【www.gbppp.com--经典美文】
2012年9月高级口译考试真题+答案+解析（完整版）
Spot Dictation：
Hunger and food insecurity have been called America’s “hidden crisis.” At the same time, and apparently paradoxically, obesity has been declared a serious epidemic. Both obesity and hunger (and, more broadly, food insecurity) are serious public health problems, sometimes co-existing in the same families and the same individuals. Their existence sounds contradictory, but those with insufficient resources to purchase adequate food can still be overweight, for reasons that researchers now are beginning to understand.
The apparent paradox of expanding wastelands and persistent hunger and food insecurity in America is driven in part by the economics of buying food. Households without money to buy enough food first change their purchasing in eating habits, relying on cheaper high-calorie foods over more expensive neutral rich foods before they cut back on the amount of food. In order to cope with limited money for food and to stave off hunger, families try to maximize calories-intake for each dollar spent, which can lead to over-consumptions of calories and a less healthful diet.
Research among low-income families shows that mothers first sacrifice their own nutrition by restricting their food intake during periods of food insufficiency in order to protect their children from hunger. The resulting chronic ups and downs in food intake can contribute, over the long run, to obesity among low-income women.
Dr. Larry Brown, executive director of the Center on Hunger and Poverty, reported, "A growing body of research shows that hunger and obesity pose a dual threat for some people. We need to better understand this relationship if our nation is to grapple with these parallel threats to the well-being of Americans. We particularly need to avoid damaging policy prescriptions that assume hunger and obesity cannot coexist."
Renowned food experts and scientists call for a reform agenda to address both hunger and obesity. According to James Wells, president of the Food Research and Action Center, an agenda that seriously tackles hunger and obesity among the poor must address their common roots. Those roots include food insecurity and the impact of poverty. One answer is increased access to income supports and nutrition programs so that more families have sufficient resources to obtain healthier diets.
评析：本文选自《The Paradox of Hunger and Obesity in America》和《Hunger, obesity: two sides of same coin.》，命题者对两篇文章的内容进行了节选和组合，组成了一篇听写段落。本文属于社会经济类文章，介绍了hunger和obesity的“共存”和 “矛盾”方面的问题。文章的整体难度不是太大，涉及到obesity，agenda，food insecurity，coexist，paradox，calories，nutrition等相关词汇也是高口常见的词汇，但考生要注意文章中长句子 的拆分，抓住句子的主干及核心信息，尤其是一些关键词更应该听懂听清。另外，grapple等一些难度相对比较大的词要求考生在平时需要注意相关词汇的积 累，多读一些经济报刊类的文章。 Listening Comprehension 1
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation.
M: Do you come from a particularly musical family?
W: Not really, my family are farming people and my parents have always lived on farms. My oldest brother is a born farmer and my second brother works on a farm too, but he’s also got an office job to do with agriculture. And so they appreciate music, but they don’t really know much about classical, in inverted commas, that sort of things. They appreciate perhaps Scottish traditional music more and they like a good tune. And if they can trace a tune, and they can tap their feet tune or clap tune. They are quite happy, but they don’t know about Stravinsky or something like that. Then they are quite lost.
M: Why did you choose percussion? I mean, it’s not the obvious thing even for a musical student to choose.
W: No, but I liked it. I was always keen on percussion. Clarinet and percussion were my two instruments, and I like
the sheer variety. But I feel I was very much influenced by a local girl who played the xylophone. And she was absolutely brilliant. And I just said “gosh, I want to do that too.” But then I discovered that percussion didn’t just consist of xylophone, it consisted of a lot more and so I liked that as well. And so, that’s how it really all began. M: You started to play percussion quite young?
W: Yes, that’s when I was at secondary school at the age of 12. I had a bit of job actually, starting percussion. Because when you are a pupil at school, you all go through a music oral test, and which is done through a tape recorder. And you just listen and you write down answers, things like that. And afterwards, when I asked if I could play percussion, the obvious reaction of my teachers was “Well, look at these marks, they are not good”. But I said, “Well, really? I play the piano”. That was the only thing I could back myself up with. Until eventually he said, “Well, the percussion teacher happens to be at school today. Perhaps she might want to go through and see what he says”. And so the percussion teacher said, “Well, I can’t really see why she shouldn’t be playing percussion”. And so it’s really just gone from there. But at the time,they didn’t know that I was wearing hearing aids and this sort of thing. And so when I told them, their reaction was much different. You know what I mean?
M: They didn’t know that when they gave you the test?
