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2013年12月大学英语四级考试真题（一）
Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes)
Directions； For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief account of the impact of the Internet on learning and then explain why education doesn’t simply mean learning to obtain information. You should write at least IW words hut no more than 180 words.
"Once I learn how to use Google, isn’t that all the education I really need?"
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)
Section A
Directions： In this section, you will hear H short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will he asked about what ms said. Both the conversation and the questions^^11 be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, You must read the choices marked A),B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
1. A) The woman is now working in a kindergarten.
B) The man will soon start a business of his own.
C) The man would like to be a high school teacher.
D) The woman is going to major in child education.
2. A) The furniture has to be rearranged.
B) The sound equipment has to be set up.
C) The conference room has to be cleaned.
D) The video machine has to be checked.
3. A) She is exhausted. C) She cannot finish work in time.
B) She is near-sighted. D) She cannot go straight home.
4. A) The woman is too particular about food.
B) He would rather have a meal an hour later.
C) The woman should order her food quickly.
D) He usually prefers ice-cream to sandwiches.
5. A) He is not a good mechanic.
B) He doesn’t keep his promises.
C) He spends his spare time doing repairs.
D) He is always ready to offer help to others.
6. A) Sam has a big family to support.
B) Sam is not interested in traveling.
C) The pay offered by the travel agency is too low.
D) The work hours in the travel agency are too long.
7. A) International trade.
B) Product development.
C) Financial consulting.
D) Domestic retailing.
8. A) Go on a business trip.
B) Look for a job in Miami.
C) Make a ticket reservation.
D) Take a vacation
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
9. A) It is located on Route 18. C) It is a beautiful little town.
B) It has an interesting museum. D) It lies seven miles east of Newton.
10. A) They are in opposite directions. C) They are quite close to each other.
B) They are fifty-five miles apart. D) They are a long drive from Norwalk.
11. A) They are connected by Route 7. C) They have lots of old houses.
B) They are crowded with tourists. D) They have many rare plants.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12. A) Bring him up to date on the current situation in Milan.
B) Inform him of the arrangements for his trip in Italy.
C) Fetch the documents signed by Mr. Gartner.
D) Accompany Mr. Gartner to the Linate airport
13. A) About 8:30. C) About 5:30.
B) About 6:30. D) About 4:15.
14. A) Mr. Gartner from Milan. C) The company's sales representative
B) Gianni Riva at Megastar D) Gavin from the Chamber of Commerce
15. A) Travel agent. C) Secretary.
B) Business manager. D) Saleswoman
Section B
Directions； In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A ), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
Passage One
Questions 16 to 19 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16. A) She had a desire to help others. C) She needed some overseas experience.
B) She wanted to find out more about it. D) She was interested in farming.
17. A) Carry out a cultural exchange program. C) Learn Portuguese.
B) Work on an agricultural project. D) Teach English.
18. A) She found it difficult to secure a job in her own country.
B) She wanted to renew her contact with the Peace Corps.
C) She was invited to work as an English teacher.
D) She could not get the country out of her mind.
19. A) By teaching additional English classes.
B) By writing stories for American newspapers.
C) By working part time for the Peace Corps.
D) By doing odd jobs for local institutions.
Passage Two
Questions 20 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.
20. A) Time spent exercising. C) Time spent on leisure activities.
B) Time spent working. D) Time spent with friends and family.
21. A) Reading. C) Eating out.
B) Surfing the Web. D) Watching TV.
22. A) Driving. C) Going to the pub.
B) Gardening. D) Visiting friends.
Passage Three
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
23. A) The car driver was trying to avoid hitting a rabbit.
B) The car driver was partly responsible for the accident.
C) McLaughlin was talking to his manager while driving.
D) McLaughlin’s carelessness resulted in the collision.
24. A) He crashed into a car parked there. C) He tore down the company's main gate.
B) He knocked down several mailboxes. D) He did serious damage to a loaded truck.
25. A) He will lose his job. C) He will be fined heavily.
B) He will have to pay damages. D) He will receive retraining.
Section C
Directions：In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time，you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
When Captain Cook asked the chiefs in Tahiti why they always ate 26 , they replied, "Because it is right." If we ask Americans why they eat with knives and forks, or why their men wear pants 27 skirts, or why they may be married to only one person at a time, we are likely to get 28 and very uninformative answers:" Because it’s right." "Because that’s the way it’s done." "Because it’s the 29 " Or even "I don't know." The reason for these and countless other patterns of social behavior is that they are 30 by social norms-shared rules or guidelines which prescribe the behavior that is appropriate in a given situation. Norms 31 how people "ought" to behave under particular circumstances in a particular society. We conform (遵守）to norms so readily that we are hardly aware they 32 In fact, we are much more likely to
notice 33 from norms than conformity to them. You would not be surprised if a stranger tried to shake hands when you were introduced, but you might be a little 34 if they bowed, started to stroke you, or kissed you on both 35 Yet each of these other forms of greeting is appropriate in other parts of the world. When we visit another society whose norms are different, we quickly become aware that things we do this way, they do that way.
