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同位语从句讲解与练习
1．定义：用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。
2.用法：同位语从句的先行词多为fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark等，关联词多用从属连词。如： They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.对你生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。
Where did you get the idea that I could not come?你在哪儿听说我不能来？
Early in the day came the news that Germany had declared war on Russia.德国已对俄国宣战的消息一大早就传来了。 注：同位语从句偶尔由从属连词whether引导。如： I have no idea whether he’ll come or not.我不知道他是否来。 连接代词who, which, what和连接副词where,when, why, how亦可引导同位语从句。
The question who should do the work requires consideration.谁该干这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。
We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。
It is a question how he did it.那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。
1．that引导的同位语从句与定语从句之区别 that引导的同位语从句 that引导的定语从句 句法功能上
that只起连接从句的作用，无意义。在从句中不充当句子成分。不可省。
that替代先行词在从句中不仅起连接作用，还充当一个句子成分。如在从句中作动词的宾语时可省略。 意义上
从句是被修饰名词的内容。从句起限定作用，是定语 如：
The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true. (同位语从句，that不可省)
李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。
The news (that) he told me yesterday is true. (定语从句，that在从句中作的宾语，可省) 他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。
2．一些表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词后所跟的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气should+动词原形表示。should可省。如：
This is our only request that this (should) be settled as soon as possible.
这就是我们唯一的请求：尽快解决这个问题。
A用适当的连接词填空：
It worried her a bit _____ her hair was turning gray. 2.I have no idea _____ we can do with these waste materials. 3.____the doctor really doubts is____my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.
4.It is hoped____nature will never be destroyed.
5.____do you guess will give a talk on English tomorrow? 6.-- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. -- Is that ____ you had a few days off? 7. Word came____I was wanted at the office.
8.Do you know ____of them will be our new headmaster? 9.The teacher didn’t tell me ____we were wrong.
10. It’s generally considered unwise to give a child ____he or she wants. B单项选择
It was true _____ Alice did surprised her mother. A. that B. what C. that, what D. what, that 2. Does ____matter much ____he can’t come to the meeting. A. it, if B. that, if C. it, whether D. this, whether
3.--What are you anxious about? -- ____
A. How can we succeed B. Whether we can succeed C.
When can we succeed D. That we can succeed
4.The reason ____the little actress has been such a success is ____she is both clever and hard-working.
A. why, why B. why, that C. that, because D. for, because
5. ____leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. A. Who B. Whoever C. Anyone D. The person
6.I really don’t know _____I had this photo taken.
A. where it was that B. it was that C. where it was D. it was why
7.? Dr. Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge. I can’t remember ____.
A. where B. there C. which D. that 8.--What do you think of China?
--____different life is today from ____it used to be.
A. How, what B. What, what C. How, that D. What, that
9.Give this to ____you think can do the work well.
A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever 10.____troubles me is ____I can’t learn all these English idioms by heart.
A. That, that B. What, what C. That, what D. What, that 答案
A. 1. that 2. what 3. what, whether 4. that 5. who 6. why 7. that 8. which 9. where 10. whatever B. 1—5 CABBB 6—10 ACACD
练 习 二
1.The fact ____ she works hard is well known to us all. A.that B.what C.why D.which
2.The fact ____ he was successful proves his ability. A.that B.what C.which D.why
3.The news ____ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly. A.what B.that C.why D.when
4.His suggestion ____ the meeting be delayed was turned down.
A.which B.that C./D.it
5.I have no idea ____ he will start. A.when B.that C.what D./
6.I've come from the government with a message ____ the meeting won't be held tomorrow.
A.if B.that C.whether D.which 7.The thought ____ he might fail in the exam worried him. A.when B.which C.what D.that
8.The order ____ the prisoner be set free arrived too late. A.which B.whether C.that D.what
9.The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patient's fear ____ he would die of the disease. A.that B.as C.of which D.which
10.He often asked me the question ____ the work was worth doing.
A.whether B.where C.that D.when 1-5 AABBA 6-10 BDCAA
同位语从句
1. 同位语the Appositive
同位语是句子成分的一种, 它位于名
词、代词后面, 说明它们的性质和情
况, 它可以由名词、代词、名词性短
语或从句充当。
同位语的表现形式有以下几种：
(1) 名词
Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy.
(2) 代词
I myselfwill do the experiment.
(3) 数词
She is the oldest among them six.
