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动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则
动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
Ⅰ. 规则变化:
1. 一般情况直接加ed，如ask—asked, work—worked
2. 以不发音的e结尾，只加d，如love—loved, dance—danced
3. 以辅音字母加y结尾，把y变为i，再加ed，如try—tried, study—studied
4. 以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读闭音节结尾的动词(以重读闭音节或r音节结
尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母),先双写末尾这个辅音字母,再加ed,如stop—stopped, permit—permitted 注：A. 以l结尾的动词,尾音节重读时,双写l,如control—controlled;尾音节不重读时,
双不双写都可以，如travel—traveled(美) /travelled(英) 。
B. 特例:picnic—picnicked—picnicked(去野餐),traffic—trafficked—trafficked
（交易,在…通行） 另外,还有很多动词的过去式和过去分词是不合乎上述规则的,需要熟记.(见后)
C. 读音与说明:
①.-ed在清辅音音素后发音为[t]: helped, liked, finished, fetched, stopped, clapped
②.-ed在浊辅音和元音后发音为[d]: believed, changed, planned, preferred, followed, stayed ③.-ed在[t]、[d] 后发音为[id]: wanted, needed, admitted, permitted
II. 不规则动词表:
(1) AAA型（动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形）
cost（花费） cost cost shut shut shut
cut（割） cut cut spit spit/spat spit/ spat(英)
hit（打） hit hit hurt 伤害） hurt hurt
let（让） let let put（放） put put
read （读） read read
(2) AAB型（动词原形与过去式同形）
beat（跳动） beat beaten
(3) ABA型（动词原形与过去分词同形）
become（变成） became become awake awoke awoken
come（来） came come run（跑） ran run
(4) ABB型（过去式与过去分词同形）
dig（挖） dug dug build built built
get（得到） got got/gotten catch caught caught
hang（吊死） hanged hanged deal dealt dealt
hang（悬挂） hung hung feed fed fed
hold（抓住） held held find found found
shine（照耀） shone shone forbid forbade/forbad forbidden
sit（坐） sat sat pay paid paid
win （赢） won won send sent sent
meet（遇见） met met shoot shot shot
keep （保持） kept kept tell told told
sleep（睡） slept slept win won won
sweep（扫） swept swept feel（感觉） felt felt
smell（闻） smelt/smelled smelt/ smelled
leave（离开） left left build（建设） built built
lend（借出） lent lent send （传送） sent sent
spend（花费） spent spent lose （丢失） lost lost
burn （燃烧） burnt burnt learn（学习） learnt learnt
mean（意思是） meant meant catch（抓住） caught caught teach（教） taught taught bring（带来） brought brought fight （战斗） fought fought buy（买） bought bought
think（想） thought thought hear （听见） heard heard
sell（卖） sold sold tell（告诉） told told
say（说） said said find（找到） found found
have/has（有） had had make（制造） made made
stand（站） stood stood understand明白understood understood
(5) ABC型（动词原形、过去式与过去分词三者不同形） begin（开始） began begun take（取） took taken
drink（喝） drank drunk mistake（弄错） mistook mistaken ring（铃响） rang rung ride（骑） rode ridden sing （唱） sang sung do（做） did done
swim（游泳） swam swum write（写） wrote written blow（吹） blew blown go（去）went gone
draw （画） drew drawn lie（平躺） lay lain fly（飞） flew flown see（看见） saw seen
grow（生长） grew grown wear （穿） wore worn
know（知道） knew known be ( am, is, are )（是）was, were been
throw（投掷） threw thrown show（出示） showed shown break（打破） broke broken choose（选择） chose chosen forget（忘记） forgot forgotten (forgot) bear bore borne/born
speak（说，讲） spoke spoken draw drew drawn
wake（醒） woke woken dream dreamt/ dreamed dreamt/ dreamed drive（驾驶） drove driven hide hid hidden
eat（吃） ate eaten lay laid laid 放置
fall（落下） fell fallen lie lied lied 撒谎
give（给） gave given lie lay lain 躺
rise（升高） rose risen see saw seen
shake shook shaken steal stole stolen can----could may---might will---would shall---should
must----must
一般过去时及动词的过去式变化规则
一般过去时
1）、表示过去发生的动作或出现的状态，用动词的过去式来表达，如： I was at the library yesterday afternoon.
Tom studied hard and did well in the final exam last year.
