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一、过度包装
话题原文：
过度包装浪费资源、污染环境、危害社会利益，于国家、社会和个人都是有百害而无一利，应坚决予以杜绝。要建立朴素的包装理念，提倡适度包装。建设节约型社会
(conservation-mindedsociety)，社会、企业和个人都有责任。个人要建立绿色消费观，提倡朴素消费。如果人际交往中重情谊轻礼品，重实际轻面子，这样过度包装就没有生存的土壤。社会应加大宣传力度，引导朴素、理性的消费观念，培育健康的社会风貌。
参考译文：
Over-packaging should be forbidden due to itswasting resources, polluting the environment, endangering social interest, which will do nothingbut harm to the country, society and individuals. Weshould establish the idea of packaging simply andadvocate proper package. It's the common responsibility of society, enterprises and individualsto construct a conservation-minded society. Individuals should build up. a view of greenconsumption and advocate plain-consuming. If
everyone emphasizes friendship rather thangifts, content rather than surface in social relationship, over-packaging can by no means exist.Our society should further advocate the concept of plain and reasonable consuming so as tofoster a healthy social atmosphere.
1.有百害而无一利:可译为do nothing but harm to...。其中do nothing but意为“只，仅仅”，更有“除此之外并无其他”的意味。也可以用is of no good for来表达。
2.节约型社会:可以有多种表达，如conservation-minded society, conservation-oriented society或resource-saving society等。
3.绿色消费观:可译为a view of green consumption。“观点”可以用view, concept, idea等词表达。
4.朴素消费:可译为plain-consuming。其中plain意为“朴素的，简朴的”，例如 “艰苦朴素”可译为hardworking and plain-living。
5.重情谊轻礼品:可以理解为“重视情谊而不是礼品”，故此处译为emphasizes friendship rather thangifts。
脸谱(facial makeup)是指中国传统戏剧—京剧里男演员脸部的彩色化妆。它在色彩、形式和类型上有一定的格式。脸谱运用红色、黄色、白色、黑色、紫色、绿色和银色代表不同的人物性格。各角色的脸谱由油漆、粉和油彩画成，基本形式是整脸、三块瓦脸(San KuaiWaLian)和碎脸。这些脸谱类型被广泛用于代表将军、官员、英雄、神灵和鬼魅。通过眼睛和鼻子周围形状各异的白色小块, 可以辨别出丑角(Chou actors)。有时这些小块以黑色勾勒，常称小花脸。 参考译文:
Facial makeup refers to the colorful painting on the face of the actors in Peking Opera, which is a traditional Chinese opera. It has certain format in terms of color ,design and type .Red，yellow，white，black，purple，green and silver are the main colors used for facial makeup to represent different characters. The facial designs for the roles are made by painting, powdering and coloring in the basic forms of ZhengLzan(keeping the basic face pattern)，San KuaiWaLian(three-section face) and SuiLian(fragmentary face).These types are widely used to represent generals ,officials，heroes ,gods and ghosts. The Chou (clown) actors can be recognized by the patch of white in variousshapes painted around the eyes and nose. Sometimes these patches are outlined in black, oftencalled Xiao HuaLian(partly painted face).
1.脸部的彩色化妆:可译为the colorful painting on theface。
2.在色彩、形式和类型上:可用词组in terms of表达，译为in terms of color,design and type。
3.整脸、三块瓦脸和碎脸:“整脸”是最原始的脸谱形式，利用双眉把脸分为额和面两个部分的脸谱;“三块瓦脸”是在整脸的基础上再利用口鼻把面部分为左右的脸谱;“碎脸”是三块瓦脸的变种，其分界边缘花形极大，破坏了原有的轮廓。这里可先音译成汉语拼音，再在括号内加以解释说明。
4.形状各异的:即“不同形状的”，可译为in various shapes或in different shapes。
5.丑角:翻译为Chou actors，同样地，括号内可以加注解(Clown)。
6.勾勒:翻译为outline。
在中国，酒(white spirit)作为一种特殊的文化形式，有着5000多年的历史。确超所著的《杯里春秋》(The Spring and Autumn in the Cup)—书认为，喝酒有点像学问，而不是大吃大喝。中国历史上有很多关于酒的故事。唐代伟大诗人李白可以“斗酒诗百篇”，喝得越多，他的诗就作得越好。在中国民俗中，酒有着极其重要的地位。不论是君王还是平民，都用烈酒(spirit)庆祝各个节日、婚礼、生日聚会，纪念逝者，为亲友接风或送行，庆贺好消息，摆脱焦虑和治疗疾病以求长寿。
参考译文:
White spirit，as a special form of Chinese culture,has a history of more than 5,000 years. According tothe book The Spring and Autumn in the Cup by LinChao，white spirit drinking is
something of learningrather than eating and drinking. There are manystories about white spirit in Chinese history. The great poet Li Bai in the Tang Dynasty could“write 100 poems after drinking white spirit”，and the more white spirit he drank, the better hispoem would be. White spirit plays an extremely important role in Chinese folk custom. Spiritsare used to celebrate different festivals，wedding ceremonies and birthday parties，tomemorize the departed，to welcome and send off relatives and friends, to congratulate thegood news and to get rid of anxiety，to cure diseases and prolong life，both for emperorsand ordinary people.
