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二的2014 第一篇_2014年考研数学二真题

2014年考研数学二真题

一、选择题 1—8小题．每小题4分，共32分．

1

１．当x0时，若ln(12x)，(1cosx)均是比x高阶的无穷小，则的可能取







值范围是（ ）

（A）(2,) （B）(1,2) （C）(,1) （D）(0,) 2．下列曲线有渐近线的是

（A）yxsinx （B）yx2sinx（C）yxsin （D）yx2sin

1x

1x

12

12

3．设函数f(x)具有二阶导数，g(x)f(0)(1x)f(1)x，则在[0,1]上（ ）

（A）当f'(x)0时，f(x)g(x) （B）当f'(x)0时，f(x)g(x) （C）当f(x)0时，f(x)g(x) （D）当f(x)0时，f(x)g(x)

xt27,

4．曲线 上对应于t1的点处的曲率半径是（ ） 2

yt4t1

（Ａ）

（Ｂ） (Ｃ）10 （Ｄ）5 50100

5．设函数f(x)arctanx，若f(x)xf'()，则lim

x0

23

12

2

x

2

（ ）

（Ａ）1 （Ｂ） （Ｃ） （Ｄ）

6．设u(x,y)在平面有界闭区域D上连续，在D的内部具有二阶连续偏导数，且

2u2u2u

0及220，则（ ）满足． xyxy

1

3

（A）u(x,y)的最大值点和最小值点必定都在区域D的边界上； （B）u(x,y)的最大值点和最小值点必定都在区域D的内部；

（C）u(x,y)的最大值点在区域D的内部，最小值点在区域D的边界上； （D）u(x,y)的最小值点在区域D的内部，最大值点在区域D的边界上．

0a

b0d0

0b0d

a0c0c0

7．行列式等于

（A）(adbc)2 （B）(adbc)2 （C）a2d2b2c2 （D）a2d2b2c2 8．设1,2,3 是三维向量，则对任意的常数k,l，向量1k3，2l3线性无关是向量1,2,3线性无关的

（A）必要而非充分条件 （B）充分而非必要条件 （C）充分必要条件 （D） 非充分非必要条件 二、填空题（本题共6小题，每小题4分，满分24分. 把答案填在题中横线上）

1

9．

1

dx ．

x22x5

10．设f(x)为周期为4的可导奇函数，且f'(x)2(x1),x0,2，则

f(7)．

11．设zz(x,y)是由方程e2yzxy2z

dz|11

,22

7

确定的函数，则4

12．曲线L的极坐标方程为r，则L在点(r,),处的切线方程为 ．

13．一根长为1的细棒位于x轴的区间0,1上，若其线密度(x)x22x1，则该细棒的质心坐标x ．

2

2ax1x34x2x3的负惯性指数是1，14．设二次型f(x1,x2,x3)x12x2则a的取值范



22

围是 ． 三、解答题

15．（本题满分10分）

求极限lim

x

x1

(t(e1)t)dt1

x2ln(1)

x

2

1t

．

16．（本题满分10分）

已知函数yy(x)满足微分方程x2y2y'1y'，且y(2)0，求y(x)的极大值和极小值．

17．（本题满分10分）

xsin(x2y2)

dxdy 设平面区域D(x,y)|1xy4,x0.y0．计算

xyD



22



18．（本题满分10分）

2z2z

设函数f(u)具有二阶连续导数，zf(ecosy)满足22(4zexcosy)e2x．若

xy

x

f(0)0,f'(0)0，求f(u)的表达式．

19．（本题满分10分）

设函数f(x),g(x)在区间a.b上连续，且f(x)单调增加，0g(x)1，证明： （1） 0g(t)dtxa,xa,b； a（2） a

a

x

ag(t)dt

b

f(x)dxf(x)g(x)dx．

a

b

20．（本题满分11分） 设函数f(x)