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions： In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter, Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.
What does it take to be a well-trained nurse? The answer used to be two-year associate's or four-year bachelor’s degree programs. But as the nursing shortage 36 , a growing number of schools and hospitals are establishing "fast-track programs" that enable college graduates with no nursing 37 to become registered nurses with only a year or so of 38 training.
In 1991. there were only 40 fast-track curricula; now there are more than 200. Typical is Columbia University's Entry to Practice program. Students earn their bachelor of science in nursing in a year. Those who stay on for an 39 two years can earn a master’s degree that 40 them as nurse practitioners (执业护士）or clinical nurse specialists.
Many students are recent 41 ; others are career switchers. Rudy Guardron, 32, a 2004 graduate of Columbia’s program, was a premedical student in college and then worked for a pharmaceutical (药物的）research company. At Columbia, he was 42 as a nurse practitioner. "I saw that nurses were in high 43 and it looked like a really good opportunity," he says' "Also, I didn't want to be in school for that long. ”
The fast-track trend fills a need, but it’s also creating some 44 between newcomers and veterans. "Nurses that are still at the bedside 45 these kids with suspicion," says Linda Pellico, who has taught nursing at Yale University for 18 years. "They wonder, how can they do it quicker? The answer is they don't.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
A） additional F） explores K） specialized B） applied G） graduates
L） tension C） demand H） operations M） trained D） excessive
I） promote N） view E） experience J） qualifies O） worsens
Section B
Directions： In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2.
The rise of the sharing economy
Last night 40 000 people rented accommodation from a service that offers 250 000 rooms in 30 000 cities in 192 countries. They chose their rooms and paid for everything online. But their beds were provided by private individuals, rather than a hotel chain. Hosts and guests were matched up by Airbnb, a firm based in San Francisco. Since its launch in 2008 more than 4 million people have used it—-2.5 million of them in 2012 alone. It is the most prominent example of a huge new "sharing economy", in which people rent beds, cars, boats and other assets directly from each other, co-ordinate via the internet.
A) You might think this is no different from running a bed-and-breakfast (家庭旅店),owning a timeshare (分时度假房）or participating in a car pool. But technology has reduced transaction costs, making sharing assets cheaper and easier than ever —and therefore possible on a much larger scale. The big change is the availability of more data about people and things, which allows physical assets to be divided and consumed as services. Before the internet, renting a surfboard, a power tool or a parking space from someone else was feasible, but was usually more trouble than it was worth. Now websites such as Airbnb, RelayRides and SnapGoods match up owners and renters； smartphones with GPS let people see where the nearest rentable car is parked; social networks provide a way to check up on people and build trust; and online payment systems handle the billing.
CET4级作文模板：
写作常用模板
对比观点题型
（1）要求论述两个对立己的看法。
有一些人认为
另一些人认为
看法
The topic of ①_________________（主题）is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions about it. Some people say A is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of ②_________________（支持A的理由一）What is more, ③_____________理由二）. Moreover, ④_______________（理由三）.
While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly,_________________（支持B的理由一）. Secondly （besides）,⑥__________________（理由二）. Thirdly （finally）,⑦__________________（理由三）.
From my point of view, I think ⑧________________（我的观点）. The reason is that ⑨____________________（原因）. As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice .
（2）给出一个观点，要求考生反对这一观点
Some people believe that ①________________（观点一）. For example, they think ②_________________（举例说明）．And it will bring them ③_________________（为他们带来的好处）.
In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point. For one thing,④_____________（我不同意该看法的理由一）. For another thing, ⑤_________________（反对的理由之二）．
Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that ⑥__________________（我对文章所讨论主题的看法）．
阐述主题题型
要求从一句话或一个主题出发，按照提纲的要求进行论述．
阐述名言或主题所蕴涵的意义．
分析并举例使其更充实．
The good old proverb ________________（名言或谚语）reminds us that ________________（释义）. Indeed, we can learn many things form it.