(4) 从句
He told me the news that the plane had
exploded. 他告诉我飞机爆炸的消息。
(5) 由such as, that is引导
Some subjects, such as maths and physics, are very difficult to learn. 某些学科,例如数学和物理,是很难学的。
(6) 由of引导
The city of Beijinghas been greatly
changed since 2000. 自从2000年以来, 北京市发生了很
大的变化。
(7) 由or引导
The freezing temperature, or
freezing point, is the temperature at
which water freezes under ordinary
pressure. 结冰温度即冰点,是水在常压下结
冰时的温度。
一．同位语从句的概念。
做同位语的句子叫同位语从句。同位语从句一般跟在某些名词后面，用以解释或说明前面的名词的内容。
带同位语从句的名词有： news, answer, message, doubt, possibility, idea, reply, reason, belief, hope, thought, promise, suggestion, question, certainty等。
引导同位语从句的有：连词（that，whether），连接代词（who，which，what）和连接副词（when，where，why，how等。
二．同位语从句的连接词。
1. 由连接词that和whether引导的同位语从句，that和whether只起连接作用，不在从句中做任何成分。注意：表达“是否”的概念时，要用whether而不用if来引导同位语从句。（注：if不能引导同位语从句。 特别注意which + n）如： l have no idea When he will be back．我不知道他什么时候回来。
He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.
I have no idea which one I should choose.
他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。
My question how I shall get in touch with him has not been answered.
I gave the girl a big doll , exactly what she longed to have.【高中英语同位语从句】
例1:There is no doubt ___________ prices of cars will go down. 例2：I have no idea ____________ he’ll agree with my idea. 我不知道他是否会同意我的观点。
例3：It remains a problem _____________ they can prevent the river from being
polluted.
他们是否能够阻止这条河受到污染还是个问题。
2. 由连接代词who，which，what和连接副词where，when，why，how引导的同位语
从句，此时的引导词在从句中作相应的成分。
例1：The question __________ should go abroad required consideration. 例2：I have no idea ____________ one I should choose.
三．学习同位语从句应该注意的几点
1. 表达“是否”的概念时，要用whether不用if来引导同位语从句。
2. 同位语从句的引导词有时与它所解释说明的名词被其他成分隔开，构成分隔式同位语从句。
例1：The story spreads widely that the queen likes to be surrounded with noble-looking gentlemen.
据说女王喜欢身边有一群样子高贵的绅士。
例2：A saying goes that practice makes perfect.
熟能生巧是一句谚语。
3. 若被同位语从句说明的是：建议（advice，suggestion，proposal），要求(demand,
request, requirement)，决定（decision），命令（order），劝告（recommendation）等名词时，同位语从句的谓语常用“should + do”，should常常被省略。
例1：I made the suggestion that the meeting (should) be brought to an end. 我提议闭会。
4. 名词doubt（怀疑）后的同位语从句用whether引导；no doubt（不怀疑）之后的
同位语从句用that引导。
例1：We have some doubt _________ they can complete the task on time. 我们怀疑他们是否能按时完成任务。
例2：There is no doubt __________ he will keep his promise.
他将遵守诺言，这一点是毫无疑问的。
四，如何区别定语从句和同位语从句。
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1. 从语法角度看，引导同位语从句的that是连词，只起连接作用，在从句中不做任何
句子成分；而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，除了起连接作用之外，还在从句中作主语或宾语等句子成分。
2. 从语意角度看，同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系，两者可以转换为主表关系；
定语从句与它前面的名词是所属关系，表示“„„的”，起修饰作用。
例1：The news that we’ll go on a picnic this Sunday isn’t true.(同位语从句)
可改为：The news is that we’ll go on a picnic this Sunday.
例2：The news that you’ve heard isn’t true.(定语从句)
若改为：The news is that you’ve heard.则句意不完整。
3. 同位语从句的连词that一般不能省略，而定语从句中的关系代词that在从句中做
宾语时，常常可以省略。
高中英语同位语从句讲解及练习
同位语从句讲义及练习
一、理解同位语从句的含义，把握同位语从句的实质
在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句一般用that, whether，what, which, who, when, where, why, how 等词引导，常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, wish,promise, answer, evidence, report, explanation, suggestion, conclusion等抽象名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。换言之，同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系，对其内容作进一步说明。
例：The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。
析：they had won the game说明The news的全部内容，因此该句为同位语从句。
二、正确运用同位语从句的引导词，准确把握同位语从句
1.如同位语从句意义完整，应用that引导同位语从句。（即that 不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，不可省略）
例：The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。
析：the soldiers should cross the river at once是the order的全部内容，且意义完整，因此应用that引导同位语从句。
2.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加"是否"的含义，应用whether引导同位语从句。（if不能引导同位语从句）
例：We'll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。
析：the sports meeting will be held on time意义不完整，应加"是否"的含义才能表达the problem的全部内容，因此应用whether引导同位语从句。
3.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加"什么时候"、"什么地点"、"什么方式"等含义，应用when, where, how等词引导同位语从句。
例1：I have no idea when he will be back.
