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个人独资企业法全文

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个人独资企业法全文 第一篇_个人独资企业法释义(实用)

中华人民共和国个人独资企业法释义

主 编:卞耀武(全国人大常委会法制工作委员会副主任)

副主编:何永坚(全国人大常委会法制工作委员会经济法室助理巡视员)

田燕苗(全国人大常委会法制工作委员会经济法室副处长)

撰稿人:

卞耀武 何永坚 田燕苗 王 清

王 柏 李建国 杨合庆

目 录

第一部分 绪论

个人独资企业的基本规范和法律保障

第二部分 释义

第一章 总则

第二章 个人独资企业的设立

第三章 个人独资企业的投资人及事务管理

第四章 个人独资企业的解散和清算

第五章 法律责任

第六章 附则

第一部分 绪论 个人独资企业的基本规范和法律保障

中华人民共和国个人独资企业法,于1999年8月30日由第九届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十一次会议通过,并于2000年1月1日起实施。对这部重要的经济法律在表决通过时,共有常委会组成人员132人参加表决,其中124人赞成,2人反对,6人弃权。

个人独资企业法是一部什么样的法律;它的立法依据是什么;在企业立法中它的特点以及与其他企业形式的比较;个人独资企业的设立与其事务管理;对个人独资企业合法权益的保护;个人独资企业的社会责任和对其职工权益的维护;个人独资企业的解散和清算等问题,都需要根据立法内容进行分析阐述,以有助于掌握、运用这部法律,本文即以此为目的进行介绍和论述。

一、个人独资企业法的立法依据

这就是为什么要制定个人独资企业法的问题,或者说,为什么要以个人独资企业作为调整对象来制定这部法律,在什么样的理论基础上作立法考虑的。

对于这个问题,首先需要确认的重要事实是,在现代的社会经济生活中,有一大批的企业存在着,并且在广泛的领域中活动,这些企业采取了三种基本形式,即:公司企业、合伙企业、个人独资企业。这里已经清楚地表明,企业存在着三种基本形式,个人独资企业为其中的一种,这就是个人独资企业法的立法依据,也相应地形成了个人独资企业法立法的理论基础。

企业划分为三种基本形式,或称为三种基本形态、三种类型,在国外是比较普遍的做法,他们认为这是反映企业实际状况的,是科学的、合理的。我在1994年写作的《公司法的理论与实务》一书中曾写道,从历史上考察,企业的组织形式有三大类,一类是独资企业,又称之为业主企业;第二类是合伙形式,又称之为合伙企业;第三类是公司形式;这三种基本形式的出现和发挥作用,实际上是一个伴随着社会经济发展的企业组织形式的进步过程;当然,这三种形式的企业,各有其产生和存在的客观条件,是一个接一个的向前发展,但又不是一个完全代替另外一个,即使在公司形式被普遍采用的同时,独资

形式、合伙形式仍然有各自的作用,并仍然大量存在。在现代经济中,三种形式的企业同时存在,这是一个客观的事实,关于企业的立法活动正是在这个客观事实的基础上进行考虑和实施的。

八届全国人大常委会制定立法规划时,在其规范市场主体的法律中,确定要分别制定公司法、合伙企业法、独资企业法,这就是考虑了中国的企业存在三种基本形式,并需要分别立法予以规范。在九届全国人大立法规划中,鉴于公司法、合伙企业法已经制定,而将独资企业法继续纳入规划,这就表明企业存在三种基本形式的事实没有变化,仍然需要以此为基础完善企业立法,制定个人独资企业法是必要的。

上面就个人独资企业法立法的基本依据作了叙述,下面就其涉及到的一些观念和情况作简要介绍。

1.有人提到个人独资企业算不算企业

这就涉及到了如何理解企业这个概念的问题。可以说,在现今的社会经济生活中,人们不断地接触到企业,也承认企业的普遍存在,但是企业是什么,却是众说纷坛,各有不同的理解:比如,有人认为企业就是企求达成自己某种目的和同时满足他人需要的事业;有人认为企业是谋取利润的经济组织;有人认为企业是作为生产单位而设立的;有人认为企业是具有法人资格的社会经济组织;有人认为企业是一种代替市场来协调生产的组织,此外,还有若干不同的见解。由于对企业这个概念存在着理解上的差异,也由于在某一个特定时期对企业这个概念的有限制地使用,也会对人们的观念产生影响,从而产生个人独资企业是否可以称作企业的疑虑。并且这种疑虑在中国的相当一部分人中是存在的,需要适当说明。

