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被动语态
第一节 被动语态的构成
被动语态的基本结构是“助动词be +过去分词”。被动语态的谓语动词有各种时态变化，以动词take
知道“be”的时态形式，也就掌握了被动语态构成。下面是被动语态各种时态的例句：
e.g. You are wanted on the phone . 有你的电话。（一般现在时）
The railway was built in 1998. 这条铁路建于1998 年。（一般过去时）
A new railway is being built in this city. 这个城市正在修建一条新的铁路。（现在进行时）
The railway was being built this time last year.去年这个时候这条铁路正在修建。（过去进行时） The new railway has already been built.新铁路已经建成了。（现在完成时）
The new railway had been built by the end of last year.这条铁路在去年年底前已经建成了。（过去完成时）
A new railway will be built in this city next year.这个城市明年将建一条新的铁路。（一般将来时）
He told us that the new railway would be built the next year.他告诉我们新铁路将于第二年建成。（过去将来时）
第二节 被动语态的各种句型
1.单宾语结构。
e.g. Our English teacher often uses a tape-recorder in teaching English.我们英语老师经常用录音机教英语。（主动语态）
A tape-recorder is often used (by our English teacher) in teaching English.录音机经常用来教英语。
2．双宾语结构 这种结构可有两种被动语态句型，即分别用间接宾语和直接宾语作主语。
e.g. The villagers gave the foreign guests warm welcome.（主动语态）
The foreign guests were given a warm welcome by the villagers.（被动1）
A warm welcome was given to the foreign guests by the villagers.（被动2）
3。复合宾语结构 这种结构只能将主动语态的宾语改作被动语态的主语。
e.g. They heard someone singing in the next room.(主动)
Someone was heard singing in the next room. (被动)
4. 含情态动词的被动结构 含情态动词的句子其被动语态形式是“情态动词+ be+过去分词”。 e.g. The trees should be watered every day. 这些树应每天浇水。
This word can be pronounced in two ways. 这个单词可以有两种发音。
5．短语动词结构 相当于及物动词的短语动词也可以有被动语态，如 look after, give up , take care of , pay attention to , make use of , put off, wake up , put out 等。
e.g. The children must be taken good care of .这些孩子必须得到好的照顾。
The big fire has been put out . 大火已被扑灭。
特别提醒
A．只有及物动词和及物短语动词才可以有被动语态不及物动词，不及物短语动词或系动词都不可以有被动语态，如happen, go on , take place , belong to , sound, feel等。
e.g. This room belongs to me. .这房子属于我。
不可以说：This room is belonged to me .
e.g. This music sounds sweet.这音乐听起来很悦耳。
不可以说：This music is sounded sweet.
B.被动语态只有在强调动作的承受者或不知道动作的执行者时才使用。
e.g. This sock is made of silk.这袜子是丝的。（不知道动作的执行者是谁。）
English is required in many schools of our country.在我们国家许多学校要求开设英语课。（强调动作的承
受者English.）
C. 千万不能按中文意思死搬硬套，如句子“你的信我已经收到了。”
不能说：Your letter has been received by me .
只能说：I have received your letter.
D. 主动语态变为被动语态的步骤 1。找出主动语态的宾语，作为被动语态的主语；2。将谓语动词有主动形式变为被动形式；3。有无必要用 by 短语。4。注意被动语态的句式，时态必须主动语态一致。 e.g. Have you found your lost book? 你找到你丢的书了吗？（一般问句，现在完成时）
Has your lost book been found?你丢的书找到没有？（一般问句，现在完成时）
E. 有些动词常用主动形式表示被动意义，如动词act, cook, keep , look , open , write, read, sell , wash 等，这时句子的主语通常是没有生命的。
e.g. This hall measures 100 metres long and 60 meters wide. 这个大厅长100米，宽60 米。
This pen sells well in that country. 这种笔在那个国家很好销。
F. 在一些固句型中常用被动语态结构，如：It is said that … 据说……，人们说……
It is reported that … 据报道…… It is hoped that … 人们希望……【被动语态讲解】
It is well known that… 众所周知…… It is believed that…人们相信……
It must be admitted that…必须承认…… It must be pointed that…必须指出的是
By-Bevis
被动语态 By-Bevis
英语中语态是动词的一种形式，用来说明主语和谓语动词之间的关系。分为主动语态、被动语态两种。即主语“做某事”（主动）或者主语“被做某事”（被动）。汉语中所说的“课桌被修好了”，“房子是由工人们建的”这样的在动词前面加个“被”字、“由”字的句就是一种被动语态的句型，在英文中则用动词的被动语态形式表示。
二、被动语态的基本构成形式： Be动词 + 动词的过去分词形式 （由两部分构成）
练习：用横线划出下列句子的主语、谓语动词、宾语，并改成被动语态
1. Students clean the classroom every day
2. She is taking care of the children
3. Someone has turned on the light
4. They can finish all the work before July 20
5. We were building a new system now
6. My cousin gave me a present last Christmas
7. Our government will set up a new hospital next year
8. She told them to wait her for a moment
9. They are going to go over again this lesson this night
10. She had handed in the paper before Miss wang came in
四、主动语态与被动语态的互换
1. 主动语态：主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语 + 状语
Eg. We clean the classroom every day.