x

,x0,1，定义函数列 1x

f1(x)f(x)，f2(x)f(f1(x))，,fn(x)f(fn1(x)),

nSn． 设Sn是曲线yfn(x)，直线x1,y0所围图形的面积．求极限limn

21．（本题满分11分） 已知函数f(x,y)满足

f

且f(y,y)(y1)2(2y)lny，求曲线f(x,y)02(y1)，

y

所成的图形绕直线y1旋转所成的旋转体的体积． 22．（本题满分11分）

1234



设A0111，E为三阶单位矩阵．

1203

（1） 求方程组AX0的一个基础解系； （2） 求满足ABE的所有矩阵． ，

23．（本题满分11分）

1

1

证明n阶矩阵

1

11001



11002

与相似． 1100n

二的2014 第二篇_2014全套考研英语二真题及答案详解

2014年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语(二)试题

Section I Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have __1___ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually ___2___. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of good health.

Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, ___8___,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.

While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 .For example, many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI. Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a disgrace.The overweight are sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes _16_ with obesity include laziness, lack of will power,and lower prospects for

success.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor

biases against the obese. _17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.

1. [A] denied [B] conduced [C] doubled [D] ensured

2. [A] protective [B] dangerous [C] sufficient [D]troublesome

3. [A] Instead [B] However [C] Likewise [D] Therefore

4. [A] indicator [B] objective [C] origin [D] example

5. [A] impact [B] relevance [C] assistance [D] concern

6. [A] in terms of [B] in case of [C] in favor of [D] in of

7. [A] measures [B] determines [C] equals [D] modifies

8. [A] in essence [B] in contrast [C] in turn [D] in part

9. [A] complicated [B] conservative [C] variable [D] straightforward

10. [A] so [B] unlike [C] since [D] unless

11. [A] shape [B] spirit [C] balance [D] taste

12. [A] start [B] quality [C] retire [D] stay

13. [A] strange [B] changeable [C] normal [D] constant

14. [A] option [B] reason [C] opportunity [D] tendency

15. [A] employed [B] pictured [C] imitated [D] monitored

16. [A] [B] combined [C] settled [D] associated

17. [A] Even [B] Still [C] Yet [D] Only【二的2014】

18. [A] despised [B] corrected [C] ignored [D] grounded

19. [A] discussions [B] businesses [C] policies [D] studies

20. [A] for [B] against [C] with [D] without

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

Text 1

What would you do with 590m? This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie, an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small, tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history. If she hopes her new-found for tune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment, she could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dumn and Michael Norton.

These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes. Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly what was once exciting and new becomes old-hat; regret creeps in. It is far better to spend money on experiences, say MsDumn and Mr Norton, like interesting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema. These purchases often become more valuable with time-as stories or memories-particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.

This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most "happiness bang for your buck." It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it).Buying gifts or

giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. This is apparently the reason MacDonald's restricts the availability of its popular McRib - a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.

Readers of “HappyMoney” are clearly a privileged lot, anxious about fulfillment, not hunger.Money may not quite buy happiness, but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones. Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world, and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people. Not everyone will agree with the authors’ policy ideas, which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers. But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent。

21.According to Dumn and Norton,which of the following is the most rewarding purchase?

[A]A big house

[B]A special tour

[C]A stylish car

[D]A rich meal

22.The author’s attitude toward Americans’ watching TV is

[A]critical

[B]supportive

[C]sympathetic

[D]ambiguous

23.Macrib is mentioned in paragraph 3 to show that

[A]consumers are sometimes irrational

[B]popularity usually comes after quality

[C]marketing tricks are after effective

[D]rarity generally increases pleasure

24.According to the last paragraph,Happy Money

[A]has left much room for readers’criticism

[B]may prove to be a worthwhile purchase

[C]has predicted a wider income gap in the us

[D]may give its readers a sense of achievement

25.This text mainly discusses how to

[A]balance feeling good and spending money

[B]spend large sums of money won in lotteries

[C]obtain lasting satisfaction from money spent

[D]become more reasonable in spending on luxuries

Text 2

An article in Scientific America has pointed out that empirical research says that, actually, you think you’re more beautiful than you are. We have a deep-seated need to feel good about ourselves and we naturally employ a number of self-enhancing strategies to research into what the call the “above average effect”, or “illusory superiority”, and shown that, for example, 70% of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership, 93% in driving and 85% at getting on well with others—all obviously statistical impossibilities.