对于企业这个概念的理解,一般地说,应当是从事生产经营活动的实体,它作为社会的基本经济单位独立存在,有自己的财产和独立的利益,从事生产经营的目的是为了营利,它在市场中,就是一个市场主体,根据一定的条件和程序登记设立,内部管理有一定的规范。可以说,这些都是企业的一般特征。而对于这个企业是由一个人投资还是由许多人投资;是规模比较大还是规模小;企业的投资人对企业的债务承担有限责任还是承担无限责任;企业是属于什么所有制的;企业是从事生产的还是从事商业服务的或者兼而有之的,等等,这些都不是认定企业的标准,也就是不属于企业的基本特征,而属于是企业形式、企业规模、企业经济性质、企业经营范围的问题。根据这种理解和分析,个人独资企业应当是一种企业,它具有企业的特征,并且作为一种企业形式还有自己的特点,这将在本文的后面内容中作具体分析。

2.有关企业三种基本形式的立法实践

在中国,长期以来对企业的立法是以所有制的划分为基础的,比如,制定的中华人民共和国全民所有制工业企业法,就是以国有工业企业为调整对象的;制定的中华人民共和国企业破产法就是只适用于全民所有制企业;又比如,制定的中华人民共和国乡村集体所有制企业条例和城镇集体所有制企业条例,都是以集体所有制为基础来规范企业活动的;在1988年制定了中华人民共和国私营企业暂行条例,是以私营企业为对象来进行规范的。这种根据所有制来立法规范企业的状况,直到1993年制定中华人民共和国公司法时才被突破。公司法不是以所有制为基础而是以企业的投资形式、责任形式为划分标准来规范企业的,这是按照企业的基本形式制定的第一部法律;1997年又制定了中华人民共和国合伙企业法,这是按照企业基本形式制定的第二部法律。这样,在企业的三种基本形式中,唯有对个人独资企业尚未立法,因而制定个人独资企业法便成为完善企业立法的一种实际需要,是继续完成按企业基本形式健全立法的必然要求。

3.国外独资企业的一些情况

在许多国家中都存在着企业的三种基本形式,甚至可以说这在世界上是一个较为普遍的现象。在美国萨缪尔森和诺德豪斯合著的经济学一书中写道,在80年代,美国存在着1600多万个企业单位;其中大部分是非常微小的单位,它为一个人所有,即单人业主制;一些是合伙制,较大的企业趋于采用公司的形式。在德国的法律中,商人可以是个人企业,也可以是由多个主体联合组成的商事合伙或公司;个人企业即单个自然人出资的独资企业,由德国商法典对其进行调整,在1986年,德国独资企业占其企业总数的76%。日本的企业组织形式,包括个人企业和法人企业两大类,个人企业又称独资企业,在日本

【个人独资企业法全文】

有关中小企业的法律中,所指的企业中包括公司也包括个人的经营。在法国商法典中,商人是以从事商事活动并以其作为经常性职业的人。商人的身份中又分为自然人商人和法人商人。一个自然人以个人的名义从事商事活动并以此作为其经常性职业,经过商事登记,这就形成了一个独资企业。在许多国家,尽管用不同的表述方式来确立企业的三种基本形式,但是都表明了这三种基本形式确实在现实中存在着,并且在法律中得到了确认,有了一定的法律地位。【个人独资企业法全文】

二、个人独资企业的基本特点以及与公司、合伙企业的比较分析

个人独资企业的基本特点或者说是它的主要特征,在个人独资企业法的第二条中作出了规定,就是依法设立的,由一个自然人投资,财产为投资人个人所有,投资人以其个人财产对企业债务承担无限责任的经营实体。这项规定的内容,将在下面进行分析,以便于使人们能客观地认识个人独资企业的优势及其不足,并进而引申出对个人独资企业作用的一些评价。当然,要对这种企业形式作出分析评价,还需要将其与合伙、公司这两种形式加以比较,分析它们各自存在与发展的背景,各自的优势与受到的限制,现实经济生活对它们的要求。