被动语态：主语 + be+动词过去分词 + 状语 + by+介词宾语
The classroom is cleaned every day by us
2. 主动语态：主语 + 谓语动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 + 状语
He gave yesterday
被动语态：主语 + be + 动词过去分词 + 保留宾语（直宾/间宾) + 状语 + by介词宾语 Eg. was given yesterday by him was given yesterday by him
练习：将下列主动语态变成被动语态
1. I write a letter every day
2. Eli showed us a photo of his family(2种方法)
3. He gave me a present
4. We call her our good doctor
5. They kept us waiting for a long time
6. She will look after the children
7. You should clean your room every day
8. We respect our teachers
B is /are made/had/let to do… “B被迫做某事”
eg: His parents make him study hard at home他父母让他每天努力学习
He was made to study hard at home 他被迫在家努力学习
2. Have sth done “让某事被做”, have后接物时，用动词过去分词形式表被动 我的单车坏了，我必须修理它
练习：一、用动词的适当形式填空
1. The War (break) out in 1937
2. Chinese (speak) by more and more people around the world
3. We (tell)to close the windows before lefting the lab
4. I don’t think sixteen-year-olds should (allow) to go to bars
5. How long have Mr. And Mrs.David (marry) ?
6. They (make) give up the picnic by the heavy rain
7. This world can’t (understand) by the foreigners
8. Lily’s bedroom is too dirty, she must have it (clean) now
9. Workers (make) work from morning to night in the past 10. All the work must (do) in two days 11. The water is too dirty for us (swim)in.
12. I often make him (laugh) druing the break time
the trees (plant) in the park next Saturday?
14. Thy often (help) each other 15. She is a good cook, the fish (taste) delicious 16. This beautiful song is wonderful , it worth (listen)
17. Bikes widely (use) by Chinese
18. When this kind of computer (use)?
19. This kind of desk (make) of wood
20. My brother (build) a new plane model these days
二、按要求转换句型
1. The book may be kept for two weeks. (对画线部分提问)
the book ?
对画线部分提问) Stamps collected?
3. We must send her to a hospital at once (改为被动语态) must to a hospital at once
4. You can renew the book for another week. (改为被动语态) The book for another week
5. . Rice is grown in the south of China (改成主动语态，people作主语)
in the south of China
6. Your homework must be handed in today (改成主动语态)
in your homework today
7. the boy, the glass, by, broken, was (连词成句)
被动语态
一、 考点、热点回顾
【词汇辨析】
1. across, through 穿过
across
桥梁等。eg: They walk across the bridge. 他们步行走过了这座桥。
through
eg: He walks through the park. 他步行穿过公园。
2. ill，sick―生病的‖。
ill只在系动词后作表语 eg: Her mother was ill in bed.
sick 既可作表语 eg: Her mother was sick in bed.
也可作定语 eg: Jane is taking care of her sick mother.
若ill作定语，译为―坏的，恶劣的‖
eg: an ill person一个坏人
sick作表语时也常译为―恶心的，想吐的―
eg: The boy always feels sick when he travels by car.
【固定搭配】 动词+ 名词/ 代词/ 副词+ 介词
make room for给.....腾出地方 eg: We can make room for her at this table.
play a joke on戏弄人；对人恶作剧 eg: We can’t play a joke on law.
speak highly of称赞 eg: The customs speak highly of their quality of service.
say good bye to告别；告辞 eg: I don't want to say good bye to them.
take an active part in积极参加 eg: They take an active part in school activities.
take care of照顾；照料；注意 eg: Could you take care of my plants while I'm on vacation?