1.有点像学问:可译为be something of learning。这里besomething of意为“有点像”，例如He is something of amusician.(他有点像音乐家)。
2.而不是大吃大喝:可译为rather than eating anddrinking。其中“而不是”用rather than表达更简洁，也可用instead of。
3.斗酒诗百篇:即“喝完酒后能写100首诗”，可译为write100 poems after drinking white spirit。
4.有着极其重要的地位:可译为plays an extremely important role in…
5.各个节日、婚礼、生日聚会:可译为different festivals，wedding ceremonies and birthday parties。
6.为亲友接风或送行:“接风”即“欢迎”，故此处可译为welcome and send off relatives and friends。其中send off意为“送行”，也可用 see sb off 为某人送行”。
四、丝绸之路
请将下面这段话翻译成英文：
丝绸之路(the Silk Road)是中国古代最著名的贸易路线。在这条路上运输的商品中，丝绸占很大部分，因此得名“丝绸之路”。丝绸之路起点始于长安。终点远达印度、罗马等国家。丝绸之路从汉代开始形成，到唐代达到鼎盛，骆驼曾是丝绸之路上的主要交通工具。中国的造纸、印刷等伟大发明通过这条路传播到了西方，而佛教等宗教也被引入中国。丝绸之路不仅仅是古代国际贸易路线，更是连接亚洲、非洲、欧洲的文化桥梁。
参考译文：
The Silk Road is the most well-known trade route in ancient China. It got its name because silk comprised a large proportion of commodities transported along this road. The Silk Road extended from Chang'an to countries as far as India and Rome. It came into being during the Han Dynasty and reached its peak in the Tang Dynasty. With camels being the major means of transportation, great inventions in China, such as paper-making and printing were spread to the Western world along this road and religions like Buddhism were also introduced to China. The Silk Road was not only an ancient international trade route, but also a cultural bridge linking Asia with Africa and Europe.
五、人民币升值
请将下面这段话翻译成英文：
受到中国经济内部动力(dynamics)和外来压力的共同影响，人民币近几年来不断升值
(appreciate)。内部影响主要有中国物价水平、通货膨胀状况、经济增长状况以及利率水平，外部影响主要来自发达国家施加的压力，尤其是日本和美国。人民币升值会增加人民币的购买力，扩大国内消费者对进口产品的需求，还可以减轻进口能源和原料的成本负担。但它会影响国内金融市场的稳定，使出口产品的成本上升，从而降低中国产品在国际市场上的竞争力。 参考翻译:
Influenced jointly by internal dynamics of Chineseeconomy and external pressures, RMB
hasappreciated constantly in recent years. Theinternal influences mainly include China's pricelevel, the situations of inflation and economicgrowth, as well as interest rate level, while the external influences mainly come from thepressures exerted by developed countries, Japan and America in particular. The appreciationof RMB will not only increase its purchasing power and expand
domestic consumers' demandsfor imported goods, but also alleviate the cost burden of imported energies and raw materials.However, it may affect the stability of the domestic financial market and raise the cost ofexported products, which would reduce the competitive power of Chinese products in theglobal market.