二的2014 第三篇_2014年高考新课标2理综试卷及答案

2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标Ⅱ卷）

理科综合 生物部分

1．关于细胞的叙述，错误的是 ．．

A．植物细胞的胞间连丝具有物质运输的作用

B．动物细胞间的黏着性与细胞膜上的糖蛋白有关

C．ATP水解释放的能量可用于细胞内的吸能反应

D．哺乳动物的细胞可以合成蔗糖，也可以合成乳糖

【答案】D

2．同一动物个体的神经细胞与肌细胞在功能上是不同的，造成这种差异的主要原因是

A．二者所处的细胞周期不同 B．二者合成的特定蛋白不同

C．二者所含有的基因组不同 D．二者核DNA的复制方式不同

【答案】B

3．关于正常情况下组织液生成与回流的叙述，错误的是 ．．

A．生成与回流的组织液中氧气的含量相等

B．组织液不断生成与回流，并保持动态平衡

C．血浆中的有些物质经毛细血管动脉端进入组织液

D．组织液中的有些物质经毛细血管静脉端进入血液

【答案】A

4．将某植物花冠切成大小和形状相同的细条，分为a、b、c、d、e和f组（每组的细条数相等），取上

述6组细条分别置于不同浓度的蔗糖溶液中，浸泡相同时间后测量各组花冠细条的长度，结果如图所示。假如蔗糖溶液与花冠细胞之间只有水分交换，则

A．实验后，a组液泡中的溶质浓度比b组的高

B．浸泡导致f组细胞中液泡的失水量小于b组的

C．a组细胞放在蔗糖溶液中失水或吸水所耗ATP大于b组

D．使细条在浸泡前后长度不变的蔗糖浓度介于0.4～0.5mol﹒L-1之间

【答案】D

5．关于核酸的叙述，错误的是 ．．

A．细胞核中发生的转录过程有RNA聚合酶的参与

B．植物细胞的线粒体和叶绿体中均可发生DNA的复制

C．双链DNA分子中一条链上磷酸和核糖是通过氢键连接的

D．用甲基绿和吡罗红染色可观察DNA和RNA在细胞中的分布

【答案】C

6．关于光合作用和呼吸作用的叙述，错误的是 ．．

A．磷酸是光反应中合成ATP所需的反应物

B．光合作用中叶绿素吸收光能不需要酶的参与

C．人体在剧烈运动时所需的能量由乳酸分解提供

D．病毒核酸的复制需要宿主细胞的呼吸作用提供能量【二的2014】

【答案】C

29.(10分)