【被动语态】
（一）语态：英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
例如：Many people speak Chinese.
谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。
例如：Chinese is spoken by many people. 主语English是动词speak的承受者。
（二）被动语态的构成
人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。
一般现在时：am／is／are＋spoken
一般过去时：was／were＋spoken
一般将来时：will／shall be＋spoken
现在进行时：am／is／are being＋spoken
过去进行时：was/were being＋spoken
现在完成时：have／has been＋spoken
过去完成时：had been + spoken
（三）被动语态的用法
（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
例如：Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。（不知道是谁偷的） This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于1981年。
（2）强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。
例如：The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。
This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。
Your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。
（四）主动语态变被动语态的方法
（1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
（2）把谓语变成被动结构（be＋过去分词） （根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式）。
（3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：
All the people laughed at him. → He was laughed at by all people.
They make the bikes in the factory. → The bikes are made by them in the factory.
He cut down a tree. → A tree was cut down by him.
（五）含有情态动词的被动语态
We can repair this watch in two days.
→This watch can be repaired in two days.
They should do it at once.
→It should be done at once.
（六）特殊情况
1.He made the boy work for two hours yesterday.
→The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday.
2.Mother never lets me watch TV .
→I am never let to watch TV by mother.
3.Jack gave Peter a Christmas present just now.
→（1）A Christmas present was given to Peter by Jack just now.
→（2）Peter was given a Christmas present by Jack just now.
常见的句型结构：
It is(was)agreed(believed/decided/hoped/thought......）that......大家同意（相信、决定、希望、认为）...... It is(was)well known that......众所周知
It is(was)taken for granted that......被视为当然
It must be remembered that......务必记住......
It mustn’t be forgotten that......千万别忘记......
It is(was)said(reported，heard，told，suggested)that......据说(报道、听说、告知、建议......)
二、典型例题
（ ）1．The Olympic Games ___________every four years.
A are held B were held C．are holding D．will ho1d （ ）2. In the art show，a lot of enjoyment _ _to foreign friends by the Chinese paintings．
A． is giving B is given C will give D has given
（ ）3. Today Chinese is becoming more and more popular. It _________in. many schools around the world.
A. teaches B. is teaching C. has taught D. is taught
（ ）4. Ba Jin, one of the greatest writers in China, ________as "People's Writer".
A. is regarded B. has regarded C. is regarding D. regards
（ ）5. Usually computers _________to search the Internet.
A. use B. are using C. are used D. used
（ ）6. --Do you often clean your classroom?
--Yes. Our classroom __________every day.
A. clean B. cleans C. is cleaned
（ ）7.一Did you hear that water in Tai Lake smelt terrible?
一Yes．In fact，it ____.That's all because of the people and the factories around．
A． polluted B was polluted C has polluted D．was po11ute
（ ）8. --Our environment is getting worse than before.
--You're right. But thanks to Earth Day_______, people have done more and more useful things to protect(保护)the earth since Earth Day.
A. is started B. was started C. has started
（ ）9. ---I feel very happy that I ____to be the host. ---Congratulations!
A. choose B. am chosen C. was chosen D. haven chosen
（ ）10. Many trees and flowers ______ in our school last year，and they made our school a beautiful garden．
A．plant B．planted C．have planted D．were planted
（ ）11.Some famous paintings __________in the hall next week.
A. will show B. were shown C. is shown D. will be shown
（ ）12. A talk on developments in science and technology in the school hall next week .
A. given B. will be given C. has been given D. gives
（ ）13.---Great changes have taken place in this city.
---Right. Many modern tall buildings have been ______ these days.
A. turned up B. put up C. shown up D. fixed up
（ ）14.Twelve-year-olds should not to drive in China.
A. allow B. be allow C. allowed D. be allowed
（ ）15. —Do you often clean your classroom?
—Yes, our classroom ______ every day.
A. clean B. cleans C. is cleaned D. Cleaned
三、课后练习
（ ）1．—Susan, why are you still here? They are all ready to start.
–I’m sorry, but I _____ when to meet.