析：he will be back意义不完整，应加"什么时候"的含义才能表达idea的全部内容，因此应用when引导同位语从句。
例2：I have no impression how he went home, perhaps by bike. 析：he went home意义不完整，应加"如何"的含义才能表达impression的全部内容，因此应用how引导同位语从句。
4.当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，同位语从句常后置。
如：The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.
三、把握同位语从句和定语从句的区别，明确同位语从句和相似从句的界限 同位语从句和定语从句相似，都放在某一名词或代词后面，但同位语从句不同于定语从句。同位语从句对名词加以补充说明，是名词全部内容的体现，且名词和同位语从句的引导词均不在从句中作成分；定语从句说明先行词的性质与特征，与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系，且名词和定语从句的引导词均在从句中作成分。
区分时可以在先行词与与从句之间加一个系动词be,使之构成一个新句子，如果句子通顺且符合逻辑，则为同位语从句，反之，则为定语从句。
如：The report that he was going to resign was false.
因为the report was that he was going to resign 句意通顺，所以，that he was going to resign 是同位语从句。
例1：
1）Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.
A. while B. that C. when D. as
析：答案为B。more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities是Information的内容，且Information不在从句中作成分，所以该句为同位语从句。应将该句区别于：
2）It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities，this is the information ____ has been put forward.
A. what B. that C. when D. as
析：答案为B。that has been put forward为information的修饰性定语，且information在从句中作主语，所以该句为定语从句。
例2：She heard a terrible noise,____ brought her heart into her mouth.(MET91)
A. it B. which C. this D. that
析：答案为B。分析语境含义、句子结构和句子成分可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为a terrible noise，且它在从句中作主语。应将该句区别于：
I can't stand the terrible noise ____ she is crying loudly.
A. it B. which C. this D. that
析：答案为D。she is crying loudly是the terrible noise的内容，且the terrible noise不在从句中作成分，所以该句为同位语从句。【高中英语同位语从句】
巩固性练习：
1. The fact ____ she works hard is well known to us all.
A. that B. what C. why D. which
2. The fact ____ he was successful proves his ability.
A. hat B. what C. which D. why
3. The news ____ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly.
A. what B. that C. why D. when
4. His suggestion ____ the meeting be delayed was turned down.
A. which B. that C./ D. it
5. I have no idea ____ he will start.
A. when B. that C. what D./
6. I've come from the government with a message ____ the meeting won't be held tomorrow.
A. if B. that C. whether D. which
7. The thought ____ he might fail in the exam worried him.
A. when B. which C. what D. that
8. The order ____ the prisoner be set free arrived too late.
A. which B. whether C. that D. what
9. The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patient's fear ____ he would die of the disease.
A. that B. as C. of which D. which
10. He often asked me the question ____ the work was worth doing.
A. whether B. where C. that D. when
同位语从句和定语从句的三点区别
同位语从句和定语从句很相似,但还是有区别的,区别主要在以下三方面:
1. 从词类上区别
同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,order等有一定内涵的名词?而定语从句的先行词可以是名词?代词?主句的一部分或是整个主句?如:
The possibility that the majority of the labour force will work at home is often discussed. (同位语从句)
We are not looking into the question whether he is worth trusting. (同位语从句)
Word came that he had been abroad. (同位语从句)
Our team has won the game, which made us very happy.
我们的队赢了,这让我们很高兴?(定语从句)
The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room.
你找的那位医生在房间里面?(定语从句)
His mother did all she could to help him with his study.他妈妈尽她的最大努力帮助他的学习?(定语从句,代词all作先行词?)
2. 从性质上区别
定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制,属于形容词性从句的范畴;而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释,属于名词性从句的范畴。如:
The news that our team has won the game was true. 我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的?(同位语从句,补充说明news到底是一个什么消息?)
The news that he told me yesterday was true. 昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的?(定语从句,news在从句中作told的宾语?)
I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich. 我许诺如果谁让我自由,我就让他非常富有?(同位语从句,补充说明promise到底是一个什么诺言?)