某植物净光合速率的变化趋势如图所示。

据图回答下列问题：

（1）当CO2浓度为a时，高光强下该植物的净光合速率为 ① 。CO2浓度在a～b之间时，曲线 ②

表示了净光合速率随CO2浓度的增高而增高。

（2）CO2浓度大于c时，曲线B和C所表示的净光合速率不再增加，限制其增加的环境因素是 ③ 。

（3）当环境中CO2浓度小于a时，在图示的3种光强下，该植物呼吸作用产生的CO2量 ④ (填“大

于”、“等于”或“小于”)光合作用吸收的CO2量。

（4）据图可推测，在温室中，若要采取提高CO2浓度的措施来提高该种植物的产量，还应该同时考虑

⑤ 这一因素的影响，并采取相应措施。

【答案】

（1）①0 ②A、B、C

（2）③光强

（3）④大于

（4）⑤光强

30.（9分）

为了探究某种复方草药对某种细菌性乳腺炎的疗效是否与机体免疫功能增强有关，某研究小组将细菌

性乳腺炎模型小鼠随机分为实验组（草药灌胃）、空白对照组（蒸馏水灌胃）和阳性对照组（免疫增强剂A灌胃），并检测免疫指标。

回答下列问题：

（1）研究发现，实验组小鼠吞噬细胞的吞噬能力显著高于阳性对照组，极显著高于空白对照组。这一

结果至少说明该草药增强了小鼠的非特异性免疫功能。非特异性免疫的特点是 ① 。

（2）研究还发现：实验组小鼠的T细胞含量显著高于空白对照组，与阳性对照组相近。这一结果说明：

该草药可能通过提高小鼠的T细胞含量来增强其特异性免疫功能。通常，在细胞免疫过程中，效应T细胞的作用是 ② 。

（3）在特异性免疫中，T细胞可产生 ③ 因子，受到抗原刺激的 ④ 细胞可在该因子的作用

下，增殖分化为浆细胞，浆细胞产生 ⑤ ，参与体液免疫过程。

【答案】

（1）①机体生来就有的，不针对某一类特定病原体，而是对多种病原体都有一定的防御作用

（2）②识别并与被病原体入侵的宿主细胞紧密接触，可使之裂解死亡

（3）③淋巴 ④B ⑤抗体

31．（9分）

某陆地生态系统中，除分解者外，仅有甲、乙、丙、丁、戊5个种群。调查得知，该生态系统有4个

营养级，营养级之间的能量传效率为10%～20%，且每个种群只处于一个营养级。一年内输入各种群的能量数值如下表所示，表中能量数值的单位相同。

回答下列问题：

（1）请画出该生态系统中的食物网。

（2）甲和乙的种间关系是 ① ；种群丁是该生态系统生物组分中的 ② 。

（3）一般来说，生态系统的主要功能包括 ③ 、 ④ ，此外还具有信息传递等功能。碳对生物

和生态系统具有重要意义，碳在 ⑤ 和 ⑥ 之间的循环主要以CO2的形式进行。

【答案】

（1）

（2）①捕食 ②消费者

（3）③物质循环 ④能量流动 ⑤生物群落 ⑥无机环境

32．（11分）

山羊性别决定方式为XY型。下面的系谱图表示了山羊某种性状的遗传，图中深色表示该种性状的表现

者。

已知该性状受一对等位基因控制，在不考虑染色体变异和基因突变的条件下，回答下列问题：

（1）据系谱图推测，该性状为 ① （填“隐性”或“显性”）性状。

（2）假设控制该性状的基因位于Y染色体上，依照Y染色体上基因的遗传规律，在第Ⅲ代中表现型不

符合该基因遗传规律的个体是 ② （填个体编号）。

（3）若控制该性状的基因仅位于X染色体上，则系谱图中一定是杂合子的个体是 ③ （填个体编号），

可能是杂合子的个体是 ④ （填个体编号）。

【答案】

（1）①隐性

（2）②Ⅲ-1、Ⅲ-3和Ⅲ-4

（3）③Ⅰ-2、Ⅱ-2、Ⅱ-4 ④Ⅲ-2

39．[生物——选修1：生物技术实践]（15分）

为了调查某河流的水质状况，某研究小组测定了该河流水样中的细菌含量，并进行了细菌的分离等工

作。回答下列问题：

（1）该小组采用稀释涂布平板法检测水样中的细菌含量。在涂布接种前，随机取若干灭菌后的空平板

先行培养了一段时间，这样做的目的是 ；然后，将1mL水样稀释100倍，在3个平板上用涂布法分别接入0.1mL稀释液；经适当培养后，3个平板上的菌落数分别为39、38和37。据此可得出每升水样中的活菌数为 。