1.第一句“人民币近几年来不断升值”，时态要采用现在完成时，表示已经发生并且还在持续。“受到的共同影响”可采用过去分词作状语，译为influenced jointly by...。
2.第二句由两部分组成，第一部分叙述内部影响，第二部分叙述外部影响，可用while进行连接，表示对比。修饰“压力”的定语“来自发达国家施加的”较长，可后置用过去分词exertedby developed countries表取;也可译为定语从句whichare exerted by...。
3.在“人民币升值会增加…能源和原料的成本负担”中，主语为“人民币升值”，谓语动词有三个：“增加”“扩大”和“减轻”，可以用not only... but also...衔接，体现隐含的递进关系。
4.最后一句由三个分句组成，其中“从而降低…”可以理解成前面内容造成的结果，因此在翻译时可以将此层逻辑关系表达出来，用which引导的非限制性定语从句补充说明结果。
六、中国古代神话
尽管中国古代神话(mythology)没有十分完整的情节，神话人物也没有系统的家谱
(genealogy)，但它们却有着鲜明的东方文化特色，其中尤为显著的是它的尚德精神(the spirit of esteeming virtue)。这种尚德精神在与西方神话特别是希腊神话比较时，显得更加突出。在西方神话尤其是希腊神话中，对神的褒贬标准多以智慧、力量为准则，而中国古代神话对神的褒贬则多以道德为准绳。这种思维方式深植于中国的文化之中。几千年来，这种尚德精神影响着人们对历史人物的品评与现实人物的期望。
【参考译文】
Although ancient Chinese mythology does not have relatively complete plot and mythological figures don't have systematic genealogy, they have distinct features of oriental culture, among which the spirit of esteeming virtue is particularly significant.When compared with Western
mythology, especially Greek mythology, this spirit of esteeming virtue is even more prominent.In Western mythology, especially Greek mythology,the criteria for judging whether a god is good or not are mostly the god's wisdom and strength,while in ancient Chinese mythology, the criterion lies in morality. This way of thinking is deeply rooted in Chinese culture.For thousands of years,
《孙子兵法》（The Art of War）是中国古代最重要的一部军事著作之一，是我国优秀传统文化的重要组成部分。孙子（Sun Tzu），即该书的作者，在书中揭示的一系列具有普遍意义的军事规律，不仅受到军事家门的推崇，还在经济领域、领导艺术、人生追求甚至家庭关系等诸多方面，具有广泛的指导作用。《孙子兵法》中的许多名言警句（epigram），富有哲理，意义深远，在国内外广为流传。如今，《孙子兵法》已被翻译成多种语言，在世界军事史上也具有重要的地位。
The Art of War is one of the most important ancient Chinese military literary works, and serves as an important part of outstanding traditional culture in China. Sun Tzu, the author of the book, revealed a series of universal military laws which are not only valued by militarists but also play an extensive guiding role in several fields such as economy, art of leadership, the pursuit of life and even family relationship. There are a lot of famous saying and epigrams in The Art of War that are rich in wisdom and have profound meanings and are thus widely circulated both at home and abroad. Nowadays The Art of War has been translated into many languages and it also plays an important role in the military history of the world.
2012年12月
京剧
京剧（Peking Opera）已有200多年的历史，是中国的国剧。与其他地方戏相比，京剧享有更高的荣誉，但其实京剧融合了多种地方戏的元素。京剧演员的脸谱（facial make-up）和戏服都很精美，相比之下舞台布景则十分简单。表演者主要应用四种技能：唱、念、做、打。京剧较擅长于表现历史题材的政治、军事斗争，故事大多取自于历史演义和小说话本（historic and fictional stories）。在古代，京剧大多是在户外演出的，因此演员们形成了一种有穿透力的唱腔，以便每个人都能听到。
Peking Opera, as the national opera of China, has a history of more than 200 years. Compared with other Chinese local operas,Peking Opera enjoys a higher reputation; but actually it absorbed many elements of other local operas. The facial make-up and costumers of the performs are very delicate; by contrast, the backdrops are quiet plain. During performance, the performers mainly utilize four skills: song, speech, dance, and combat. Peking Opera is better at performing political and military struggle with historic and the performed stories are mainly from historic and fictional stories. In ancient times, Peking Opera, was mostly performed in the open air, so the performers developed a piercing style of song that could be heard by everyone.
中国卫生监督部门决定在未来三到五年之内建立一个全国性的网络，用以监测空气污染对人类健康的影响。这一目标于国家卫生和计划生育委员会(National Health and Family Planning Commission )针对空气污染的一份工作文件中披露，根据这份文件，该网络将搜集不同地区空气中的PM2.5数据和主要空气污染物浓度变化的数据。这将为分析和评估空气污染对健康的影响提供数据支持。这一文件提到，缺乏长期而系统的监测使国家无法揭示空气污染和人类健康之间的联系。
China’s health watchdog has decided to set up a national network to monitor the impact air pollution on human’s health within the coming three to five years. The goal was revealed in a work document on air pollution released by National Health and Family Planning Commission. According to the document, the network will gather data on PM2.5 in the air in different regions and the density changes of main air pollutants. That will provide data support for the analysis and evaluation of the impact of air pollution on health. The document noted that lack of long-term and systematic monitoring prevented the country from uncovering the link between air pollution and human’s health.