A. don’t tell B. didn’t tell C. haven’t told D. wasn’t told
（ ）2．Many old houses around our school ____ next year and a large green area will appear.
A. pull down B. will be pulled down C. will pull down D. are pulled down （ ）3．--- My watch ______.
--- Don’t worry. Let’s go to the Lost & Found.
A. is lost B. is broken C. has found D. has stopped （ ）4．---Did you go to Sam’s weekend party?
---No, I___________.
A. am not invited B. wasn’t invited C. haven’t invited D. didn’t invite
（ ）5．-- How often ______ your school sports meeting ______?
-- Once a year.
A. does; hold B. was; hold C. is; held D. did; hold
（ ）6．On May 30th, , one bowl in the Ming dynasty (明朝) _______ at the price of 30.36 million Hong Kong dollars.
A. sell B. sold C. is sold D. was sold
（ ）7．The "Thousand- hand Guanyin" ____ by many people as the best performance at CCTV's Spring Festival Evening.
A. has been regarded B. are regarded C. has regarded D. regards
（ ）8．—Those eggs of different colors are very beautiful.
—Yes, they ______ in Hangzhou.
A. painted B. were painting C. were painted D. had painted （ ）9．---Don’t litter the ground, boy ,Look at the sign:: ―Rubbish into the dustbin.‖
---Sorry.
A, has throw B, was throw C, must throw D , must be thrown （ ）10．The 29th 0lympic Games __in Beijing in 2008．
A．will hold
A. sing B will be held C. singing
C．hold D. sings （ ）11. The girl was often heard happily in her room. B. to sing
（ ）12. It is reported that more new teaching buildings _________ in our school in the next term.
A. will be built B. was built C. has built D. will build
（ ）13. It is reported that more new teaching buildings _________ in our school in the next term.
A. will be built B. was built C. has built D. will build
（ ）14. The sick boy _________ to hospital by the police yesterday.
A. is taken B. was taken C. takes D. took
（ ）15. --It’s difficult for the village children to cross the river for school.
--I think a bridge _________ over the river.
A. was built B. is being built C. has been built D. should be built
（ ）16. --David, turn off the TV________ no one is watching it.
--But it ________ off already! The music is from the radio.
A. so that, has been turned B. when, has turned
C. if, has been turned D. because, has turned
（ ）17. Usually John to school in his father’s beautiful car.
A. has taken B. is taking C. is taken D. has been taken
（ ）18. Don’t put off today’s work for tomorrow. I mean, today’s work _________ today.
A. may do B. must do C. may be done D. must be done
（ ）19.--Look, what an old palace! It looks so great!
--Yeah, it ________ nearly 800 years ago.
A. was building B. was built C. has built D. is built
（ ）20. Don’t discuss the problems with your partner unless you _________ to do so.
A. ask B. are asked C. will ask D. will be asked
被动语态语法专项讲解与训练
学案适用者：宋潇
(一) 语态分类：英语动词分主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
every day. (主动)
every day. (被动)
被动语态结构：助动词be + 动词的过去分词done， 即be done ，
常译为“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动关系。
(二) 被动语态的用法
(1) 动作的执行者很明显。这时往往不用by 短语。
Word processing skills are taught in our computer lessons.
(2)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
Some new computers were stolen last night.
(3) 突出或强调动作的承受者。如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by 短语。
The window was broken by Mike. 窗户是迈克打破的。
(三) 被动语态的时态变化：通过助动词be的各种时态变化来体现，done不变。注意主语的单、复
数变化。
以do为例，掌握下列时态的被动结构，形式变化如下：
1．一般现在时：2．一般过去时：3．一般将来时： 4．现在完成时：5．情态动词： 以下时态的被动语态作一般了解：
现在进行时：am / is / are + being + done 过去进行时：was / were + being + done
过去完成时：had + been + done 过去将来时：should / would + be done
(四) 主动语态变被动语态的方法
to her dinner party.
执行者 动词 承受者
→ I was invited (by my aunt ) to her dinner party.
承受者 谓语 by+执行者
1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。
2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be +
3.把主动语态的主语变为介词by 的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后，by 短语可以省略。 练习：
1. 一般现在时：People grow rice in the south of the country.
_________ _________ _________ in the south of the country.
2. 一般过去时：Nancy Jackson designed the CD-ROM.