The mother made a promise that pleased all her children. 妈妈做出了一个令她的孩子们高兴的许诺?(定语从句,promise在从句中作pleased的主语?)
3. 从引导词及其在句子中的成分上区别
有些引导词如how, whether, what可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句?如:
That question whether we need it has not been considered. 我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑?(同位语从句)
I have no idea what has happened to him. 我不知道他发生了什么事?(同位语从句)
引导词that引导定语从句时,在从句中一般作主语或宾语(指物时还可以用which代替),并且作宾语时常常省略?that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用,不充当任何成分,并且不能省略,也不能用which来代替?如:
The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday. 我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的命令昨天收到了?(同位语从句,是对order的具体解释,that虽不作成分,但不能省略?)
The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups. 我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人
去帮助别的几个小组?(定语从句,是名词order的修饰语,that在从句中作
received的宾语,可以省略?)
高二英语短文改错专题复习
知识总结归纳：
短文改错的题是一篇意思连贯，但有九行文字中各有一个语法或用词错误的英语短文。
英语同位语从句用法详解
在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句（主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句）中的主要从句之一，也是中学英语学习中的重点语法知识点之一。在使用同位语从句时，应注意以下五个方面：
一、同位语从句在句中的位置
1. 一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词（如news，idea，fact，promise，hope，message等）的后面，用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。例如：
The news that our women volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly. 我们女排赢得冠军的消息大大地鼓舞了我们所有人。
I've come from Mr Wang with a message that he won't be able to see you this afternoon. 我从王先生那边得知一个消息，他说他今天下午不能来看你了。
2. 有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后，而被别的词语隔开，在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。例如：
The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home. 她突然想起可能在她离开家时没把门关上。
The story goes that he failed in the College Entrance Examinations again. 据说他高考又落榜了。
二、同位语从句前名词的数
同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式，并且往往带有限定词（word除外）加以修饰。例如：
Where did you get the idea that I could not come？ 你在哪儿听说我不能来？【高中英语同位语从句】
Give me your promise that you will come to our party this evening. 答应我，你今天晚上要来参加我们的晚会。
Word came that China launched its first manned spaceship on Oct 15，2003. 消息传来，中国于2003年10月15日首次成功发射了载人飞船。
三、同位语从句连接词的选用
在英语中，引导同位语从句的词通常有连词（that，who，whether），连接副词（how，when，where）等。例如：
They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick. 对你生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。
The question who should do the work requires consideration. 谁该做这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。
We haven't yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation. 我们还没有决定到什么地方去度暑假。
注：在名词doubt“怀疑”后的同位语从句用whether连接；在no doubt“不怀疑”之后的同位语从句用that连接。例如：
We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time. 我们怀疑他们是否能准时完成任务。
There is no doubt that Zhang Wei will keep his promise. 我们相信张卫会守信的。
同位语从句：that
有些名词的后面可以接that引导的同位语从句：
We came to the decision that we must act at once. 我们做出决定：我们必须立即行动。
He made a proposal that the meeting be postpone. 他提议会议延期。
There was little hope that he would survive. 他幸存的希望很小。
以下名词常用于以上句型：
advice，announcement，argument，belief，claim，conclusion，decision，evidence，explanation，fact，feeling，hope，idea，impression，information，knowledge，message，news，opinion，order，probability，promise，proposal，remark，reply，report，saying，statement，suggestion，thought，treat，warning，wish，word
同位语从句：whether
whether可以引导同位语从句，而定语从句不能用whether作为引导词。
He hasn't made the decision whether he will go there. 他还没有做出决定是否去那里。
I have small doubt whether he is suitable for the job. 他是否适合这件工作我有点怀疑。
同位语从句：what
what可以引导同位语从句，而定语从句不能用what作为引导词
I have no idea what he is doing now. 我不知道他现在在干什么。
同位语从句：how
how可以引导同位语从句，而定语从句不能用how作为引导词
It's a question how he did it. 那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。
同位语从句：who等
who，whom，which，when，where，why用来引导同位语从句
The question who should do the work requires consideration. 谁该干这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。
She raised the question where we could get the fund. 她提出这个问题：我们到哪儿去搞这笔资金。
同位语从句学案
一、观察和思考
1、Tom,
2、Beijing, 3、He told me the news以上句子的划线部分在句子中充当的成分是① 。它是句子成分的一种,
它位于名词、代词后面, 补充说明它们的② , 它可以由③ 、、名词
性短语或从句等充当。
(1) 同位语从句的定义
同位语从句在句中作某一名词尤其是①② ，解释说明该名词的③ 。这些抽象名词通常有fact, news,
idea, truth , hope , problem, information, belief, thought, doubt, promise, question 等。
e.g. 1. The fact that Taiwan belongs to China is still unknown to all. 2. Our teacher gave the order that all the homework should be finished on time.