2013年12月第一套
中国人自古以来就在中秋时节庆祝丰收。这与北美地区庆祝感恩节的习俗十分相似。过中秋节的习俗于唐代早期在中国各地开始流行。中秋节在农历八月十五，是人门拜月的节日。这天夜晚皓月当空，人们合家团聚，共赏明月。2006年，中秋节贝类为中国文化遗产，2008年又被定位公共假日。月饼被视为中秋节不可或缺的美食。人们将月饼作为礼物馈赠亲友或在家庭聚会上享用。传统的月饼上带有“寿（longevity）”、“福”或“和”等字样。
Since ancient times, Chinese people have celebrated their harvest during mid-autumn, which is quite similar to the custom of celebrating Thanksgiving Day in North America. The custom of celebrating Mid-Autumn Festival started gaining its popularity in the early Tang Dynasty around China. The Mid-Autumn Festival ,celebrated on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month, is a festival for Chinese people to worship the moon. During the night of the day when the bright moon is shining in the sky, there will be family reunions and family members will enjoy the bight moon together. In 2006, the Mid-Autumn Festival was listed as a Chinese cultural heritage, and in 2008, it was designated as a public holiday. The moon cake is seen as the indispensable fine food for the Mid-Autumn Festival. People send moon cakes as gifts to their relatives and friends or they eat moon cakes at family gatherings. Traditional moon cakes are imprinted with Chinese characters conveying such meanings as “longevity”, “blessing”or “harmony”.
2013年12月第三套
闻名于世界的丝绸之路是一系列连接东西方的路线。丝绸之路延伸6000多公里，得名于中国古代的丝绸贸易。丝绸之路上的贸易在中国、南亚、欧洲和中东文明发展中发挥了重要的作用。正式通过丝绸之路，中国的造纸、火药、指南针、印刷术这四大发明才被引介到世界各地。同样，中国的丝绸、茶叶和瓷器(porcelain)也传遍全球。物质文化的交流是双向的，欧洲也通过丝绸之路出口各种商品和植物，满足中国市场的需求。
The word-famous Silk Road refers to a series of routes that connect the East and the West. The Silk Road extends for over 6,000 kilometers and derived its name from ancient China’s silk trade. The trades that occurred on the Silk Road played an important role in the development process of the civilization of China, South Asia, Europe and the Middle East. It is by way of the Silk Road that China’s four great inventions, namely paper-making, powder, compass and printing technology, were introduced to all over the word. Similarly, Chinese silk, tea and porcelain also spread to the whole word. Material and cultural exchanges are two-ways, for Europe also satisfied the demands of Chinese market by exporting various commodities and plants to China through the Silk Road.
2013年12月第二套
中国园林（the Chinese garden）是经过三千多年演变而成的独具一格的园林景观（landscape）。它既包括为皇室成员享乐而建造的大型花园，也包括学者、商人和卸任的政府官员为摆脱嘈杂的外部世界而建造的私家花园。这些花园构成了一种意在表达人与自然之间应有的和谐关系的微缩景观。典型的中国园林四周有围墙，园内有池塘、假山（rock-work）、树木、花草以及各种各样由蜿蜒的小路和走廊连接的建筑。漫步在花园中，人们可以看到一系列精心设计的景观犹如山水画卷（scroll）一般展现在面前。
The Chinese garden is a unique landscape in virtue of evolution of more than three thousand years. It includes not only the large gardens built by the royal family for enjoyment, but also the private ones built by scholars, businessmen and former government officials for getting rid of the hustle and bustle of the outside world. These gardens constitute a kind of miniaturized landscape which aims at displaying the due harmonious relationship between human and nature. Typical Chinese gardens are surrounded by walls. In the gardens there are ponds, rock-works, trees, flowers and plants, and various architectures that are connected by winding paths or corridors. When rambling in the gardens, people can enjoy a series of elaborately designed landscapes which are presented in front of them like a landscape painting scroll.