First of all,_________________（理由一）. For example, ___________________（举例说明）. Secondly,________________（理由二）. Another case is that _______________（举例说明）. Furthermore , __________________（理由三）．
In my opinion, ________________（我的观点）. In short, whatever you do, please remember the say______A. If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you‛ll necessarily benefit a lot from it. 解决方法题型
要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径
问题现状
怎样解决（解决方案的优缺点）
In recent days, we have to face I problem_____A, which is becoming more and more serious. First, ____________（说明Ａ的现状）．Second, _______________（举例进一步说明现状）
Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing, _______________（解决方法一）. For another _____________（解决方法二）. Finally, ______________（解决方法三）.
Personally, I believe that _____________（我的解决方法）. Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because ______________（带来的好处）.
议论文的框架
（1）不同观点列举型（ 选择型 ）
There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文题目_____. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 观点一________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.
People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______. In their point of view, on the one hand， ___原因一_______. On the other hand, ____原因二_____. Therefore, there is no doubt that ___观点二______.
As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______. It is not only because ________, but also because _________. The more _______, the more _______
（2）利弊型的议论文
Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over （the issue that）___作文题目______. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly, ___优点一______. And secondly ___优点二_____.
Just As a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides", __讨论议题______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with, ___缺点一______. In addition, ____缺点二______. To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.
（ 3 ） 答题性议论文
Currently, there is a widespread concern over （the issue that）__作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.
As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all, __途径一______. In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径二_____. Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文题目______, we should find a number of various ways. But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____.
（4） 谚语警句性议论文
It is well know to us that the proverb: " ___谚语_______" has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study. It means ____谚语的含义_______. The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows. （ also theoretically ）
A case in point is ___例子一______. Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____.
With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语_____. The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.. 图表作文的框架
as is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the table（graph/picture/pie/chart）, ___作文题目的议题_____ has been on rise/ decrease （goesup/increases/drops/decreases）,significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____. From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.
There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______. On the one hand, ________. On the other hand, _______ is due to the fact that ________. In addition, ________ is responsible for _______. Maybe there are some other reasons to show ________. But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are .
As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that _______. I am sure my opinion is both sound and well_grounded.
Hot Issue型
(1)模板一
With the development of modern industry, more and more people are concerned about the problem that ______________ (主题问题). Accordingly, _______________________________ (伴随主题问题出现的新问题) is becoming more and more serious.
Confronted with ___________________________ (主题问题), we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing, _________________________ (解决方法1). For another, _________________________________ (解决方法2). Finally, _________________________________ (解决方法
3).
As far as I am concerned, the best way out is ________________________ (解决方法3). Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because ____________________ (解决方法3的优点和好处).
(2)模板二
With the development of the society, with the advent of _____________ (相关事物或现象), we have to face a problem that ______________________ (主题问题).
What are the reasons for it? In the following paragraphs, I’ll venture to explore the reasons. To start with, _____________________ (阐述原因1). Moreover, __________________ (阐述原因2). In addition, _______________________ (阐述原因3).
In view of the seriousness of the problem, effective measures should be taken. For one thing, it is high time that people all over China realized the importance of __________________ (解决主题问题). For another, the government should issue strict laws and regulations in order to put the situation under control.
利弊型
(1)模板一
Nowadays many people prefer __________ (主题) because it plays a significant role in our daily life. Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. On the one hand, ________________ (主题的优点1). On the other hand, ___________________ (主题的优点2).
But everything can be divided into two. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadvantages is that ___________________ (主题的缺点1). To make matters worse, __________________________ (主题的缺点2).
Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects far outweigh its negative aspects. Whatever effects it has, one thing is certain, ________ (主题) itself is neither good nor bad. It is the uses to which it is put that determine its value to our society.
(2)模板二
With the development of science and human civilization, many formerly unimaginable things come into reality. Some of them have positive effects on our life, but some are distasteful. The phenomenon of ________ (主题现象) is an example of the former / latter one.
There are many factors that may account for it, and the following are the most conspicuous aspects. To start with, __________________ (原因1). Furthermore, ______________________ (原因2). Eventually, __________________________ (原因3).
Good as ____________ (主题现象) is, it has, unfortunately, its disadvantages. The apparent example is that ___________ (缺点例子1). In addition, ___________ (缺点例子2).
On the whole, the phenomenon is one of the results of the progress of the modern society. There is still a long way for us to improve / eliminate __________ (主题现象) and make our life more comfortable.