(一)个人独资企业的基本特点

这种特点也就是个人独资企业区别于其他企业形式的关键所在,或称区别性。

1.个人独资企业是由一个自然人投资的企业。它的特点表现在投资主体和投资形式上,对投资主体的要求为必须是自然人。所谓自然人,这是一个法律上的概念,在法律上,将人分成两类,一类是自然人,是基于自然界中的人;另一类是法律人,是法律拟制的人。自然人是有生命的人,法人则是一种团体,是法律赋予其人格的团体人。对自然人,重要的分类是成年人和未成年人,正常人与精神病人。在中国的法律上,将自然人称为公民,民法通则中规定,公民从出生时起到死亡时止,具有民事权利能力,依法享有民事权利,承担民事义务;公民的民事权利能力一律平等;公民的行为能力则依据对自然人的分类,区分为完全民事行为能力人、限制民事行为能力人、无民事行为能力人。从法理上讲,自然人参加民事法律关系活动,以具有权利能力作为前提,在自己为法律行为时,还应当具有行为能力。在个人独资企业法中,作为投资主体的必须是法律意义上的自然人。对于投资形式的要求为只能是一个自然人的投资,只有一个人的投资才能称得上是独资,两个以上的人进行投资,显而易见就不是一种单独的投资,不属于独资的形式。所以限于是自然人,同时又是一个自然人投资创立的,这就是个人独资企业的显著特征,或者说是决定其本质属性的特征。

2.个人独资企业的财产为投资人个人所有。这个特点是由前一个特点所决定的。在市场经济中所通行的谁投资、谁所有的原则,在个人独资企业法中同样适用,个人独资企业只有一个自然人作为投资人,也就是个人独资企业的财产只来源于这个投资人的投资,因此,这个企业的财产应当归属于这个投资人所有。而这个投资人,只是一个个人,他所作的投资是其个人财产,并不涉及他个人以外的财产,并不出现投资人以外的另一个个人作为投资主体,所以个人独资企业的财产仅为投资人个人所有,这是个人独资企业的基本特点。这个特点反映了个人独资企业的基本财产关系。个人独资企业法所确立的这种财产关系,也是宪法原则的体现,在我国宪法中明确规定,国家保护公民的合法的收入、储蓄、房屋和其他合法财产的所有权;民法通则规定,财产所有权是指所有人依法对自己的财产享有占有、使用、收益和处分的权利。这里,依据宪法的原则确立了个人独资企业投资人所享有的财产所有权,从而也确定了个人独资企业投资人对所投资企业的财产享有的占有、使用、收益和处分的权利。或者说,个人独资企业投资人对所投资企业的财产,与其个人的财产并无实质上的区别,个人独资企业的经营成果概归其个人所得,一个企业完全为一个人所拥有,它的全部财产权利归属于一个人。

3.个人独资企业的投资人以其个人财产对企业债务承担无限责任。这是个人独资企业的一个重要特点,它表现在责任形式上,就是个人独资企业的投资人作为债务人,要以其全部个人财产对其所投资的个人独资企业债务承担责任。所以采取这种责任形式,根本原因在于个人独资企业为其投资人一人所拥有,收益为其个人所得,企业的风险、企业的债务均应由其个人承担;并且由于个人独资企业的财产与

其投资人的个人财产是不可分离的,企业如果负有债务,投资人的个人财产也同样作为偿付债务的标的,或者说,个人独资企业的投资人,用于投资在个人独资企业的财产和其他个人财产,都一起构成了清偿企业债务的基础,作为清偿债务的保证。关于无限责任,在这部法律的审议过程中,曾有人担心投资人的全部个人财产不足以清偿全部债务时,是否个人的生活资料都一无所有了,这种担心是不必要的,在那种情况下,清偿债务和个人的生活条件都会依法处置的;还有的人提及,无限责任是否意味着无限期地以个人收入清偿债务,应当说,这种无限责任的实质是以其个人全部财产清偿债务,个人财产是不断变化的,应当以当时个人所实际拥有的财产为界限,一般不应当将个人在今后仅仅是可能有的收入计算在内,这样比较合理。

4.个人独资企业是一个经营实体。这是个人独资企业作为企业而言的一个特点,也是对个人独资企业的一项基本要求。个人独资企业必须是一个实际存在的从事生产经营的单位,是能够实际享有权利和承担责任的主体,而不能是一个虚构的市场主体,不能是一个既不能拥有权利又不能承担责任的空洞的名义。个人独资企业只有成为经营实体,才有存在的价值,在市场中发挥作用,也才能有独立的利益,履行应尽的义务,成为权利义务主体。个人独资企业如何成为经营实体,在其设立条件中作了相应的规定,并在个人独资企业法第三十六条中专门规定,个人独资企业成立后无正当理由超过六个月未开业的,或者开业后自行停业连续六个月以上的,吊销营业执照。这项规定的目的是,个人独资企业在设立时必须是一个经营实体,而在成立后也必须持续地作为一个经营实体存在,不能名存实亡,成为一个虚置的名称。