（2）该小组采用平板划线法分离水样中的细菌。操作时，接种环通过 灭菌，在第二次及以

后划线时，总是从上一次的末端开始划线。这样做的目的是 。

（3）示意图A和B中， 表示的是用稀释涂布平板法接种培养后得到的结果。

（4）该小组将得到的菌株接种到液体培养基中并混匀，一部分进行静置培养，另一部分进行振荡培养。

结果发现：振荡培养的细菌比静置培养的细菌生长速度快。分析其原因是：振荡培养能提高培养液的

的含量，同时可以使菌体与培养液充分接触，提高 的利用率。

【答案】

（1）检测培养基平板灭菌是否合格 3.8×10

（2）灼烧； 将聚集的菌体逐步稀释以便获得单个菌落

（3）B ⑷、溶解氧 营养物质

40．[生物——选修3：现代生物科技专题](15分)

植物甲具有极强的耐旱性，其耐旱性与某个基因有关。若从该植物中获得该耐旱基因，并将其转移到耐旱性低的植物乙中，有可能提高后者的耐旱性。

回答下列问题：

（1）理论上，基因组文库含有生物的 基因；而cDNA文库中含有生物的 基因。

（2）若要从植物甲中获得耐旱基因，可首先建立该植物的基因组文库，再从中 出所需的耐旱基因。

（3）将耐旱基因导入农杆菌，并通过农杆菌转化法将其导入植物 的体细胞中，经过一系列的过程得到再生植株。要确认该耐旱基因是否在再生植株中正确表达，应检测此再生植株中该基因的 ，如果检测结果呈阳性，再在田间试验中检测植株的 是否得到提高。

（4）假如用得到的二倍体转基因耐旱植株自交，子代中耐旱与不耐旱植株的数量比为3∶1时，则可推测该耐旱基因整合到了 （填“同源染色体的一条上”或“同源染色体的两条上”）。

【答案】

（1）全部 部分

（2）筛选

（3）乙 表达产物 耐旱性

（4）同源染色体的一条上

7

二的2014 第四篇_2014年考研英语二真题及答案

14考研英语二真题及答案 SectionI Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for eachnumbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10points)

Thinner isn‟t always better. A number of studies have __1___ thatnormal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseasescompared to those who are overweight. And there are healthconditions for which being overweight is actually ___2___.

Forexample, heavier women are less likely to develop calciumdeficiency than thin women. ___3___ among the elderly, beingsomewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of good health.

Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to bevery difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body massindex, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square ofheight. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to benormal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 isconsidered obese. Obesity, ___8___,can be divided into moderatelyobese, severely obese, and very severely obese.

While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity isprobably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with ahigh BMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may bein poor 11 .For example, many collegiate and professional footballplayers 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low.Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a13 BMI.

Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a disgrace.Theoverweight are sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered.Stereotypes _16_ with obesity include laziness, lack of willpower,and lower prospects for

success.Teachers,employers,and healthprofessionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese._17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight, andteasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.

1. [A] denied [B] conduced [C] doubled [D] ensured

2. [A] protective [B] dangerous [C] sufficient[D]troublesome

3. [A] Instead [B] However [C] Likewise [D] Therefore

4. [A] indicator [B] objective [C] origin [D] example

5. [A] impact [B] relevance [C] assistance [D] concern

6. [A] in terms of [B] in case of [C] in favor of [D] in of

7. [A] measures [B] determines [C] equals [D] modifies

8. [A] in essence [B] in contrast [C] in turn [D] in part

9. [A] complicated [B] conservative [C] variable [D]straightforward

10. [A] so [B] unlike [C] since [D] unless

11. [A] shape [B] spirit [C] balance [D] taste

12. [A] start [B] quality [C] retire [D] stay

13. [A] strange [B] changeable [C] normal [D] constant

14. [A] option [B] reason [C] opportunity [D] tendency

15. [A] employed [B] pictured [C] imitated [D] monitored

16. [A] [B] combined [C] settled [D] associated

17. [A] Even [B] Still [C] Yet [D] Only

18. [A] despised [B] corrected [C] ignored [D] grounded

19. [A] discussions [B] businesses [C] policies [D] studies

20. [A] for [B] against [C] with [D] without

Section II ReadingComprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below eachtext by choosing A, B,