W: Oh, no, and I refuse to tell anyone. Rightly or wrongly, I’m not sure. But certainly, that was the case. That’s how it all started really.
Questions:
1. Which type of family does the woman come from?
2. What kind of music does the woman say her family likes most?
3. Which of the following instruments does the woman play?
4. When did she start to play the musical instrument she’s talking about now?
5. Which of the following statements is true according to the conversation?
【解析】高口第一篇听力理解，主题是采访音乐人怎样开始play percussion的。文章难度中下，只有几个乐器名词和古典音乐人名，不影响理解。建议考生在听力过程中，多加留意题目的关键词语。 clarinet n. 单簧管；percussion n. 打击乐器；xylophone n. 木琴。
Listening Comprehension 2
Question 6 to 10 are based on the following news.
Washington, the United Sates
President Barack Obama is set to announce a $3billion plan to boost food security and farm productivity in Africa, US officials say.
They say the initiative is aimed at alleviating shortages as world food supplies are being stretched by rising demand in Asia's emerging markets. Food security is expected to be on the agenda of this weekend's G-8 meeting. The summit near Washington is being dominated by Europe's debt crisis and a possible Greek exit from the euro zone.
The head of the US Agency for International Development (USAID), Rajiv Shah, said the move shows the administration's commitment to boosting world food production as rising wealth in Asia drives consumption.
【文章大意】
文章讲述奥巴马政府投入三十亿美元刺激非洲的食品安全和生产。美国国籍开发署的领导人拉吉夫·沙阿称，随着亚洲经济推动着消费，政府的这一举动显示了对于促进世界粮食生产的承诺。
boost：v. 促进，增加
initiative：n. 倡议；主动权
alleviate：n. 减轻
agenda：n. 议程
Madrid, Spain
Spain's government called for calm Friday, a day after rating agency Moody's downgraded 16 Spanish banks in the latest sign of distress in Europe. Among those who saw their ratings lowered were the countries two largest banks. At a Cabinet meeting Friday, Spanish ministers agreed that the top priority regarding the economy is controlling the deficit.
The downgrades come amid rising concerns about the political and economic turmoil in Greece, and the potential ripple effect of that crisis on nations like Spain and Italy that are struggling with low growth and big debts.
Moreover, the real-estate crisis that began in 2008 is ongoing, and unemployment has risen to very high levels, with rising risks to white-collar employment affecting the outlook for banks' household lending.
【文章大意】
穆迪公司将16家西班牙银行的等级调低之后，西班牙内阁会议通过当前经济最紧要的是控制赤字。 top priority：当务之急
turmoil：n. 混乱
Sao Paulo, Brazil
President Dilma Rousseff plans to cut and simplify taxes for electricity producers, two senior officials told Reuters, as part of a strategy to reduce Brazil's high business costs and stimulate its struggling economy.
Brazil has been on the brink of recession since mid-2011 as high taxes, an overvalued exchange rate and other structural problems squeeze what had previously been one of the world's most dynamic emerging economies. Rousseff has in recent months announced targeted tax cuts for stagnant sectors such as the automotive industry, embracing an incremental approach to reform that has drawn criticism from investors who say more drastic changes are needed.
【文章大意】
这篇文章讲述巴西政府为企业减税从而刺激经济。
be on the brink：濒临
squeeze：v. 压榨
stagnant：adj. 停滞的；不景气的
drastic：adj. 激烈的；猛烈的
New York, the United States
Children from racial and ethnic minorities now account for more than half the births in the US, according to estimates of the latest US census data.
Black, Hispanic, Asian and mixed-race births make up 51% of new arrivals in the year ending in July 2011. It puts non-Hispanic white births in the minority for the first time.
Sociologists believe the ongoing economic slowdown has contributed to a greater decline in birth rates among white people.
The US Census Bureau recorded 2million babies born to minorities in the year to July 2011, just over half of all births, compared with 37% in 1990.
US birth rates have been declining, but the drop has been larger for white people.
The nation's minority population now makes up 36% of the total US population.
【文章大意】
本文的关键词是新生儿数量，通过一系列的数字分析，讲述了在经济危机下，美国的白人新生儿数量下滑。
【评析】
文章没有过多的生词，但要求考生需要把握对于数字的敏感度。
London, the United Kingdom
Oil prices slipped towards $107 a barrel on Friday as investors fled risky, growth-sensitive assets on fears that Greece would leave the euro, although short-covering provided some support for Brent.
Brent crude was down 16 cents to $107.33 a barrel after slipping to its lowest level for the year at
$106.40 earlier in the session.