(二)个人独资企业的优势及其局限性

个人独资企业的基本特点,决定了这种企业形式的优势,也决定了它的局限性。个人独资企业历史悠久,几千年前它已经存在,在历史上,农业、商业、手工业、渔业、家庭作坊等多数采用这种形式。一般地说,它的优势在于:

(1)个人投资,设立容易。因为是一个人投资,个人决策即可设立,无须与其他人在一起按照议事程序制定章程,申请、登记也比较简便。

(2)规模较小,灵活多样。个人独资企业为一人出资,一般都规模较小,或者说,绝大多数是小规模的经营,能适应市场迅速多样的变化,以多样化的经营适应市场多样的需要。

(3)个人经营,效率较高。个人独资企业往往是所有者与经营者集于一体,业主自行决定经营事项,效率高、行动快,这种运营方式使个人独资企业更易于贴近市场,更富于竞争力。

(4)吸纳劳动力,扩大就业。个人独资企业点多、面广、数量大,可以吸纳一大批人就业,服务于社会,也为自己谋利。截止1998年底,全国共有个体工商业户3120.2万户,从业人员6114.4万人;还有在企业登记系统登记的由个人投资的独资企业44.17万户,也有数百万的从业人员,这两项数字中将有相当大的一部分按个人独资企业法的规定转变为个人独资企业,那将是一个很可观的从业人数。在今后,也会有一批人采用个人独资企业这种形式进行就业。

(5)有利于扩大社会投资。举办个人独资企业,从事生产经营,就是将社会闲散资金转入投资领域,这种投资的数额会随着个人独资企业所发挥的作用和企业素质的提高而有所变化。

(6)有利于适应产品、服务创新的需要。个人独资企业规模小,又比较灵活,在市场竞争中以创新求生存,用创新来满足社会的多样化需要,争取市场空间;同时,现代科学技术的发展,现代生产工具日趋小型化,也使个人独资企业这种企业形式在产品和服务方面增添了发展的机会,这对国民经济发展也同样是需要的。

上面是从个人独资企业的优势方面进行的分析,与此同时也应当注意到个人独资企业的一些局限性:

(1)在经营管理知识和能力上的局限性。个人独资企业的所有权及经营管理权都集中在投资人一人身上,往往是企业的进退受这个人的知识与能力的状况影响很大;同时也要看到,个人的精力、经验都是有限制的,这种限制也会影响到企业。

(2)经营规模上的限制。个人独资企业由一个自然人投资,个人的资金在大多数情况下是有限的,这就影响了企业的规模,即使个别人资金雄厚,可以充实资金,但在企业形式的选择上又会限制了这种

个人独资企业法全文 第二篇_个人独资企业法

个人独资企业法

一、万某因出国留学将自己的独资企业委托陈某管理,并授权陈某在5万元以内的开支和50万元以内的交易可自行决定。设若第三人对此授权不知情,则陈某受托期间实施的下列哪一行为为我国法律所禁止或无效?

A.未经万某同意与某公司签订交易额为100万元的合同

B.未经万某同意将自己的房屋以1万元出售给本企业

C.未经万某同意向某电视台支付广告费8万元

D.未经万某同意聘用其妻为企业销售主管

答案及解析:B 根据个人独资企业法第20条的规定,投资人委托或者聘用的管理个人独资企业事务的人员不得有下列行为,未经投资人同意,同本企业订立合同或者进行交易。

二、甲以个人财产设立一独资企业,后甲病故,其妻和其子女(均已满18岁)都明确表示不愿继承该企业,该企业只得解散。该企业解散时,应由谁进行清算?

A.应由其子女进行清算

B.应由其妻进行清算

C.应由其妻和其子女共同进行清算

D.应由债权人申请法院指定清算人进行清算

答案及解析:D 个人独资企业第27条规定,个人独资企业解散,由投资人自行清算或者由债权人申请人民法院指定清算人进行清算。因此,个人独资企业的清算原则上以投资人为其清算人。但经债权人申请,人民法院得指定投资人以外的人为清算人。

三、个人独资企业的投资人对企业债务承担何种责任?