2）、动词的过去式分为规则动词和不规则动词两种：
规则动词的过去式：
① 一般情况下在动词原形后直接加-ed。 wanted，played ② 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，直接加-d。 hoped，lived
③ 重读闭音节单词如果末尾只有一个辅音字母需双写最后一个辅音字母， 再加-ed stopped
④ 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词变y为i，再加-ed。 studied，worried 以元音字母+y结尾的动词，直接加-ed. played, enjoyed
规则动词过去式的读音也有规律可循。请记住：清后[t]，元浊[d]，[t] [d]之后读[id]。
① 清辅音后，ed要读[t]。worked，finished
② 元音或浊辅音后，ed要读 [d]。lived，called
③ [t]或[d]后，ed读[id]。 started，needed
不规则动词有其自己的变化形式，只能分别记忆。【动词过去式变化规则】
1. go －went 2.take－took 3. have－had 4.buy－bought
5. eat－ate 6.see－saw 7. hang－hung（悬挂） 8.meet－met
9. win－won（赢得） 10.sleep－slept 11. put－put 12.come－came
13. wake－woke（醒）14.read－read 15let－let （详见课本《不规则动词表》）
3）句式及其变化：
a. be动词过去式的句式：
否定句是在was/were后面加not，was not (wasn't)/were not (weren't)。 一般疑问句是把was / were提前并放到句首，要求首字母要大写 b. 实义动词过去式的句式：
①肯定式：主语+动词过去式+其它。
如：They had a good time yesterday.
②否定式：主语+did not(didn't)+动词原形+其它。
如：They didn't watch TV last night.
③一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其它？
肯定回答：Yes，主语+did. 否定回答：No，主语+didn't. 如：Did they have a meeting two days ago?
Yes，they did. / No，they didn't.
④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其它？ 如：What time did you finish your homework?
4）一般过去时的时间状语都是明显表示过去的， 如：yesterday、last night、last week、
in 1998、three months ago, three years ago, just now.等。
动词过去式变化规则及其读音规则
1、一般情况下，动词词尾加 -ed ，如： work ---worked play---played wanted----wanted act----acted 2、以不发音的 -e 结尾动词，动词词尾加 -d，如： live---lived move----moved taste---tasted hope---hoped 3、以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词，把-y变为-i 再加-ed，如： study---studied copy---copied cry---cried carry---carried 4、以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加 -ed，如： stop ---stopped 5、不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强，须多加记忆。 go – went make – made get – got buy - bought come - came fly-flew 不规则动词的过去式的构成 1．把动词原形中的i改为a，变成过去式。如： begin—began，drink—drank，give—gave，ring—rang，sing—sang，sit—sat，swim—swam 2．把重读开音节中的i改为o，变成过去式。如： drive—drove，ride—rode，write—wrote 3．改动词原形中的aw ／ow为ew，变成过去式。如： draw—drew，grow—grew，know—knew，throw—threw（动词show除外，show—showed） 4．动词原形中的e改为o，变成过去式。如： get—got，forget—forgot 5．动词原形中的ee改为e，变成过去式。如： feed—fed，meet—met 6．动词原形中的eep改为ept，变成过去式。如： keep—kept，sleep—slept，sweep—swept 7．动词原形中的eak改为oke，变成过去式。如： break—broke，speak—spoke 8．动词原形中的ell改为old，变成过去式。如： sell—sold，tell—told 9．动词原形中的an改为oo，变成过去式。如： stand—stood，understand—understood 10．以ought和aught结尾，且读音是〔 :t〕的过去式。如： bring—brought，buy— bought，think—thought，catch—caught，teach—taught 11．以ould结尾且读音为〔ud〕的情态动词过去式。如： can—could，shall—should，will—would 12．把动词原形中的o改为a，变成过去式。如： come—came，become—became 13．在动词原形后加d或t变成过去式，并且发生音变。如： hear〔hi 〕—heard〔h :d〕， say〔sei〕—said〔sed〕，mean〔mi:n〕—meant〔ment〕 14．动词的过去式与动词原形一样。如： let—let，must—must，put—put，read—read〔red〕 15．不符合上述规律的动词过去式。如： am，is—was，are—were，build—built，do—did，eat—ate，fall—fell，feel—felt，find—found，fly—flew，go—went，have ／has— had，hold—held，leave—left，make—made，may—might，run—ran，see—saw，take—took 过去式“-ed”的发音规则 （1）动词词尾为“t，d”时，发/ id /音， want →wanted （要）need →needed （需要） （2）动词词尾为清辅音时，发/ t / 音。 help →helped （帮助）laugh →laughed （笑）look →looked （看） kiss →kissed （吻）wash →washed （洗） watch →watched （注视） （3）动词词尾为t，d以外之浊辅音或元音时，发/ d /音。 call →called （叫）stay→stayed （停留）cry→cried （哭）
动词过去式变化规则：
1．一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked
2．结尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted
3．末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped
4．以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i，
5．不规则动词过去式：
am,is-was are-were do-did
get-got go-went come-came
run-ran sing-sang put-put make-made
draw-drew drink-drank fly-flew
swim-swam sit-sat
再加-ed，如：study-studied see-saw say-said give-gave have-had eat-ate take-took read-read write-wrote ride-rode speak-spoke sweep-swept
一般过去时 动词过去式变化规则：
1．一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked
2．结尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted
3．末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped
4．以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i，再加-ed，如：study-studied
5．不规则动词过去式：
am,is-was are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, buy-bought
swim-swam, sit-sat bring--brought can-could cut-cut become-became begin-began draw-drew feel-felt find-found
forget-forgot hear-heard keep-kept know-knew learn-learnt
（learned） leave-left let-let lose-lost meet-met read-read sleep-slept speak-spoke take-took
teach-taught tell-told write-wrote wake-woke 用所给动词的适当形式填空
1.Tom and Mary ___________ (come) to China last month.
2.Mike _________________(not go) to bed until 12 o’clock last night. So I _______ (get ) up late.
3.Mary __________ (read) English yesterday morning.
4.There _________ (be) no one here a moment ago.
5.I ___________ (call) Mike this morning.
6.I listened but ___________ (hear) nothing.
7.Tom ___________ (begin) to learn Chinese last year.
8.Last week we _________ (pick) many apples on the farm.
9.My mother ________________ (not do) housework yesterday.
10.She watches TV every evening. But she _______________ (not watch) TV last night.
11.________ your father ________ ( go ) to work every day last year?
12. —What time _______ you _______ (get) to Beijing yesterday?
—We __________ (get) to Beijing at 9:00 in the evening.
13.What __________ (make) him cry (哭) just now?
14.Last year the teacher ___________ (tell) us that the earth moves around the sun.
15.There ____________ a telephone call for you just now. (be)
16.There __________ not enough people to pick apples that day. ( be)
17.There _____________ any hospitals (医院) in my hometown (家乡) in 1940. ( be not)
18.There ____________ enough milk at home last week, wasn’t there?
19.Eli ____________ to Japan last week. ( move)
20. –When _______ you _________ (come) to China? - Last year.
21.Did she ________ (have) supper at home?
22.Jack ____________ (not clean) the room just now.
23._________ (be) it cold in your city yesterday?
24.How many people ________ (be) there in your class last term?
25.It ________ (be) hot yesterday and most children _______ (be) outside.
26. There ________ (be) a football match on TV yesterday evening, but I _________ (have) no time to watch it.
27. He ate some bread and _________ (drink) some milk.
28. ________ he __________ (finish) his homework last night?
29. I__________(be) tired yesterday.
30. I ___________(gain ) Arts degree last year.
31. What _________ you ___________ (do) last night?
32. My grandfather _________ (leave) Hong Kong for New York in 1998.
33. What _______ he ________ (do) yesterday?
34. Last week I _______ (buy) a new bike.
35. He ________ (be) here just now.
36. He __________ (not find ) his key last night.
37. My father __________ (drink) a lot of wine yesterday.
38. ________ you ________ (finish) your homework yesterday?