Traders and analysts said short-covering was providing a floor for Brent futures, but the overall trend remains to the downside given the uncertainty over what will happen with Greece.
【文章大意】
文章讲述英国布伦特的原油价格下跌。
slip down：下滑
short-covering：空头回补
Questions:
6. Which of the following is not expected to be on the agenda of this weekend’s G-8 summit meeting near Washington?
7. After Moody lowered the ratings of Spanish banks, what is the top priority regarding the economy as agreed by Spanish ministers?
8. What dose Brazilian President plan to do to stimulate its struggling economy?
9. What can we know from the news about the new-born population in the United States?
10. At what price did Brent Crude Oil end Friday on London market?
Listening Comprehension 3
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following interview.
W: Mr Johnson, you have traveled to so many places in the world. Does travel necessarily open minds to other cultures?
M: I think travel is good in any capacity. I do hope that people who travel to other countries spend at least a little bit of time not travelling in an isolated kind of way. Over the last 2 or 3decades, travel whether in wildness or urban areas has become much more insular. When I travel, I tend to not bring very much baggage with me. Maybe just carry-on. I also know that where I am going, millions of people have lived for thousands of years. I know that I can survive there if they can survive.
W: With all the travelling you do, in what way is it still a pleasure for you?
M: I think it is important when you travel that you get on plateau a little bit. I think we try now with cell phones and Internet to stay connected all the time. I think some sort of disconnection from that for just a few days or week. Convenient hands travel. You don’t have to be connected every day. I also find when I move overseas for several weeks or month I’m not in touch with the news. I don’t see it or hear about it. I find when I come back to the states, nothing was changed very much. The reality is the news that we want to know every day, maybe doesn’t really matter after a few weeks or months. Life goes on.
W: Any favorite places that you’ve visited?
M: I love my home in Montana. My ancestors were homesteaders in Montana. And I have lived in Bosman since in 1995. I also like where I grew up in north Tanzania. I like the savanna and high plateau. I like the wild life. I do like few beaches, but mostly I’m a mountain person. I love the Karakoram Mountains in northern Pakistan. I also love the Pamir mountains in the Hindu Kush Range. The Karakoram is the greatest consolidation of high peaks in the world. I have a hard time picking a city I like a lot.
W: Any places still on your list?
M: My wife wants to go to Antarctica. I don’t have time in this lifetime. It takes too long. I want to go to northern Norwegian. It’s where my ancestors are from. Very beautiful rivers and seas. My ancestors were fishermen. I also want to go to Peru and Argentina in Andes.
W: What’re responsibilities do you think western travelers have to the places that they visit?
M: If you can go local even for a day, it’s fine if you have a package tour but spend at least one day a week doing
something a little different than what’s on the rest of your itinerary. Spend some time in the local cafe, get to know somebody, go visit a school. It’s uncomfortable for people at first but often people say that’s the most significant part of the trip. That will help the local economy.
Questions：
11. According to Mr. Johnson, which of the following statements applies to travelers in the past twenty or thirty years?
12. In what way is traveling a pleasure for Mr. Johnson?
13. Which of the following places does Mr. Johnson like most?
14. Which of the following places is not on Mr. Johnson’s traveling list?
15. According to Mr. Johnson, what should western travelers do when they visit places?
【解析】
本篇听力难度适中，中心话题是“商务人士的一个旅行访谈”。这个话题还是大家比较熟悉的，因此理解不难。主要谈到的几个方面如下：旅行的乐趣；最喜欢的目的地；不准备去的地方以及有关西方人旅行建议 但文中也出现了一些国名和地名。因此大家在平时英语学习中注意积累。不过听的过程中可以记下中文名称即可。
关键词：
carry-on随身行李
disconnected 不连通的，不联系的
Montana蒙大拿州
Tanzania 坦桑尼亚
Pakistan 巴基斯坦
savanna热带草原
Antarctic南极
ancestor祖先
itinerary 行程
Listening Comprehension 4
Question 16-20 are based on the following talk.
At the same time that Brokeback Mountain hits video store shelves, savvy computer users can download the entire movie legally. The Oscar-winning drama is the inaugural release of a new video-on-demand service from Movielink.
Five of the major Hollywood studios started the California-based company, Movielink, four years ago in 2008 to offer time-limited online rentals of feature films, but Movielink Chief Executive Officer Jim Ramo says purchasers can now own a downloaded digital copy to watch over and over again. He said, "What we've tried to do with our launch is having a great mix of Academy Award winners, blockbusters and classics. We have a little over 300 titles in all with our launch."