A.以出资额为限承担责任

B.以企业财产为限承担责任

C.以其个人财产承担无限责任

D.以其个人财产承担连带无限责任

答案及解析:C。本题测试个人独资企业的投资人对企业债务的责任。

《个人独资企业法》第2条规定:“本法所称个人独资企业,是指依照本法在中国境内设立,由一个自然人担资,财产为投资人个人所有,投资人以其个人财产对企业债务承担无限责任的经营实体。”第31条规定:“个人独资企业财产不足以清偿债务的,投资人应当以其个人的其他财产予以清偿。”据此,应选C。

四、个人独资企业解散后,按照个人独资企业法的规定,原投资人对企业存续期间的债务是否承担责任?【个人独资企业法全文】

A.仍应承担责任

B.不再承担责任

C.仍应承担责任,但债权人在5年内未向债务人提出偿债请求的,该责任消灭

D.仍应承担责任,但债权人在2年内未向债务人提出偿债请求的,该责任消灭

个人独资企业法全文 第三篇_个人独资企业法

第四章 个人独资企业法和合伙企业法【个人独资企业法全文】

最近3年题型题量分析

第一节 个人独资企业法

个人独资企业的性质 设立条件 事务管理 解散清算

【例题1】万某因出国留学将自己的个人独资企业委托陈某管理,并授权陈某在5万元以内的开支和50万元以内的交易可自行决定。假设第三人对此授权不知情,则陈某在受托期间实施的下列行为中,属于法律禁止或无效的是( )。

A、未经万某同意与某公司签订交易额为100万元的合同 B、未经万某同意将自己的房屋以1万元出售给本企业 C、未经万某同意向某电视台支付广告费8万元 D、未经万某同意将企业的商标有偿转让 【答案】BD

【例题2】林某以个人财产出资设立—个人独资企业,聘请陈某管理该企业事务。林某病故后,因企业负债较多,林某的妻子作为惟一继承人明确表示不愿继承该企业,该企业只得解散。根据《个人独资企业法》的规定,关于该企业清算人的下列表述中,正确的是( )。 A、由陈某进行清算

B、由林某的妻子进行清算 C、由债权人进行清算

D、由债权人申请法院指定清算人进行清算 【答案】D

【例题3】某个人独资企业由王某以个人财产出资设立。该企业因经营不善被解散,其财产不足以清偿所欠债务,对尚未清偿的债务,下列处理方式中,符合规定的是( )。(2006年)

【个人独资企业法全文】

A、不再清偿

B、以王某的其他财产予以清偿,仍不足清偿的,则不再清偿 C、以王某的家庭共有财产予以清偿,仍不足清偿的,则不再清偿

D、债权人在企业解散后5年内未提出偿债请求的,王某不再承担清偿责任 【答案】D

【例题4】张某于2000年3月设立个人独资企业。2000年5月,该企业与甲公司签订一份买卖合同,根据合同约定,该企业应于2000年8月支付给甲公司货款15万元,该企业一直未支付该款项。2001年1月该企业解散。2003年5月,甲公司起诉张某,要求张某偿还上述15万元债务。根据《个人独资企业法》的规定,下列表述中,错误的是( )。

A、该企业已经解散,甲公司的债权已经消灭

B、甲公司可以要求张某以其个人财产承担15万元的债务

C、甲公司请求张某偿还债务已超过诉讼时效,其请求不能得到支持 D、甲公司请求张某偿还债务的期限应于2003年1月届满 【答案】ACD

第二节 合伙企业法

一、普通合伙企业

【例题1】甲与乙、丙成立普通合伙企业,甲被推举为合伙事务执行人,乙、丙授权甲在3万元以内的开支及30万元内的业务可以自行决定。甲在任职期间内实施的下列行为中,( )属于法律禁止或无效的行为。

A、自行决定向善意的A公司支付广告费5万元

B、未经乙、丙同意,与善意的B公司签订50万元的合同 C、未经乙、丙同意,将自有房屋以1万元租给合伙企业 D、与其妻子一道经营与合伙企业相同的业务 【答案】CD

【例题2】根据《合伙企业法》的规定,普通合伙企业出现亏损时,由合伙人分担责任。下列有关亏损分担的表述中,正确的有( )。(2003年)