2014年6月
北京计划未来三年投资7,600亿元治理污染，从减少PM2.5排放入手。这一新公布的计划旨在减少四种主要污染源，包括500多万辆机动车的尾气（exhaust）排放、周边地区燃煤、来自北方的沙尘暴和本地的建筑灰尘。另有850亿元用于新建或升级城市垃圾处理和污水（sewage）处理设施，加上300医院投资未来三年的植树造林（forestation）。
市政府还计划建造一批水循环利用工厂，并制止违章建筑，以改善环境。另外，北京还将更严厉地处罚违反限排规定的行为。
Beijing has planned to invest 760 billion yuan to tackle pollution in coming three years, starting from reducing the PM2.5 emissions. The newly released plan is aimed at reducing four major pollution sources, including the exhaust emissions from more than 5 million motor vehicles, the burning of coals in the surrounding areas, the sandstorms from the North and the local construction dusts. Another 85 billion yuan will be used to build or upgrade the facilities for treatment of urban garbage and sewage and additional 30 billion yuan will be invested in forestation in the next three years.
The municipal government also plans to set up a group of water recycling factories and curb peccancy buildings in order to improve the environment. In addition, Beijing will punish more severely the behaviors that violate the regulations of emission limitation.
2015年6月英语六级翻译真题答案汇总
试卷一：中国宴席
题目：
中国传统的待客之道要求饭菜丰富多样，让客人吃不完。中国宴席上典型的菜单包括开席的一套凉菜及其后的热菜，例如肉类、鸡鸭、蔬菜等。大多数宴席上，全鱼被认为是必不可少的，除非已经上过各式海鲜。如今，中国人喜欢把西方特色菜与传统中式菜肴融于一席，因此牛排上桌也不少见。沙拉也已流行起来，尽管传统上中国人一般不吃任何未经烹饪的菜肴。宴席通常至少有一道汤，可以最先上或最后上桌。甜点和水果通常标志宴席的结束。
参考答案：
The traditional Chinese hospitality requires food diversity, so that guests will be full before eating up all the dishes. A typical Chinese banquet menu includes cold dishes served at the beginning, followed by hot dishes, such as meat, poultry, vegetables, etc. At most banquets, the whole fish is considered to be essential, unless various kinds of seafood have been served already. Today, Chinese people would like to combine Western specialties with traditional Chinese dishes. Therefore, it is not rare to see steak being served as well. Salad is gaining popularity, although traditionally the Chinese people generally do not eat any food without cooking. There is usually at least a bowl of soup, served at the beginning or in the end of the dinner party. Desserts and fruit usually mark the end of the feast.
【重点词汇总结】
待客之道 hospitality
中国宴席 Chinese banquet【英语六级翻译】
菜单 menu
开席 open seats
凉菜 cold dishes
热菜 hot food
全鱼 a whole fish
海鲜 seafood
特色菜 specialty
传统中式菜肴 traditional Chinese dishes
牛排 the steak
沙拉 salad
烹饪 cooking
一道汤 a soup
甜点 the dessert
试卷二：中国城市化
题目：
2011年是中国城市化（urbanization）进程中的历史性时刻，其城市人口首次超过农村人口。在未来20年里，预计有3.5亿农村人口将移居城市。如此规模的城市发
展对城市交通来说既是挑战，也是机遇。中国政府一直提倡“以人为本”的发展理念，强调人们以公交而不是私家车出行。它还号召建设“资源节约和环境友好型”社会。有了这个明确的目标，中国城市就可以更好地规划其发展，并把大量投资转向安全、清洁和经济型交通系统的发展上。
参考答案：
The 2011 is a historic moment in Chinese urbanization process, when the urban population surpassed the rural population for the first time. During the next 20 years, it is estimated that about 350 million rural population will move to cities. Such large-scale of urbanization is both a challenge and an opportunity to the urban traffic. The Chinese government has always been advocating “people-oriented” developing concept, emphasizing that people should travel by buses instead of by private cars. It also calls for the construction of “resource saving and environment friendly” society. With this explicit goal, China can have a better-planned urbanization process, and therefore divert more investment to the development of safe, clean and economical transportation system.