1）先背3个句子：
1、 Nowadays with the rapid development of advanced ……., more and more….. are commonly and widely used in everyday life.(讲重要性)
2 、The popularity of digital …will have great influence on our work, study and everyday life. On the one hand …, But on the other hand.（讲影响）
3、To conclude, …..are just like a double-edged sword. With them we may have less trouble dealing with problems in life and enjoy a better-off life. However, one point should be kept in mind that we should take sensible use of them , always being the master of them.（结尾段）
2）模板（2个模板）
1、开头段：先讲重要性，然后转讲不好的地方。
中间段：措施
结尾段：先来个小转折再进入总结
开头段Nowadays with the rapid development of advanced ……., more and more….. are commonly and widely used in everyday life. However, what worries most of us is that……
中间段 Firstly….Secondly…..Lastly but in no means least……
结尾段 To conclude, …..are just like a double-edged sword. With them we may have less trouble dealing with problems in life and enjoy a better-off life. However, one point should be kept in mind that we should take sensible use of them , always being the master of them.
2、开头段：先讲重要性，然后转讲争论
中间段：转折(即列出两种不同人的观点)
结尾段：直接进入总结（即你的观点）
开头段：It is accepted that …. Plays a significant part for both …, and what’s more , a lot of attention is being drawn to the change of….. However, whether … deserves such an attention , people’s ideas vary.
中间段：On the one hand, some people hold the view that …..
On the other hand, a great many people insist that….
结尾段：From my perspective, however…. (你的观点) . Therefore, it’s time that (措施之类的)
6级作文万能句子（补充在‚…..‛里面的万能句子，自己琢磨每个句子放在哪里比较适合）
重点背：1）5）6）7）句子，最好全部都被过一遍，自己琢磨怎么用。
1）Sth will make our life more enjoyable, that is to say, sth can add color to the dull routine of every day life. ……能让我们的生活更美好，也就是说，……可以给我们枯燥的生活带来色彩
2）For the majority of people, reading or learning a new skill has become the focus of their lives and the source of their happiness and contentment 对于很多人来说，学习一门新技术占据了他们的生活和充实了他们的生活。
3）……, by occupying spare time so constructively, makes a person contented, with no time for boredom. ……占据了某人大部分时间，使得某人没空想东想西（充实了某人生活）
4）What's more, living in school can save them a great deal of time on the way between home and school everyday, so they would be able to concentrate more time and energy on their academic work. 住校为学生省去了不少时间，这样学生可以把更多的时间用在学习上
5）Little by little, our knowledge will be well enriched, and our horizons will be greatly broadened. 一点一滴，这样做可以丰富我们的知识和拓宽我们的视野
6）For people who want to adopt a healthy and meaningful life style, it is important to find time to learn certain new knowledge. Just as an old saying goes: it is never too late to learn.对于想过一种有意义的人来说，抽空学习一门新技术很重要
7）The majority of students believe that part-time job will provide them with more opportunities to develop their interpersonal skills, which may put them in a favorable position in the future job markets.兼职可以让学生们学习个人技巧，这样可以在找工作时更有竞争力
8）By taking a major-related part-job, students can not only improve their academic studies, but gain much experience, experience they will never be able to get from the textbooks.学生不仅可以提高学习成绩，还可以获得在课本上学不到的工作经验
9）Now people in growing numbers are beginning to believe that learning new skills and knowledge contributes directly to enhancing their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.
10）1Sth can produce positive effects on …in more than one way.什么东西可带来好影响
2Sth may bring about negative impacts on …什么东西可带来不好的影响
2013年 6月大学英语四级考试真题 （标准卷）
Total score: 710 Total time allowed: 125 minutes
特注： 2013年 6月大学四级考试采用多题多卷形式，本试卷含两套写作题，考生可以任选其一。
Part I Writing (多题多卷写作题 1) (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of doing small things before undertaking something big. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
Part I Writing (多题多卷写作题 2) (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of reading literature. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the
questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices
marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given
in the passage.
Can Digital Textbook Truly Replace the Print Kind?
The shortcomings of traditional print edition textbooks are obvious: For starters they’re heavy,
with the average physics textbook weighing 3.6 pounds. They’re also expensive, especially when
you factor in the average college student’s limited budget, typically costing hundreds of dollars
every semester.
But the worst part is that print version of textbooks are constantly undergoing revisions.
Many professors require that their students use only the latest versions in the classroom,
essentially rendering older texts unusable. For students, it means they’re basically stuck with a
four pound paper-weight that they can’t sell back.
Which is why digital textbooks, if they live up to their promise, could help ease many of
these shortcomings. But till now, they’ve been something like a mirage（幻影）in the distance,
more like a hazy（模糊的）dream than an actual reality. Imagine the promise: Carrying all your
textbooks in a 1.3 pound iPad? It sounds almost too good to be true.