【个人独资企业法全文】

A、合伙协议有约定比例的,按约定比例分担 B、合伙协议没有约定比例的,由合伙人协商决定 C、合伙协议没有约定比例的,由各合伙人平均分担

D、合伙协议可以约定由执行合伙事务的合伙人承担全部亏损 【答案】AB

【例题3】甲、乙、丙为某合伙企业的合伙人。该合伙企业向丁借款15万元,甲、乙、丙之间约定,如果到期合伙企业无力偿还该借款,甲、乙、丙各自负责偿还5万元。借款到期时,该合伙企业没有财产向丁清偿。下列关于该债务清偿的表述中,正确的有( )。(2005年)

A、丁有权直接向甲要求偿还15万元

B、只有在甲、乙确实无力清偿的情况下,丁才有权要求丙偿还15万元 C、乙仅负有向丁偿还5万元的义务

D、丁可以根据各合伙人的实际财产情况,要求甲偿还10万元,乙偿还3万元,丙偿还 2万元

【答案】AD

【例题4】甲向乙借款4万元作为出资与他人合伙设立了一家食品厂(普通合伙企业)。借款到期后,乙要求甲偿还借款,甲个人财产不足以清偿。下列有关偿还借款的方式中,正确的有( )。(2004年)

个人独资企业法全文 第四篇_个人独资企业法

Sole Proprietorship Enterprise Law of the People's Republic of China

Contents

Chapter One: General Provisions

Chapter Two: Establishment of Sole Proprietorship Enterprise

Chapter Three: Sole Proprietor and Management of the Sole Proprietor Enterprise's Affairs Chapter Four: Dissolution and Liquidation of Sole Proprietorship Enterprise

Chapter Five: Legal Liabilities

Chapter Six: Supplementary Provisions

Chapter One: General Provisions

Article 1 With a view to regulate the activities of sole proprietorship enterprises, to protect the lawful rights and interests of sole proprietors and creditors of sole proprietorship enterprises, to safeguard the social and economic order, and to promote the development of socialist market economy, this Law is formulated in accordance with the Constitution.

Article 2 For purposes of this Law, a sole proprietorship enterprise means a business entity established within China with its capital contributed by one individual and its assets owned personally by the sole proprietor, who assumes unlimited liability to the extent of his personal assets.

Article 3 A sole proprietorship enterprise's main place of business shall be its domicile.

Article 4 In conducting business activities, a sole proprietorship enterprise shall abide by law and administrative regulations, as well as the principle of good faith and may not harm the public interests.

A sole proprietorship enterprise shall fulfill its obligation to pay tax in accordance with the law. Article 5 The state shall protect the property and other lawful rights and interests of a sole proprietorship enterprise in accordance with the law.

Article 6 A sole proprietorship enterprise shall hire workers in accordance with the law. The lawful rights and interests of its workers are protected by law.

The workers of the sole proprietorship enterprise shall establish a labor union in accordance with the law, and the labor union shall conduct its activities in accordance with the law.

Article 7 A member of the Chinese Communist Party in a sole proprietorship enterprise shall conduct his activities in accordance with the Charter of the Chinese Communist Party. Chapter Two: Establishment of Sole Proprietorship Enterprise

Article 8 For the establishment of a sole proprietorship enterprise, the following conditions shall be met:

(i) The sole proprietor is a natural person;

(ii) There is a lawful enterprise name;

(iii) There is capital contribution declared by the sole proprietor;

(iv) There is a permanent place and the necessary conditions for production and operation; (v) There are necessary personnel.

Article 9 In establishing a sole proprietorship enterprise, the sole proprietor or the agent appointed thereby shall submit such documents as an application for the establishment of a sole proprietorship enterprise, proof of identity of the sole proprietor, proof of use of the place for

production and operation, etc. to the registration authority of the place where the sole proprietorship enterprise will be located. Where an agent is appointed to apply for the establishment of the sole proprietorship enterprise, the power of attorney issued by the sole proprietor and the legal identity of the agent shall be presented.

A sole proprietorship enterprise may not engage in any business prohibited by law or administrative regulations; where the sole proprietorship enterprise intends to engage in any business which requires approval by the relevant authority, the approval document issued by the relevant authority shall be presented at the time of applying for establishment registration.

Article 10 The application form for the establishment of a sole proprietorship enterprise shall set forth the following:

(i) name and domicile of the enterprise;

(ii) name and residence of the sole proprietor;

(iii) the amount and form of capital contribution;

(iv) the scope of business.