【重点词汇总结】
城市化 urbanization
进程 process
历史性时刻 a historic moment
城市人口 the urban population
农村人口 the rural population
超过 surpass
预计 it is estimated that
移居城市 move to cities
(大)规模 large-scale
城市交通 the urban traffic
提倡 advocate
“以人为本” people-oriented
强调 emphasize
私家车 private cars
“资源节约和环境友好型” resource saving and environment friendly
明确的目标 explicit goal
转向 divert
安全、清洁和经济型交通系统 safe, clean and economical transportation system
试卷三：汉朝
题目：
汉朝是中国历史上最重要的朝代之一，汉朝统治期间有很多显著的成就。它最先向其他文化敞开大门，对外贸易兴旺。汉朝开拓的丝绸之路通向了中西亚乃至罗马。各类艺术一派繁荣，涌现了很多文学历史哲学巨著公元100年中国第一部字典编撰完成，收入9000个字，提供释义并列举不同的写法。期间科技方面也取得很大进步。发明纸张水中日晷(sundials)，以及测量地震的仪器。汉朝经历了四百年，但统治者的腐败导致了它的灭亡。
参考答案：
The Han Dynasty is one of the most significant dynasties in the history of China and it attained lots of remarkable achievements during the reign. The Han Dynasty is the first in opening its door to other cultures, with the foreign trade prosperous. The Silk Road exploited in Han Dynasty lead to the central and west part of Asia, even Rome. The schools of art also present a state of flourish, springing up lots of monumental works in literature, history and philosophy. The first dictionary in China was compiled and finished in 100 A.D., which not only contains nine thousand Chinese characters, but also offers paraphrases and examples of different writing skills. Science and technology also made much progress during this period. People invented water clock, sundials and the instruments that can predict the earthquake. The Han Dynasty witnessed four hundred years and went to doom because of governors’ decadent.
【重点词汇总结】
汉朝 The Han Dynasty
统治 reign
显著的 remarkable
对外贸易 foreign trade
兴旺 prosperity
开拓 exploit
丝绸之路 the Silk Road
罗马 Rome
艺术流派 schools of art
巨著 monumental work
编撰 compile
释义 paraphrase
水钟 water clock
腐朽 decadent
灭亡 doom
翻译练习
1、
【原文】
长城是世界一大奇迹。现在，每年都有几百万人到长城游览。在旺季，几处最著名的景点总是让成群结队的游客挤得水泄不通。中国人修筑长城的历史久远，可以追溯到战国时期(Warring State period)。历史上，中国共修过大约20座长城。在所有这些长城中，明长城最长，达到6700公里。在当时，中国技术在世界上处于领先地位，因此明长城的结构也是最复杂的。明长城的修筑是为了抵御北方游牧民族的入侵。
【译文】
The Great Wall is a wonder of the world. Now, millions of people journey to the Great Wall each year, making its most popular sites besieged by hordes of tourists during busy season. The Chinese have a long history of building walls, dating from the Warring State period. In history, about 20 walls were built, with the wall constructed during the Ming Dynasty being the longest, extending 6700km. China was the most technology advanced nation in the world then, so the wall was also the most sophisticated in structure. It was built to ward off the invasion of nomads from the north.
【点拨】
1. “长城是世界一大奇迹”翻译为“the Great Wall is a wonder of the world”。奇迹在英语中一般用wonder。在最著名的the seven wonders of the world(世界七大奇迹)中，长城也是其中之一。
2. 旺季 busy seasons
旺季就是热销的季节，生意也就特别忙活，所以这里用“忙活的季节”来翻译，可以体现出译者的变通能力。淡季可相应翻译为slack seasons。【英语六级翻译】
3. 成群结队 hordes of tourists
Horde大群人，还可译成“a huge crowd/throng”。
4. 现在，每年都有几百万人到长城游览。在旺季，几处最著名的景点总是让成群结队的游客挤得水泄不通。Now, millions of people journey to the
Great Wall each year, making its most popular sites besieged by hordes of tourists during busy season.