39. I ________ (eat) some eggs and bread this morning.
40. Her mother __________ (not give) the girl any present.
【参考答案】
1.came 2. didn’t go got 3. read 4. was 5. called 6.heard 7.began 8.picked 9.didn’t do 10.didn’t watch 11. Did go 12.did get got 13. made 14. told 15.was 16. were 17.weren’t 18.was 19.moved
20.did come21.have 22.didn’t clean 23.Was 24.were 25.was were 26.was had 27.drank 28.Did finish 29.was 30.gained 31.did do 32.left 33.did do 34.bought 35.was 36.didn’t find 37.drank
38.Did finish 39.ate 40.didn’t give
动词的第三人称单数的单数及发音规则：
1. 一般直接在此为加-s，-s在清辅音后读/s/,在浊辅音或元音后读/z/, ds读/dz/, ts读/ts 如 help helps/s/ know knows/z/ get gets/s/ read reads/z/
2. 以字母s, x, ch, sh或有些以o 结尾的动词加-es，-es 读 /iz/, 如
guess guesses fix fixes teach teaches wash washes
注意：go goes/z/ do does /z/
3. 辅音字母+y结尾的动词，先变y为i，再加-es，-ies读/iz/
carry carries fly flies
注意：在play---plays，say----says中，字母y前为元音字母，第三人称单数形式直接在动词后加-s
4. 特俗词例外
5. be动词的第三人称单数分别为am, is, are, have则为has
注意：以不发音字母“e”结尾的开音节词，如果尾音是/s/,/z/,加-s后，字母”e”发音，与所加-s一起读作/iz/,如
close closes/iz/
动词的ing变化规则：
1. 一般情况直接加ing，如 look—looking go---going visit---visiting
2. 以不发音的e结尾的，去e再加ing，如 come---coming make---making write---writing
3. 以重读闭音节结尾并且只有一个辅音字母的，双写该辅音字母，再加ing，如 run---running stop---stopping get---getting swim---swimming begin---beginning
4. 以辅音字母加y结尾的，直接加ing，如
study---studying carry---carrying fly---flying cry---crying【动词过去式变化规则】
5. 以ie结尾的重度开音节动词，先变ie为y，再加ing，如
die---dying tie---tying lie---lying
动词的过去式变化规则：
1. 规则变化
（1） 一般直接在动词后加ed，-ed在清辅音后读/t/, 在浊辅音及元音后读/d,/-ed在/t//d/后
读/id/,如
call---called open---opened look---looked want---wanted /id/ need---needed /id/
（2） 以不发音的“e”结尾的，直接加-d ，如
live---lived move---moved hope---hoped
（3） 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先变y为i，再加-ed，（注意：如果是元音字母加y结
尾的，还是直接加-ed，如，play---played， enjoy---enjoyed）如
study---studied cry---cried try---tried
（4） 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加-ed，如 plan---planned fit---fitted stop---stopped
2. 不规则变化（要特俗记忆），以下是一些常见的动词的过去式
am,is-was are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went come-came have/has-had eat-ate, take-took run-ran put-put make-made read-read write-wrote draw-drew drink-drank fly-flew ride-rode speak-spoke sweep-swept swim-swam sit-sat hear- heard sleep-slept let-let【动词过去式变化规则】
blow-blew hurt-hurt speak-spoke buy-bought keep-kept swim-swam eat-ate catch-caught know-knew stand-stood choose-chose lie-lay leave-left draw-drew teach –taught drink-drank make- made tell-told think-thought mean-meant
feel-felt drive-drove meet-met write –wrote find-found fly-flew forget -forgot ring -rang see -saw ride-rode
grow-grew sing-sang/sung begin-began learn-learned/learnt
可数名词变复数的规则：
1. 规则变化：
（1） 一般情况下，在词尾加-s， 如book---books boy---boys
（2） 以-s， -x，-ch， -sh结尾的名词，在词尾加-es，如bus---buses watch---watches
（3） 以辅音字母加y结尾的，变y为i，再加-es， 如city---cities family---families
（4） 以-f或-fe结尾的分两类，一类直接加-s，另一类大多数情况下，将-f或-fe改为
v，再加-es，如，roof---roofs belief---beliefs leaf---leaves life---lives
knife---knives
2. 不规则变化
（1） 元音字母发生变化 man---men tooth---teeth goose---geese
（2） 词尾变化 child---children mouse---mice
（3） 单复数同形 sheep---sheep deer---deer fish---fish
另附清辅音与浊辅音：
清辅音： [p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [θ] [∫] [ts] [t∫] [tr] [h]
浊辅音：[b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [δ] [з] [dz] [dз] [dr] [r]