Article 11 The name of a sole proprietorship enterprise shall be consistent with its form of liability and its type of business.

Article 12 Within fifteen days of its receipt of the application documents, the registration authority shall register the sole proprietorship enterprise and issue a business license thereto if the documents comply with the requirements set forth herein, or deny registration and issue a written response stating the reason for denial.

Article 13 The date of issuance of the business license for a sole proprietorship enterprise shall be the date of its establishment.

Prior to issuance of a business license for sole proprietorship enterprise, the sole proprietor may not engage in any business in the name of the sole proprietorship enterprise.

Article 14 In establishing a branch of a sole proprietorship enterprise, the sole proprietor or an agent appointed thereby shall submit an application for registration to the registration authority of the place where the branch will be located, and the branch shall be issued a business license.

Upon approval and registration of the branch, its registration certificate shall be filed with the registration authority having jurisdiction over the sole proprietorship enterprise to which such branch belongs.

The civil liabilities of the branch shall be borne by the sole proprietorship enterprise establishing such branch.

Article 15 Where during its existence, a sole proprietorship enterprise undergoes a change which affects a registered item, an application for registration amendment shall be submitted to the registration authority in accordance with the law within fifteen days of the decision to make such change.

Chapter Three: Sole Proprietor and Management of the Sole Proprietor Enterprise's Affairs

Article 16 A person who is prohibited from engaging in any for-profit activity may not apply for the establishment of a sole proprietorship enterprise as a sole proprietor.

Article 17 A sole proprietor has lawful title to the assets of the sole proprietorship enterprise, and any related right may be assigned or inherited in accordance with the law.

Article 18 Where at the time of application for establishment, the sole proprietor expressly declares any property jointly owned by his family as capital contribution, he shall assume unlimited liability to the extent of such joint property in accordance with the law.

Article 19 A sole proprietor may manage the affairs of the sole proprietorship enterprise by himself, and may also appoint or hire another person with the capacity for civil act to manage the sole proprietorship enterprise.

Where a sole proprietor appoints or hires another person to manage the affairs of the sole proprietorship enterprise, he shall conclude with the agent or employee a written contract prescribing the entrusted affairs and the scope of authority granted.

The agent or employee shall perform the obligations of good faith and due care, and manage the affairs of the sole proprietorship enterprise in accordance with the contract with the sole proprietor.

Any restriction by the sole proprietor on the authority of the agent or employee shall not constitutes a defense against a third person in good faith.

Article 20 The person appointed or hired by the sole proprietor to manage the affairs of the sole proprietorship enterprise may not engage in any of the following conducts:

(i) demanding or accepting bribes by usurping his official position;

(ii) converting property of the sole proprietorship enterprise by usurping his official position or working relationship;

(iii) misappropriating funds of the sole proprietorship enterprise by using them for his own purpose or lending them to a third person.

(iv) depositing funds of the sole proprietorship enterprise in his own name or in the name of any third person without authorization;

(v) pledging assets of the sole proprietorship enterprise as security without authorization;

(vi) engaging in any business in competition with the sole proprietorship enterprise without consent by the sole proprietor;

(vii) entering into any contract or conducting any transaction with the sole proprietorship enterprise without consent by the sole proprietor;

(viii) assigning any trademark or other intellectual property of the sole proprietorship enterprise to a third person for use without consent by the sole proprietor;

(ix) disclosing trade secrets of the sole proprietorship enterprise;

(x) any other act prohibited by law or administrative regulations.

Article 21 A sole proprietorship enterprise shall set up accounting books and conduct accounting in accordance with the law.

Article 22 Where a sole proprietorship enterprise employs workers, it shall enter into labor contracts with the workers, and ensure workplace safety and make full and timely payment of wages.

Article 23 A sole proprietorship enterprise shall participate in the social insurance scheme in accordance with the relevant stipulations of the state, and shall pay social insurance premiums for its workers.

Article 24 A sole proprietorship enterprise may apply for loan and acquire land-use-rights in accordance with the law, and shall enjoy other rights prescribed by law or administrative regulations.

Article 25 No entity or individual may force a sole proprietorship enterprise to contribute funds, goods or labor in any manner in violation of law or administrative regulations; a sole proprietorship enterprise is entitled to reject any attempt forcing it to contribute funds, goods or labor in violation of law.