Of course, video pirates already have those options. Warner Brothers Home Entertainment president Kevin Tsujihara says the new plan provides a legal alternative to online theft estimated to cost the entertainment industry more than $4 billion annually. Movielink CEO Ramo says the company's experience with some 100,000 rental downloads per month demonstrates that illegal copying can be prevented.
With a high-speed connection, a full-length film takes about 90 minutes to download. The digital files are in Windows Media format and will only play on a PC. Purchasers can burn backup copies to DVD; however, those discs will not work on a standard DVD player. Mr. Ramo says that will change when copy protection protocols can be perfected. He also notes that the downloads will not work on Macintosh computers and suggests Apple, which pioneered video downloads through its iTunes site, may have its own film distribution plan in the works, perhaps
历年高级口译考题翻译部分精解
第一套
英译中 Since Darwin, biologists have been-firmly convinced that nature works without plan or meaning, pursuing no aim by the direct road of design. But today we see that this conviction is a fatal error. Why should evolution, exactly as Darwin knew it and described it, be planless and irrational? Do not aircraft design engineers work, at precisely that point where specific calculations and plans give out, according to the same principle of evolution, when they test the serviceability of a great number of statistically determined forms in the wind tunnel, in order to choose the one that functions best? Can we say that there is no process of natural selection when nuclear physicists, through thousands of computer operations, try to find out which materials, in which combinations and with what structural form, are best suited to the building of an atomic reactor? They also practise no designed adaptation, but work by the principle of selection. But it would never occur to anyone to call their method planless and irrational.
【参考译文】
达尔文以后的生物学家们一直相信，大自然的运行是没有计划没有意义的，不会按照预先设定的途径实现任何目的。但是，今天我们知道，这一看法是个严重的错误。为什么恰如达尔文所理解和描述的那样，进化就该是无计划和无理性的呢？飞机设计师们利用风洞检测根据统计数据制造的大量机体模型的耐用性能，在具体运算和计划不起作用的情况下，为选出功能最佳的设计，他们不也正是根据同样的进化原理进行工作的吗？核物理学家经过上万次的计算机运算，试图找出哪些材料，以怎样的结合方式，以及什么结构形式最适宜用于建造原子核反应堆，我们能够说这中间没有自然选择的过程么？他们进行的适应性调节也未经过事先设计，而是根据选择原理进行的。但是人们从未认为这种方法是无计划、无
中译英
1995年10月，黄浦江上又一座大桥凌空飞架，将浦南与奉贤连接起来，成为继徐浦、南浦、杨浦三座大桥之后建成通车的第四座大桥——奉浦大桥。
奉浦大桥是首座由地方筹资兴建的黄浦江大桥，奉贤县与市区有关部门和企业共同集资4.46亿元，仅用1年零7个月的时间即胜利建成。大桥的建成解决了长期困扰奉贤与浦南地区的过江问题，同时还改善了该地区的投资环境，为杭州湾北岸的开发、建设打下了良好的基础。
金秋10月的黄浦江畔，徐浦、南浦、杨捕、奉浦四座大桥沐浴着金秋阳光，各显神姿，交相辉映，为上海这座充满生机与魅力的国际大都市增添了更加夺目的风采。不久的将来，上海还将建造更多的过江设施，把浦江两岸更紧密地连结在一起。
【参考译文】
In October 1995, another bridge flew to span the Huangpu River, connecting Punan with Fengxian. It is Fengpu Bridge, the fourth bridge over the river open to traffic after the Xupu, Nanpu and Yangpu Bridge.Completed in 19 months, Fengpu Bridge is the first locally financed bridge over the river, with the funds of 446 million yuan raised by Fengxian County and departments and enterprises concerned in the municipal government. The completion of the bridge has solved the chronic problem of crossing the Huangpu River that bothered the residents in Fengxian and Punan and also improved the investment environment, which lays (thus laying) a solid foundation for the construction and development on the north bank of the Hangzhou Bay.
In the golder autumn of October, the Xupu, Nanpu, Yangpu.and Fengpu Bridges over the Huangpu River, bathed in the golden sunshine, show the disyinctive features and enhance each other’s magnificance, adding (which adds) more luster to Shanghai, a cosmopolis that is full of charm and vitality. In the near future, more cross-river facilities will be built in Shanghai to link closely areas on the two banks of the Huangpu River.