The CD-ROM _________ _________ _________ Nancy Jackson.
3. 一般将来时：They will hold the charity show in the school hall.
The charity show _________ _________ _________ in the school hall.
4. 现在完成时：He has brought his book here.
His book _________ _________ _________ here.
5．含有情态动词的被动语态：You must hand in your homework after class.
Your homework _________ _________ _________ _________ after class.
(五) 语态转换时所注意的问题
1. 持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。
We have bought a new computer.
A new computer has been bought. (正确)
A new computer have been bought. (错误)
2. 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语。
如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还可说：
注意：1. 下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词 to，如：
bring, give, lend, offer, pass, show, teach, tell 等。
(1) The book was shown to the class.
(2) My bike was lent to her.
2.一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词 for, 如：
buy, cook, get, keep, make, order, play, sing 等。
(1) A new skirt was made for me.
(2) The meat was cooked for us.
(3) Some country music was played for us.
3. 类动词有：
动词+介词，如: laugh at, listen to, look after, think of, talk about, work on等。
动词+副词，如: sell out, find out, give up, hand in, work out, pass on, point out, put away, put off, think
over, turn on, wake up等。
4. 带复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如：
(1) We always keep the classroom clean. (keep sth. clean)
→The classroom is always kept clean. (sth be kept clean)
(2) She told us not to stay up late. (tell sb not to do …)
→We were told not to stay up late . (sb. be told not to do …)
注意：在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带 to，但改成被动语态后都补上to。
We often hear him play the guitar.
→He is often heard to play the guitar.
记住下列变化：
see sb do… be seen to do
hear sb do…. be heard to do
listen to sb do make sb do… be made to do
5. 有些动词既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词，当它们和well, badly, easily等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或使用性能，是不及物动词，不用被动语态，常见的有：write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook 等。如：
(1)The cloth washes easily. 这布很好洗。
(2)The new computer sells well. 这新产品很畅销。
(3)The printer prints quickly. 这个打印机打印很快。
对比：The books sell well. (主动句)
The books were sold out. (被动句)
6. 只有动宾结构才有被动语态。下列情况的主动句不能改为被动句：
第一，感官连系动词无被动意义，如：feel, look, seem, taste, sound, smell等。
(1)— Do you like the material? — Yes, it feels very soft.
误：It is felt very soft.
(2)The food tastes delicious.
误：The food is tasted delicious.
(3)The pop music sounds beautiful.
误：The pop music is sounded beautiful.
第二，一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：take place, break out, belong to, come out, come true等。如：
The accident took place last night.
误：The accident was taken place last night..
第四，不及物动词没有被动语态，如：rise, happen, succeed, lie等。
The sun has already risen.
误：The sun has already been risen.
第五，宾语是反身代词，相互代词，同源宾语，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名词等，不能变为被动句子的主语，如：
I taught myself English.【被动语态讲解】
误：Myself was taught English.
7. 在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，例如：
据说„„ It is said that „
据报导„„ It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow.
众所周知„„ It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp.
8. 注意区别系表结构（be+adj.）和被动语态。
His glasses are broken. (系表) His glasses were broken by the cat.(被动)【被动语态讲解】
The door is closed. (系表) The door was closed by Tom. (被动)
He is surprised. (系表) He was surprised by the snake. (被动)
被动语态专项练习（一）
一、 用动词的正确语态填空。
1. English _________(speak) the most widely in the world.
2. A Piano concert _____________(give) here last Friday.
3. The town ___________(call) Rugao.
4. Vegetables, eggs and fruits_________ (sell) in this shop.
5. What _____ a knife ______ (make) of? It ___________(make) of metal and wood.
6. The old man is ill. He ______ (must send) to the hospital.
7. The room _____________ (clean) by Mum already. You don’t need to clean it.
8. The sports meeting ________________ (hold) in a week.
9. He is happy that his dream _______________(come) true.
10. The cinema _______________ (build) in 1985.
11. The students _____ often _____(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.
12. ______ the magazine ____________ (can take) out of the library? 三、按要求改写下列句子，一空一词。 （1×30=30分）
1.Is tea grown in South China？（改为主动语态）
_______ people _________ tea in South China？
2.I am given a birthday present by my parents every year．（同义句转换）
A birthday present _______ _______ _______ _______by my parents every year．
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