Chapter Four: Dissolution and Liquidation of Sole Proprietorship Enterprise

Article 26 A sole proprietorship enterprise shall be dissolved in any of the following circumstances:

(i) The sole proprietor decides to dissolve the sole proprietorship enterprise;

(ii) The sole proprietor is deceased or is declared deceased, and there is no heir or the heir has renounced his inheritance;

(iii) Its business license is lawfully revoked;

(iv) Any other situation prescribed by law or administrative regulations has occurred.

Article 27 Where a sole proprietorship enterprise is to be dissolved, the sole proprietor shall conduct liquidation himself, or the creditors thereof may apply to the People's Court to designate a liquidator to conduct liquidation.

Where the sole proprietor conducts liquidation himself, he shall notify the creditors fifteen days prior to liquidation, and where he is unable to give notice, he shall make a public announcement. A creditor who has received such notice shall file a claim with the sole proprietor within thirty days of notification, and a creditor who has not received such notice shall file a claim with the sole proprietor within sixty days of the public announcement.

Article 28 Upon dissolution of a sole proprietorship enterprise, the former sole proprietor shall be liable to repay the debt incurred by the sole proprietorship enterprise during its existence, provided that any claim not made by the relevant creditor within five years shall be extinguished.

Article 29 Upon dissolution of a sole proprietorship enterprise, its assets shall be paid out in the following order of priority:

(i) wages and social insurance premiums payable;

(ii) taxes payable;

(iii) other debts.

Article 30 During liquidation, a sole proprietorship enterprise may not engage in any business activity unrelated to the liquidation. The sole proprietor may not transfer or conceal the property of the sole proprietorship enterprise prior to full payment of its debt.

Article 31 Where the assets of a sole proprietorship enterprise are not sufficient to repay its debts in full, the sole proprietor shall contribute his other personal assets to cover the difference.

Article 32 Upon completion of the liquidation of a sole proprietorship enterprise, the sole proprietor or the liquidator designated by the People's Court shall prepare a liquidation report, and shall conduct de-registration with the registration authority within fifteen days.

Chapter Five: Legal Liabilities

Article 33 Where a sole proprietor, in violation of the provisions hereof, obtains registration for the sole proprietorship enterprise by submitting false documents or by other fraudulent means, he shall be ordered to rectify the situation, and shall be fined not more than five thousand Yuan; where the circumstance is serious, its business license shall be concurrently revoked.

Article 34 Where the name of a sole proprietorship enterprise, in contravention to the provisions hereof, is not consistent with the name registered with the registration authority, the sole proprietorship enterprise shall be ordered to rectify the situation within a prescribed time limit, and shall be fined not more than two thousand Yuan.

Article 35 Where a sole proprietorship enterprise alters, rents or assigns its business license to any other person, it shall be ordered to rectify the situation, and any resulting illegal income shall be confiscated, and the sole proprietorship enterprise shall be fined not more than three thousand

Yuan; where the circumstance is serious, its business license shall be revoked.

Where a person falsifies the business license of a sole proprietorship enterprise, he shall be ordered to cease his business, and any illegal income shall be confiscated, and he shall be fined not more than five thousand Yuan. Where such act constitutes a crime, criminal liability shall be imposed in accordance with the law.

Article 36 If a sole proprietorship enterprise fails to commence business within six months from the time of its establishment, or it ceases to carry out its business for more than six consecutive months, its business license shall be revoked.

Article 37 Where a person, in violation of the provisions hereof, engages in any business activity in the name of a sole proprietorship enterprise while no business license has been issued, he shall be ordered to cease such business activity, and he shall be fined not more than three thousand Yuan.

Where a registered item of a sole proprietorship enterprise has changed, if amendment registration is not carried out in accordance herewith, the sole proprietorship enterprise shall be ordered to carry out such registration within a prescribed time limit; where amendment registration is not carried out within the prescribed time limit, the sole proprietorship enterprise shall be fined not more than two thousand Yuan.

Article 38 If while conducting the affairs of the sole proprietorship enterprise, the person appointed or hired by a sole proprietor breaches the contract between them, thereby causing harm to the sole proprietor, such person shall be liable for civil damages.

Article 39 Where a sole proprietorship enterprise, in violation hereof, violates the lawful rights and interests of its workers, fails to ensure the safety of its workers or fails to pay their social insurance premiums, it shall be sanctioned in accordance with the relevant laws or administrative regulations, and liability shall be imposed on the relevant person.

Article 40 Where the person appoi

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