1
第二套
英译中 A commonplace criticism of American culture is its excessive preoccupation with material goods and corresponding neglect of the human spirit. Americans, it is alleged, worship only "the almighty dollar. " We scramble to "keep up with the Joneses. " The love affair between Americans and their automobiles has been a continuing subject of derisive commentary by both foreign and domestic critics. Americans are said to live by a quantitative ethic. Bigger is better, whether in bombs or sedans. The classical virtues of grace, harmony, and economy of both means and ends are lost on most Americans. As a result, we are said to be swallowing up the world's supply of natural resources, which are irreplaceable. Americans constitute 6 percent of the world's population but consume over a third of the world's energy. These are now familiar complaints. Indeed, in some respects Americans may believe the "pursuit of happiness" to mean the pursuit of material things.
【参考译文】
人们常常批评美国文化过分热衷于物质产品，却忽略了人的精神需求。他们说，美国人只崇拜―万能的美元‖。美国人会在生活上竞相攀比。美国人过分钟情于汽车，长期以来这称为国内外批评家的笑柄。美国人把数量作为衡量一切的标准，无论是炸弹还是轿车，总是越多越好。大多数美国人已经失去了彬彬有礼、和睦相处、量入为出的传统美德。因而美国人吞噬着世界上大量不可再生的自然资源。美国人占世界人口的百分之六，却消耗了世界上三分之一以上的能源。人们常常对此颇有怨言。的确，从某种程度上说，美国人可能信奉追求幸福就是追求物质享受。
中译英
太湖明珠无锡，位于江苏省南部，地处美丽富饶的长江三角洲中心地带。这里气候宜人，物产丰富，风景优美，是中国重点风景旅游城市。与万里长城齐名的古京杭大运河纵贯市区,泛舟河上，能领略水乡的民俗风情。
距市区七公里的太湖梅粱景区是太湖风景之精华，碧波万顷，渔帆点点，湖光山色令人陶醉。其中的鼋头渚巨石状如鼋头，远眺烟波浩渺的太湖，被诗人郭沫若誉为―太湖佳绝处‖。
【参考译文】
Wuxi, the pearl on the Taihu Lake, is located in southern Jiangsu Province in the center of the beautiful and fertile Yangtzi River Delta. With its mild climate, abundant resources and picturesque scenery, it is a key resort in China. The Grand Beijing-to-Hangzhou Canal running across the city is as well-known as the Great Wall. Boating along the river, you will be able to enjoy the local customs and lifestyles of the river-side towns. The Meiliang Scenic Area, 7 kilometers from the downtown area of the city, embodies the essence of beauty of the lake. You will be fascinated by the landscape of the lake and hills with numerous fishingboats dotting the vast blue waters. Among the scineic spots there, Yuantouzhu is a huge rock in the shape of a tortoise head. Overlooking the misty boundless lake, it is praised by Poet Guo Moruo as the best place of the Taihu Lake.
第三套
英译中’
The three sacred words ―duty‖, ―honor‖ and ―country‖ reverently dictate what you should be, what you can be, and what you will be. They urge you to build courage when courage seems to fail, to regain faith when there seems to be little cause for faith, to create hope when hope becomes abandoned. I am convinced that these words teach you to be proud and unbending in honest failure, but humble and gentle in success; not to substitute words for action; not to seek the path of comfort, but to face the stress of difficulty and challenge; to learn to stand up in the storm, but to have compassion on those who fall; to have a heart that is clean, a goal that is high; to learn to laugh, yet never forget how to weep, to reach into the future, yet never neglect the past; to be serious, 2
yet never take yourself too seriously; to be modest so that you will remember the simplicity of true greatness, the open mind of true wisdom, the meekness of true strength. In short, these words teach you to be both a militant fighter and a gentleman.