But there are a few pilot schools already making the transition（过渡）over to digital books.
Universities like Cornell and Brown have jumped onboard. And one medical program at the
University of California, Irvine, gave their entire class iPads with which to download textbooks
just last year.
But not all were eager to jump aboard.
“People were tired of using the iPad textbook besides using it for reading,” says Kalpit Shah,
who will be going into his second year at Irvine’s medical program this fall. “They weren’t using
it as a source of communication because they couldn’t read or write in it. So a third of the people
in my program were using the iPad in class to take notes, the other third were using laptops and
the last third were using paper and pencil.”
The reason it hasn’t caught on yet, he tells me, is that the functionality of e-edition textbooks
is incredibly limited, and some students just aren’t motivated to learn new study behavior.
But a new application called Inkling might change all that. The company just released an
updated version last week, and it’ll be utilized in over 50 undergraduate and graduate classrooms
this coming school year.
“Digital textbooks are not going to catch on,” says Inkling CEO Matt Maclnnis as he’s giving
me a demo（演示）over coffee. “What I mean by that is the current perspective of the digital
textbook is it’s an exact copy of the print book. There’s Course Smart, etc., these guys who take
any image of the page and put it on a screen. If that’s how we’re defining digital textbooks, there’s
no hope of that becoming a mainstream product.”
He calls Inkling a platform for publishers to build rich multimedia content from the ground
up, with a heavy emphasis on real-world functionality. The traditional textbook merely serves as a
skeleton.
At first glance Inkling is an impressive experience. After swiping（敲击）into the iPad app (应
用软件 ), which you can get for free here, he opens up a few different types of textbooks.
Up first is a chemistry book. The boot time is pretty fast, and he navigates through (浏览 ) a
few chapters before swiping into a fully rendered 3D molecule that can be spun around to view its
various building blocks. “Publishers give us all of the source media, artwork, videos,” he says,
“We help them think through how to actually build something for this platform.”
Next he pulls up a music composition textbook, complete with playable demos. It’s a learning
experience that attacks you from multiple sensory directions. It’s clear why this would be
something a music major would love.
But the most exciting part about Inkling, to me, is its notation（批注）system. Here’s how it
works!
When you purchase a used print book, it comes with its previous owner’s highlights and
notes in the margins. It uses the experience of someone who already went through the class to help
improve your reading (how much you trust each notation is obviously up to you).
But with lnkling, you can highlight a piece of content and make notes. Here’s where things
get interesting, though: If a particularly important passage is highlighted by multiple lnkling users,
that information is stored on the cloud and is available for anyone reading the same textbook to
come across. That means users have access to notes from not only their classmates and Facebook
friends, but anyone who purchased the book across the country. The best comments are then sorted
democratically by a voting system, meaning that your social learning experience is shared with the
best and brightest thinkers.
As a bonus, professors can even chime in (插话 ) on discussions. They’ll be able to answer
the questions of students who are in their class directly via the interactive book.
Of course, Inkling addresses several of the other shortcomings in traditional print as well.
Textbook versions are constanly updated, motivating publishers by minimizing production costs
(the big ones like McGraw-Hill are already onboard). Furthermore, students will be able to
purchase sections of the text instead of buying the whole thing, with individual chapters costing as
little as $2.99.
There are, however, challenges.
“It takes efforts to build each book,” Maclnnis tells me. And it’s clear why.
Each interactive textbook is a media-heavy experience built from the ground up, and you can
tell that it takes a respectable amount of manpower to put together each one.
For now the app is also iPad-exclusive, and though a few of these educational institutions are
giving the hardware away for free, for other students who don’t have such a luxury it’s an added
layer of cost — and an expensive one at that.
But this much is clear. The traditional textbook model is and has been broken for quite some
time. Whether digitally interactive ones like Inkling actually take off or not remains to be seen,
and we probably won’t have a definite answer for the next few years.
However the solution to any problem begins with a step in a direction. And at least for now,
that hazy mirage in the distance? A little more tangible (可触摸的 ), a little less of a dream.
1. The biggest problem with traditional print textbooks is that _____. A)
A) they are not reused once a new edition comes out
B) they cost hundreds of dollars every semester
C) they are too heavy to carry around
D) they take a longer time to revise
2. What does the author say about digital textbooks?
A) It’s not likely they will replace traditional textbooks.
B) They haven’t fixed all the shortcomings of print books.
C) Very few of them are available in the market.
D) Many people still have difficulty using them.
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