这里要用合句翻译法，把原文中的第二句译成第一句的伴随状语。即把原文中两个有一定关系的简单句合为一个句子，且句意不变。
5. 追溯 dating from
常用来表示“追溯”的短语还有：date back to。
2、
【原文】
中国位于亚洲东部，是世界上人口最多的国家。中国是世界四大文明古国之一，拥有大量的中华文化光辉的古迹，此外，中国地大物博，拥有茂密的森林、雄伟壮丽的瀑布、秀丽的湖泊以及如利剑直插云霄的山峰，所有这些都令世界各国人民神往。但是，更重要的是，中国以拥有五千多年的历史而自豪，遗留下无数的历史文物，其中包括珍贵珠宝、古迹名胜、宫殿及数不尽的雄伟建筑，令人惊叹不已。这种种原因都促使中国成为许多人梦寐以求的旅游胜地。 翻译词汇：
四大文明古国 the four countries that have an ancient civilization 地大物博 vast territory with abundant natural resources 雄伟壮丽的瀑布 magnificent waterfalls
秀丽的 majestic and beautiful
利剑 sword
古迹 historical remains
以„而自豪 boast
无数的 innumerable
历史文物 historical relics
古迹名胜 historic sites and scenic spots
建筑 edifice
精彩译文：
China lies in the east of Asia and it has the largest population in the world. China is also one of the four countries in the world that have an ancient civilization, Besides, it has a vast territory with such abundant natural resources as dense forests, magnificent waterfalls, majestic and beautiful rivers and lakes, and mountains whose peaks reach high into the sky like swords. All these make China a singularly attractive place to tourists around
the world. But, most importantly, China boasts a history of over five thousand years with innumerable historical relics left over from the long past, such as priceless pearls and jewels, historic sites and scenic spots, palaces and edifices of architectural richness, all of which have won people’s admiration. You are sure to find great enjoyment from all these attractions in China, a much-admired dream land.
3、
【原文】
如今，中国正步入老龄化社会，因此独生子女一代面临着巨大的工作和生活压力。中国政府开始适当调整计划生育政策，允许一些家庭在特殊情况下生育二胎。但调查显示，很多夫妻迫于不断加重的经济压力，放弃生育二胎。因此，要从根本上解决老龄化的问题不能依靠出生率的上升，最有效的办法是建立有效的社会保障制度。
【翻译词汇】 步入 step into
老龄化社会 aging society
独生子女一代 the only-child generation
巨大的 enormous
调整 adjust
计划生育政策 the family planning policy
在特殊情况下 under certain circumstances
由于，迫于 due to
放弃 abandon 依靠 rely on
出生率 birth rate
有效的 effective
社会保障制度 social security system
【精彩译文】
Nowadays, China is stepping into the aging society. Therefore, the only-child generation is facing enormous pressure both from work and life. The Chinese government has begun to adjust the familyplanning policy and allows some families to have a second child under certain
circumstances. However, the survey shows thatsome couples abandon to have a second child due to the increasing financial burden. Thus, in order to solve the aging problem,the basic thing is not relying on the increase of birth rate. The best solution is to establish an effective social security system.
4、
【原文】
中国的官方语言普通话在美国的学校中突然热起来。由于中国经济在21世纪的快速发展，美国的公立和私立学校纷纷在外语课程中加入汉语这一科目，或将已有的汉语教学项目进行扩展。据统计，在美国的学校中，有5万名孩子在学习汉语。但推动汉语项目的发展不是没有遇到困难。由于缺乏受过专业训练、持有证书的教师，一些学校很难加入汉语教学的竞争。当学校聘用教师时，它们通常直接从中国招聘，这种方式为文化冲突埋下了隐患。
【翻译词汇】
官方语言 official language
普通话 Mandarin
快速的 rapid 课程 curriculum (pl.curricula)
已有的 in place
缺乏 shortage
受过专业训练 professionally trained
证书 certificate
招聘 recruit
文化冲突 culture clash
【精彩译文】
Mandarin, the official language of China, is suddenly hot in American schools. With the rapid development of China’s economy in the 21th century,both public and private schools in America are scrambling to add Mandarin to their curricula of foreign languages or expandingChinese language programs already in place.
By some estimates, as many as 50 000 children nationwide are taking Mandarinin American schools. To develop Chinese-language programs has met some difficulties. A shortage of professionally trained teachers with certificates has madeit difficult for some schools to join the competition. When schools need to employ teachers, they often recruit them fromChina directly, which is a hidden trouble for culture clash.