【参考译文】 “责任”、“荣誉”和“国家”这三个神圣的词庄严地责成你们应成为怎样的人，能成为怎样的人，将成为怎样的人。这三个词要求你们在失去勇气时鼓起勇气，在失去信念时恢复信念，在失去希望时产生希望。我认为，这些词教导你们在真正失败时要自尊自爱、不屈不挠，在成功时要谦和，不要以言代行，不要寻求安逸，而要面对困难和挑战的压力；要学会在风浪中傲然屹立，而对失败者应该予以同情；要有纯洁的心灵，要有崇高的目标；要能笑会哭；要走向未来，但不可忘记过去；要为人持重，但不可自命不凡；要谦虚，这样就会记住真正的伟大在于纯朴，真正的智慧在于开明，真正的刚毅在于温柔。简而言之，这些词教导你们在成为一名勇猛之士的同时，也要成为一位谦谦君子。
中译英
在一个极为漫长．的历史阶段中，人类只能通过音乐表演和口授来传播音乐。当人类发明了乐谱后，音乐便开始脱离表演而演变成“文字”得以记录和传播。然而，人类音乐传播的真正革命性里程碑的建立者无疑是科学家们。他们创造了令人叹为观止的音乐传播手段，从最早的机械“留声机”到今天五花八门的“电子媒体”。在20世纪诸多的音乐传播手段中，无线电广播的发明和发展对音乐的传播起了极为重要的作用。然而，高科技的高速发展也使我国广播音乐工作者在新世纪中面临着严峻的挑战。
【参考译文】
For a very long period of historical development, mankind could only pass on music though performance and oral instruction. When mankind invented musical scores, music started to break away from the boundaries of being merely a performing art, and develop into a system of ―written symbols‖ that can be recorded and spread. Undoubtedly, however, it was the scientists who should be crowned as the founders of the real revolutionary milestone of human musical communication. Scientists invented marvelous means of music transmission, beginning from the earliest mechanical ―record turntable‖ to today’s many kinds of ―electronic media‖. Among the numerous means of music transmission of the 20 century, the creation and development of radio broadcasting played an extremely important role in the industry of music transmission. Nevertheless, the rapid development of high technology has brought serious challenges to China’s radio music workers in the new century.
第四套
英译中
What a noble medium the English language is. It is not possible to write a page without experiencing positive pleasure at the richness and variety, the flexibility and the profoundness of our mother-tongue. If an English writer cannot say what he has to, say in English, and in simple English, it is probably not worth saying. What a pity that English is not more generally studied, I am not going to attack classical education. No one who has the slightest pretension to literary tastes can be insensible to its attraction. But I confess our present educational system excites in my mind grave misgivings, which I cannot believe is the best or even reasonable, a system that thrusts upon reluctant and uncomprehending multitudes treasures which can only be appreciated by the privileged and gifted few. To the vast majority of children who attend our public schools; classical education is from beginning to end long, useless and meaningless. If I am told that classical subjects are the best preparation for the study of English, I reply that by far this preparatory stage is incomplete and without deriving any of the benefits which are promised as its result.
【参考译文】
英语是一种多么神奇的工具！我们每写下一页，祖国语言的丰富多彩、灵便精深都让我们赞叹不已、喜不自禁。如果一个英语作家不能用英语，或者不能用简明的英语说出必须说的话，那么这些话也许就
3
不值得说。英语没有广泛地得到学习是何等憾事啊！我不是在攻击传统教育。任何人只要自称对文学有些许鉴赏力，就不可能对英语的魅力无动于衷。但我承认，我国目前的教育制度使人忧心忡忡。我认为这不是最好的制度，甚至不是合理的制度。因为这个制度所提供的文学作品，只能为少数特权人物和天才人物所欣赏，却不是普通大众喜闻乐见、能够欣赏的。对公立学校的广大学生来说，传统教育彻头彻尾地冗长无用、毫无意义。如果有人对我说，传统课程为学习英语打下了最好的基础，那我得说，迄今为止这个基础阶段还不完善，未能收到所期望的任何效果。
中译英
我国政府强化了对外贸的控管，强化了商会这类中介机构的服务与协调功能。我们希望继续加强外贸体制的改革，使之逐渐走向竞争；并受到诸如关税、汇率和利率等法律和经济手段的制约。所有这些都应有助于加速中国外贸的国际化进程，为宏观经贸局面的形成创造一个较好的环境，通过促进商贸业、制造业、农业、技术产业和银行之间更为密切的合作，我们能够为国际市场提供更多、更好的出口产品。在这种情况下，中国自然会成为一个大市场。
【参考译文】
Our government has stronger control over foreign trade, and strengthened the service and coordinating functions of such intermediary organizations as chambers of commerce. We hope to continue to strengthen reform in our foreign trade system in order to gradually open foreign trade to competition and to get it under control by both legal means and economic measures, such as tariffs, foreign exchange rates and interest rates. All this should help speed up the internationalization of China's foreign trade and create a better environment for bringing about a macro economic and trade prospect. By promoting a closer cooperation among business and trade communities, manufacturing industries, agriculture, technology industries and banks, we will be able to produce more and better export commodities for the international market. Given this situation, China is
第五套 英译中
A major source of anxiety about the future of the family is rooted not so much in reality as in the tension between the idealized expectation in the culture and the reality itself. Nostalgia for a lost family tradition, which, in fact, never existed, has prejudiced our understanding of the conditions of families in contemporary society. Thus, the current .anxiety over the fate of the family reflects not only problems in the family but also a variety of fears about other social problems that are eventually projected onto the family.