（2）同位语从句的连接词
[寻规找矩] 请仔细观察下列句子，注意从句引导词的用法。
1. The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true.
2. He hasn’t made the decision whether he will go there.
3. The question who should do the work is being discussed at the meeting.
4. I have no idea what the boy is doing in the next room now.
5. We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation this
year.
6. I have no idea how I can get to the railway station.
7. I have no idea ．
[小结归纳]
① that引导同位语从句时 ，如句1；
② whether引导同位语从句时 ,如句2;
③ 连接代词who, what等引导同位语从句时 ，如句3， 4；
④ 连接副词where, how, when等在从句中 ， 如句5，6，7。
（3）同位语从句的注意事项
1、分隔式同位语从句：有时被别的词把它和名词隔开：
The story goes that William Tell killed the king with an arrow. Word came that their team had won.
2、先行词为名词suggestion, order, demand, command, request, desire, proposal等后的
• 1) Our teacher gave us some advice that we use the computer.
• 2)The suggestion came from the chairman that the new rule should be adopted.
• 3)The teacher gave the order that all these homework be finished in three weeks.
引导。
⑴ We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.
⑵ There is no doubt that Lilly will keep her promise.
二、同位语从句与定语从句的区别:
同位语从句与定语从句在使用中常常混淆,我们可以从以下几个方面区别它们: ① 同位语从句解释说明的名词大都是 名词;
定语从句所修饰、限定的名词或代词有抽象的也有不抽象的。
(同位语从句)
(定语从句)
② 同位语从句所说明的名词与从句 （有/ 没有）逻辑关系； 定语从句所限定的名词是从句逻辑上的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。
hasn’t reached us.
(同位语从句, order和从句没有逻辑关系)
(定语从句, day是founded 的逻辑③ 同位语从句主要由连接词 引导,及what, when, where, who, whether, how等
引导;
定语从句由关系that, as, which, whose或关系when,
where, why引导。
④ 引导同位语从句的连词 （可以/不可以）省略;
引导定语从句的关系代词作宾语时常省略。
The news that he has been elected monitor of our class is true.
The news (that) he told me is exciting.
⑤ 同位语从句与先行词一般可变成一个完整句子, 谓语动词用be的不同形式。定语从
句则不能。
He heard the news that their team had won.
→: The news was that their team had won.
即学即用
一、把下面两个句子连成一个含同位语从句的复合句。
1. Two fifths of all girls in America are on a diet.//The fact worries their parents and teachers
a lot.
2. The Queen of England was on a four-day visit in China.//We heard the news last night.
3. Teenagers shouldn’t spend too much time online. //Many Chinese parents hold the view.
4. Time travel is possible.//We have no scientific proof for the idea.
5. Students should be given more free time.//The suggestion is welcomed by many people.
二． 请用适当的词填空，使下列句子意思完整。
1. They expressed the hope _______ they would come over to China soon.
2. The fact _______ he didn’t see Tom this morning is true.
3. Word has come _______ some American guests will come to our college for a visit next
week.
4. He can’t answer the question _______ he got the money from his home yesterday.
5. Do you have any idea _______ is actually going on in the classroom?
6. The problem _______ we should have the meeting in the hall now must be decided at once.
三、. 下列各句中均有一处错误，请改正。
1. Our team has won the game, that made us very happy.
2. I’ve come with a message from Mr Wang how he won’t be able to see you this afternoon.
3. He must answer the question if he agrees with what she said or not.
4. I’ve read the book where you gave me the day before yesterday.
5. One of the men held the pinion when what the book said was right.
Post-class课后：
一、填入适当的连接词，并判断是定语从句还是同位语从句：
he used to be a thief is known to all.
2. We were surprised by the fact _______ she told us.
3. The next thing ____ must be done is to make a plan.
our army had won the battle.
5. The president has given an order everyone in the country should prepare for
might last for several years.
a hurricane is likely to come.
he has told a lie.
anxious I was! you left it.
we were to get the machines needed.
二、翻译 把下列句子翻译成英语。
1.
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