音节分为开音节和闭音节，
3. 开音节又分为相对开音节和绝对开音节
（1） 相对开音节：“以一个元音字母+一个辅音字母（r除外）+不发音的
e”结尾的叫相对开音节。这里元音字母发自己本身的音。如，cake，
grade， name， bike
（2） 绝对开音节：以发音的元音字母结尾的叫绝对开音节。如，he， she，
me， no，go
2.闭音节：以“辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母”结尾的叫闭音节，如，get，
put，pen， ten， let
规则动词的过去式变化如下：
1、一般情况下，动词词尾加 -ed ，如： work ---worked play---played wanted----wanted act----acted
2、以不发音的 -e 结尾动词，动词词尾加 -d，如： live---lived move----moved taste---tasted hope---hoped
3、以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词，把-y变为-i 再加-ed，如： study---studied copy---copied cry---cried carry---carried
4、以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加 -ed，如： stop ---stopped
5、不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强，须多加记忆。 go – went make – made get – got buy - bought come - came fly-flew
不规则动词的过去式的构成
1．把动词原形中的i改为a，变成过去式。如：
begin—began，drink—drank，give—gave，ring—rang，sing—sang，sit—sat，swim—swam
2．把重读开音节中的i改为o，变成过去式。如： drive—drove，ride—rode，write—wrote
3．改动词原形中的aw ／ow为ew，变成过去式。如：
draw—drew，grow—grew，know—knew，throw—threw（动词show除外，show—showed）
4．动词原形中的e改为o，变成过去式。如： get—got，forget—forgot
5．动词原形中的ee改为e，变成过去式。如： feed—fed，meet—met
6．动词原形中的eep改为ept，变成过去式。如： keep—kept，sleep—slept，sweep—swept
7．动词原形中的eak改为oke，变成过去式。如： break—broke，speak—spoke
8．动词原形中的ell改为old，变成过去式。如： sell—sold，tell—told
9．动词原形中的an改为oo，变成过去式。如： stand—stood，understand—understood
10．以ought和aught结尾，且读音是〔 :t〕的过去式。如：
bring—brought，buy— bought，think—thought，catch—caught，teach—taught
11．以ould结尾且读音为〔ud〕的情态动词过去式。如： can—could，shall—should，will—would
12．把动词原形中的o改为a，变成过去式。如： come—came，become—became
13．在动词原形后加d或t变成过去式，并且发生音变。如：
hear〔hi 〕—heard〔h :d〕， say〔sei〕—said〔sed〕，mean〔mi:n〕—meant〔ment〕
14．动词的过去式与动词原形一样。如： let—let，must—must，put—put，read—read〔red〕
15．不符合上述规律的动词过去式。如：
am，is—was，are—were，build—built，do—did，eat—ate，fall—fell，feel—felt，find—found，fly—flew，go—went，have ／has— had，hold—held，leave—left，make—made，may—might，run—ran，see—saw，take—took
过去式“-ed”的发音规则
（1）动词词尾为“t，d”时，发/ id /音， want →wanted （要）need →needed （需要）
（2）动词词尾为清辅音时，发/ t / 音。
help →helped （帮助）laugh →laughed （笑）look →looked （看）
kiss →kissed （吻）wash →washed （洗） watch →watched （注视）
（3）动词词尾为t，d以外之浊辅音或元音时，发/ d /音。
call →called （叫）stay→stayed （停留）cry→cried （哭）动词过去式变化规则
一、规则变化
1、 一般情况下，动词词尾加-ed, 如：work—worked play—played want—wanted ask—asked
2、 以不发音的-e结尾动词，动词词尾加-d, 如：live—lived move—moved taste—tasted
3、 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，把y改成i, 加—ed, 如：study—studies try—tried copy—copied carry—carried
4、 重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加—ed, 如：stop—stopped
二、不规则变化
is am—was are—were do—did have has—had go—went meet—met come—came take—took steal—stole eat—ate fly—fliew run—ran see—saw say—said make—made find—found stand—stood
sit—sat sing—sang drink—drank give—gave ring—rang swim—swam
write—wrote ride—rode drive—drove
draw—drew grow—grew know—knew
get—got forget—forgot
sweep—swept keep—kept sleep—slept
speak—spoke break—broke
tell—told sell—sold
buy—bought think—thought catch—caught teach—taught build—built
can—could shall—should will—would
过去式与动词原形一样：let—let must—must put—put read—read
三、动词过去式构成读音
1、 清辅音后读清辅音[t] （清读清） 如：jump like
2、 浊辅音后读浊辅音[d] （浊读浊） 如：listen pull
3、 元音后面读浊辅音[d] （元音后面读浊音） 如：water play
4、 [t][d]后面读[id] want need
本文来源：http://www.gbppp.com/jd/450968/
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