The real problem facing American families today are not symptoms of breakdown as is often suggested; rather, they reflect the difficulties of adaptation to recent social changes, particularly to the loss of diversity in household membership, to the reduction of the variety of family functions and, to some extent, to the weakening of the family adaptability. The idealization of the family as a refuge from the world and the myth that the work of mothers is harmful has added considerable strain. The continuous emphasis on the family as a universal private retreat and as an emotional haven is misguided in light of historical experience.
【参考译文】
人们对家庭的未来感到忧心忡忡，其根本原因不在于现实，而在于对文化的理想化期望与现实本身的冲突。由于怀念失落的家庭传统，我们在理解现代家庭状况时常存在着偏见，而实际上，这种家庭传统从未存在过。当前人们对家庭命运的担忧不仅仅反映出了家庭的问题，由于社会问题常常投射到家庭中，这种担忧也反映了人们对其他社会问题的种种忧虑。现在美国家庭面临的真正问题不是人们所常说的家庭崩溃的征兆，而是反映出美国家庭难以适应最近的社会变化，尤其是难以适应家庭规模缩小、家庭职能减少以及家庭适应能力越来越弱的现实。把家庭理想化为远离世界的避难所，或者错误地认为母亲工作对于家庭不利，使家庭承受了更大的压力。从过去的经验来看，一直强调家庭是个人和情感的避风港是有失偏颇的。
4
中译英
十月的上海，阳光明媚，秋高气爽，来自35个国家和地区的1300余名比赛选手参加了在沪举行的本世纪最后一届世界中学生运动会。
世界各国青少年在沪逗留的时间虽然短暂，但上海的风貌和中国的传统文化仍然给他们留下了深刻的印象。无论是参观矗立于浦江之畔的东方明珠电视塔，还是游览静卧一隅的城隍庙，他们都能感受到传统与现代的美妙结合。博大精深的中国传统文化让这些外国朋友感受到的是神秘和新奇，这种认知来自短暂的接触，但从此之后，他们不会忘记；有这样一个民族，生活在世界的东方。
【参考译文】
On the clear and crisp autumn days in Shanghai’s October, more than 1,300 participants from 35 countries and regions attended the last World Juvenile Games of the 20th century held in the city. Despite their short stay in Shanghai, the young people from various countries of the world are deeply impressed by Shanghai’s landscape and traditional Chinese culture. Whether visiting the Oriental Pearl Radio and Television Tower on the Huangpu River or the City God Temple in a quiet corner of the city, they marvel at the miraculous combination of tradition and modernity. The profound traditional Chinese culture struck those foreign youngsters as mysterious and novel. Their impression came from the short-time contact, but from then on, they will never forget such a nation in the East of the world.
第六套
英译中 Japan's once enviable jobless rate will soar to double-digit levels if—and the warning is a big one—firms opt for drastic Western-style layoffs to boost profits. While Japan's life-time employment system is visibly unravelling, many economists still doubt whether a scenario of soaring joblessness will occur, given that economic incentives to slash payrolls clash with social and political pressures to save jobs. A kinder, gentler approach to restructuring would soften the social instability many fear would result from doubling the jobless rate, already at a record high.
Critics believe it would also cap gains in profit margins and stifle economic vitality, especially in the absence of bold steps to open the door to new growth, industries. Some economists believe different methods of counting mean Japan's jobless rate is already close to 7 per cent by United States standards, not that far from the
7.8 per cent peak hit in the US in 1992 when it began to emerge from a two-year slump.