5、
【原文】
故宫，又名紫禁城，为明清共二十四位皇帝统治中国近500年的皇宫。它位于北京市中心，在天安门广场的北侧，形状为长方形。南北长960米，东西宽750米，占地72公顷，总建筑面积达15万平方米。故宫是世界上现存规模最大、最完整的古代木构宫殿。它分为外朝和内廷两部分，外朝是皇帝上朝处理国家大事的地方，内廷是皇帝和皇室的居住地。1987年，故宫被联合国教科文组织列入世界文化遗产。
翻译词汇：
故宫 the Imperial Palace
紫禁城 the Forbidden City
天安门广场 Tian’anmen Square
长方形 rectangular
建筑面积 floor space
现存 in existence
上朝 give audience
处理 handle
世界文化遗产 World Cultural Heritage
精彩译文：
The Imperial Palace, also called the Forbidden City was the palace where the 24 emperors of the Ming and Qing Dynasties ruled China for roughly 500 years. The Imperial Palace is located in the center of Beijing, on the northern
2015年12月英语六级翻译练习：黄鹤楼
“故人西辞黄鹤楼，烟花三月下扬州”的诗句，我们从小就耳熟能详了，而诗句里的“黄鹤楼”也更是被誉为“天下江山第一楼”。数百年来，众多文人墨客来到这里，为其舞文弄墨。
请将下面这段话翻译成英文：
黄鹤楼（Yellow Crane Tower）位于湖北省武汉市蛇山（Snake Hill），享有“天下江山第一楼”之称。它是江南最著名的塔楼之一。由于地理位置优越，孙权将黄鹤楼建成军队瞭望塔（watchtower）。数百年来，其军事用途逐渐被遗忘，而主要被当做风景如画的景点欣赏。唐代有许多脍炙人口的诗篇赞美黄鹤楼。正是这些诗，黄鹤楼才能如此著名，吸引人们前来参观。不同朝代，黄鹤楼有不同的建筑特色。然而，今天的黄鹤楼是基于淸朝塔楼建造的。
参考译文：
Located on Snake Hill in Wuhan, Hubei Province, Yellow Crane Tower is enjoying the fame of "The First Scenery under Heaven". It is one of the most famous towers at the south of the Yangtze River. Due to the ideal location, it was built by Sun Quan, Emperor of Wu, as a watchtower for his army. After hundreds of years,its military function was gradually forgotten and the tower served mainly as a picturesque spot. During the Tang Dynasty, many popular poems were written in praise of the Yellow Crane Tower. It was these poems that made the tower so renowned and attractive for people to visit. The tower had different architectural features in different dynasties. However, the tower which stands today is based on the one designed during the Qing Dynasty.
词句点拨
1.位于湖北省武汉市蛇山：可译为Located on Snake Hill in Wuhan，在句中作状语，表明黄鹤搂的位置。
2.天下江山第一楼：可译为The First Scenery under Heaven.
3.脍炙人口的诗篇：即“流行的诗篇”，故译为popular poems.
21世纪，网络的兴起，成就了网络经济。如今，网络经济的规模越来越大，用户也越来越多。但是网络经济的兴盛绝不意味着传统经济的瓦解，因为，网络经济是依附于传统经济而存在的。
请将下面这段中文翻译成英文：
21世纪被人们称为“网络称雄”的时代，网络空间（cyberspace）将是本世纪重要的战略资源。网络经济对传统经济理论产生了重大影响，甚至改变着传统经济学中的许多理论。网络经济具有明显的规模效应，规模越大，用户越多，产品越具有标准性，所带来的商业机会就越多，其效益就越大，但是网络再神奇，它也不能脱离传统经济而独立存在。脱离了传统经济，网络经济就成了无水之源、无本之木。
参考译文：
The 21st century is named as the era of "Internet as the king". Cyberspace will be an important strategic resource in this century.Network economy has great influence on the traditional economic theories and even changes them.Network economy has obvious scale effect. A greater scale promises more clients, products of more standard level, more business opportunities and thus much more interests. No matter how miraculous the Internet is, it cannot exist independently without traditional economy. Without traditional economy,network economy will be like the fountain without water and the trees without roots, which will not make a sustainable development.
词句点拨
1.网络称雄：可译为Internet as the king.
2.网络经济：可译为network economy.
3.对…产生了重大影响：文中译为has great influence on.
4.网络经济具有明显的规模效应，规模越大，用户越多，产品越具有标准性，所带来的商业机会就越多，其效益就越大：可译为A greater scale promises more clients, products of more standard level, more business opportunities and thus much more interests.
5.网络再神奇：即“无论网络多么神奇”，故可译为No matter how miraculous the Internet is…
几百年前，北宋著名文学家范仲淹为重修岳阳楼提文一篇，名曰《岳阳楼记》，从此，“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”与湖南岳阳楼一起名扬天下。
请将下面这段中文翻译成英文：
岳阳楼（Yueyang Tower）矗立在湖南
本文来源：http://www.gbppp.com/jd/438203/
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