1410. sadly only a very small fragment of it still exists. the carol was about mary and jesus meeting different people in bethlehem. most carols from this time and the elizabethan period are untrue stories, very loosely based on the christmas story, about the holy family and were seen as entertaining rather than religious songs.
最早的卡罗尔,像这样的,是在1410年写的。遗憾的是只有一个非常小的碎片仍然存在。卡罗尔是玛丽和耶稣在伯利恒遇见不同的人而着的。大多数颂歌,伊丽莎白时期的真实故事,非常松散的,基于标准的圣诞故事,关于圣家庭和被视为娱乐而不是宗教歌曲。
they were usually sung in homes rather than in churches! traveling singers or minstrels started singing these carols and the words were changed for the local people wherever they were traveling. one carols that changed like this is 'i saw three ships'.
他们通常在家里,而不是在教堂唱!旅行歌手或音乐家开始唱这些颂歌,歌词被改编在当地人旅行时。一个颂歌改成像是这样“我看到三艘船”。
when oliver cromwell and the puritans came to power in england in 1647, the celebration of christmas and singing carols was stopped. however, the carols survived as people still sang them in secret. carols remained mainly unsung until victorian times, when two men called william sandys and davis gilbert collected lots of old christmas music from villages in england.
当奥利弗·克伦威尔和英国清教徒掌权于1647年,庆祝圣诞节和唱颂歌停了下来。然而,颂歌幸存下来,人们仍然偷偷唱着。颂歌仍主要是无名的,直到维多利亚时代,当两个男人叫威廉·桑蒂斯和戴维斯吉尔伯特收集大量的来自英格兰的村庄古老的圣诞音乐。
before carol singing in public became popular, there were sometimes official carol singers called 'waits'. these were bands of people led by important local leaders (such as council leaders) who had the only power in the towns and villages to take money from the public .
在卡罗在公共唱歌渐渐流行,有时有官方颂歌歌手叫“守望者”。这是重要地方领导人领导的乐队的人(如委员会领导人),曾在城镇和村庄拥有唯一力量能从公众手中拿钱的人(如果别人这样做,就有时被指控是乞丐!)。
they were called 'waits' because they only sang on christmas eve (this was sometimes known as 'watchnight''waitnight' because of the shepherds were watching their sheep when the angels appeared to them.), when the christmas celebrations began.
他们叫“守望者”,因为他们只在圣诞前夕唱歌(有时作为“看着夜晚”或“等待晚上”而熟
知,因为牧羊人正在看着他们的羊在天使出现时。),当圣诞节庆祝活动开始。
also, at this time, many orchestras and choirs were being set up in the cities of england and people wanted christmas songs to sing, so carols once again became popular. many new carols, such as 'king wenceslas', were also written in the victorian period.
同时,在这个时候,许多管弦乐团和合唱团被建立在英格兰和想要唱圣诞歌曲人们的城市里,所以颂歌再次流行起来。许多新的颂歌,如“好国王温塞斯拉斯”,也写在维多利亚时代。【圣诞颂歌】
new carols services were created and became popular, as did the custom of singing carols in the streets. both of these customs are still popular today! one of the most popular types of carols services are carols by candlelight services.
at this service, the church is only lit by candlelight and it feels very christmassy! carols by candlelight services are held in countries all over the world.
创建新的颂歌服务,成为流行,作为在街上唱颂歌的习俗。这两个习俗今天仍受欢迎!最受欢迎的服务是烛光颂歌服务类型的颂歌。
the most famous type of carol service might be a festival of nine lessons and carols, where carols and bible readings tell the christmas story.
在这个服务,教会只点燃烛光,很有圣诞气氛的感觉!烛光颂歌服务在世界各地举行。【圣诞颂歌】
最着名的卡罗尔服务类型可能是一个九节课和颂歌的节日,讲述圣诞故事。
A Christmas Carol
高俊杰 1230100033 文学二班
Charles John Huffam Dickens was an English writer and social critic. He created some of the world’s most memorable frictional characters and is generally regarded as the greatest novelist of the Victorian period. His works are characterized by attacks on social evils, injustice, and hypocrisy. Charles Dickens’s writing style is florid and poetic , with a strong comic touch. Through his works, Dickens retained sympathy for the common people and skepticism for the fine folk. Anyway , he was the greatest English realist of the time with a striking force and truthfulness to bourgeois civilization and sufferings of the common people.
A Christmas Carol is a ghost story that happened on Christmas Eve. It was divided into five staves. The protagonist’s name is Scrooge. In the first stave, Scrooge was a greedy and stingy businessman who has no place in his life for kindness, compassion and charity. Even when he was facing the corpse of his business partner, Marley, he also thought his money in his mind. In the next three staves, there were three spirits visited Scrooge. This three spirits represented the past, the present and the future. Three spirits took Scrooge to the scenes of his
boyhood, nowadays and the future. They helped Scrooge recognized the happiness of philanthropism and the bad effect of stingy and selfish. At last, Scrooge started with a new slate.
The success of this novel is benefited from the doctrine of Christianism. For example, every people have the soul, and the soul can separate from the body, even can remain forever. Except this one , there also have the transmigration, the Karma and the God’s omnipotence. What’s essential is that the changing of Scrooge’s humanity can reflect the doctrine of redemption. Therefore, the religious culture in westerns run through the whole novel. It’s the point that Dickens made use of to spread his philanthropism.
The Christmas culture also can be found in this novel. Such as, at the Christmas Eve, family ate together, poor children sung the Christmas song and some charity held the donations. Moreover, compared to Santa nowadays, the ghost of present’s appearance have some similarities in clothing and voice. What’s important is some plots in novel became the traditions in Christmas Day. For instance, the family dinner party, turkey and the Christmas trees. Even the greeting of “Happy Christmas” also came from this novel.
Facing the materialistic and anomic society, Dickens appeal
the philanthropism. He hoped that the religious culture can clear the people’s mind, solve the problem of society and punish the guilty and support the goodness. The building of Scrooge’s image and the changing of his humanity embodied the philanthropism. The author didn’t lash Scrooge’s cold-blood, selfish and greedy and sentence him to death. Instead, the author used the philanthropism to redeem Scrooge, and made him self-examinate and struggle. Besides, from this novel , the author wanted to pursuit the harmony between people and the humanity reversion. It also was reflection of author’s philanthropism.
Nowadays, the Christmas Day is one of most important holidays in western country. Its true value isn’t on itself, but on the Christmas spirits. The Christmas spirits means harmony, happiness, blessing, and love. We can reduce the hatred and give others forgiveness and love from the Christmas spirits. A Christmas Carol just convey this Christmas spirits into every reader’s heart. The poor shouldn’t lose their personality and dignity. And the rich also should be generous and full of love.
A Christmas Carol not only have itself artistic value, but also bring readers some revelations. Money doesn’t mean happiness. No matter how ignorant and prejudiced we are, we
should have the courage to change ourselves and reselect our life. Everyone is not perfect. They have the rights to make mistakes, just like everyone have the rights to correct. Every people have psilanthropism in their heart. As long as we explore and use it sincerely, we will be a great person. Scrooge redeem himself from the God’s salvation. Maybe every man is his own god in life. As long as we keep hope and make effort, we also can realize the true meaning of Christmas spirits and life.
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