【参考译文】
如果日本各公司效仿西方国家，通过大幅度裁员来增加利润，日本一度令人羡慕的低失业率将飙升至两位数, 目前形式已经十分严峻。日本的终生雇佣制度明显正在解体, 但是刺激经济需要裁员, 而社会和政治上却要求保留工作岗位，两者互相冲突，因而许多经济学家仍无法断定日本是否会出现失业率急剧上升的局面。许多人担心失业率已经达到历史最高点，如果再增长一倍，就会导致社会不安定，因而以较为温和的方式调整经济,才可以缓解这个问题。评论家们认为这还会限制利润增长，抑制经济活力，如果不去大胆采取措施引进增长型产业，情况会更糟。一些经济学家认为，用不同的方法计算，按照美国标准，日本的失业率已接近7%，与1992年美国7.8%的最高失业率相去不远，而当时美国已开始走出两年的经济衰退期。
中译英
黄浦江纵横南北，把上海分为两部分。浦东因位于黄浦江以东而得名。本世纪20—30年代，随着以外滩为核心的金融、商贸区的建立，外商和我国民族资本事开始把经济活动伸向浦东地区。但黄浦江的阻隔，极大地影响了浦东的经济发展。浦江两岸形成了一边，是万商云集的十里洋场，一边是以自然农作物为主的大片农田的鲜明对照。
自1990年中央宣布开放浦东以来，浦东新区的建设日新月异，突飞猛进。高楼大厦如雨后春笋，拔 5
2012年3月高级口译考试真题原文和答案
【Spot Dictation】
Psychologists have many theories to explain how we remember information. The most influential theory is that memory works as a kind of storage system for information. There are three types of these storage systems with different functions that hold information for different amounts of time. They are sensory memory, short-term memory and long-term memory. Sensory memory holds information for the shortest amount of time, less than for seconds and instant. Sensory memory is where stimuli or things that stimulate our senses are very briefly stored. We forget sensory memories almost instantly, unless they passed into another storage system. Examples of the stimuli are what we see and hear in the world, such as a flash of lightning or the sound of a door closing. Short-term memory also called working memory, holds information for about 15 to 20 seconds. This is not a very long time. But the information that passes into this system has more meaning for us than just sensory stimulation. Some experts believe that sensory information changes into visual images as it is stored. And others believe that information changes into words. There is not much room for information in short-term memory. And it did not stay there for very long. Examples of this types of information are telephone numbers, addresses and names. Long-term memory holds information almost indefinitely, although retrieving it can sometimes be difficult. Think of long-term memory as a very big library, with almost unlimited capacities for storage. Information gets filed, cataloged and stored. Long-term memory has several different components or categories. The main two categories are declarative memory and procedure memory. Declarative memory is where we store factual information, such as names, faces, dates, life events. Procedure memory is where we store memory of skills and habits , like how to ride a bike, or how to boil an egg. Within the declarative memory, there are smaller categories of memory, episodic memory and semantic memory. Episodic memory relates to our personal lives. Things we have done or experienced, such as having a car accident or graduating from school. Semantic memory is where we organize general knowledge or facts about the world, such as math formulas, spelling rules and capital cities.
点评：这是一篇关于人类记忆分类的文章。文章采用了总分的形式，层次鲜明，结构清晰。文章开头两句为总括句，表明心 理学家有许多种理论来解释人类如何记忆，其中最有影响力的一种理论是人类记忆的工作方式如同信息储存系统。人类的记忆被分为三种：瞬时记忆、短期记忆和长 期记忆。接下来分别针对三种记忆的具体情况：从信息储存的内容、功能和时间的长短三个角度进行了介绍。需要注意的是，最后几句是分论点，阐明长期记忆分为 情景记忆（episodic memory）和语义记忆(semantic memory)两类。 相信考生平时对科普知识稍有积累，再加上对结构的把握，本篇文章能够轻松应对。
【Listening Comprehension】
Listening Comprehension 1
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation.
M: There is a small number of exceptional people who play a huge role in the transmissions of epidemic ideas. I call them Mavens, Connectors and Salesmen. W: Say it again?
M: Mavens, Connectors and Salesman. Connectors are the kind of people who know everybody. They have extraordinary social ties. Well, if I do this names test in the Manhattan phonebook, and you go down the list. Every time you see a name you know, you give yourself a point. Well, most people score like 25, 30. Someone scores like 120 or 130. That kind of person is incredibly in generating word-of-mouth epidemics. If they like something and get hold of some idea, they can spread 5 or 6 times further than the average person.
W: Who are those people, what defines them?
M: Well, these are extraordinarily social people with a lot of energy who are consumed by the task of getting to know people, of meeting people, of keeping in touch with them. They make phone calls all day long.
W: I am afraid I am one of them.
M: This is not typical behavior. This is a behavior that is actually rare. Most of us don‘t do that. And I am someone who is not that way. I can't start a word-of-mouth epidemic because I simply【高级口译真题】
don‘t know enough people. I can‘t get it outside my own immediate circle of friends. Someone has friends all over the place. They can spread the news about a new restaurant, or a new movie, or something far and wide in a very, very short time.
W: These are the Connectors. Wh
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