C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)

Text 1

What would you do with 590m? This is now a question for GloriaMackenzie, an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from hersmall, tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undividedlottery jackpot in history. If she hopes her new-found for tunewill yield lasting feelings of fulfillment, she could do worse thanread Happy Money by Elizabeth Dumn and Michael Norton.

These two academics use an array of behavioral research to showthat the most rewarding ways to spend money can becounterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve visionsof fancy cars and extravagant homes. Yet satisfaction with thesematerial purchases wears off fairly quickly what was once excitingand new becomes old-hat; regret creeps in. It is far better tospend money on experiences, say Ms Dumn and Mr Norton, likeinteresting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema. Thesepurchases often become more valuable with time-as stories ormemories-particularly if they involve feeling more connected toothers.

This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as wellas lottery winners get the most "happiness bang for your buck." Itseems most people would be better off if they could shorten theircommutes to work, spend more time with friends and family and lessof it watching television (something the average American spends awhopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier forit).Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more

pleasurablethan purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyablewhen they are consumed sparingly. This is apparently the reasonMacDonald's restricts the availability of its popular McRib - amarketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object ofobsession.

Readers of “HappyMoney” are clearly a privileged lot, anxiousabout fulfillment, not hunger.Money may not quite buy happiness,but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than thosein poor ones. Yet the link between feeling good and spending moneyon others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world,and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people.Not everyone will agree with the authors‟ policy ideas, which rangefrom mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives

forAmerican homebuyers. But most people will come away from this bookbelieving it was money well spent。

21.According to Dumn and Norton,which of the following is themost rewarding purchase?

[A]A big house

[B]A special tour

[C]A stylish car

[D]A rich meal

22.The author‟s attitude toward Americans‟ watching TV is

[A]critical

[B]supportive

[C]sympathetic

[D]ambiguous

23.Macrib is mentioned in paragraph 3 to show that

[A]consumers are sometimes irrational

[B]popularity usually comes after quality

[C]marketing tricks are after effective

[D]rarity generally increases pleasure

24.According to the last paragraph,Happy Money

[A]has left much room for readers‟criticism

[B]may prove to be a worthwhile purchase

[C]has predicted a wider income gap in the us

[D]may give its readers a sense of achievement

25.This text mainly discusses how to

[A]balance feeling good and spending money

[B]spend large sums of money won in lotteries

[C]obtain lasting satisfaction from money spent

[D]become more reasonable in spending on luxuries

Text 2

An article in Scientific America has pointed out that empiricalresearch says that,

actually, you think you‟re more beautiful thanyou are. We have a deep-seated need to feel good about ourselvesand we naturally employ a number of self-enhancing strategies toresearch into what the call the “above average effect”, or“illusory superiority”, and

shown that, for example, 70% of us rateourselves as above average in leadership, 93% in driving and 85% atgetting on well with others—all obviously statisticalimpossibilities.

We rose tint our memories and put ourselves into self-affirmingsituations. We become defensive when criticized, and apply negativestereotypes to others to boost our own esteem, we stalk aroundthinking we‟re hot stuff.

Psychologist and behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw akey studying into self-enhancement and attractiveness. Rather thathave people simply rate their beauty compress with others, he askedthem to identify an original photogragh of themselves‟ from alineup including versions that had been altered to appear more andless attractive.

Visual recognition, reads the study, is “anautomatic psychological process occurring rapidly and intuitivelywith little or no apparent conscious deliberation”. If the subjectsquickly

chose a falsely flattering image- which must did- theygenuinely believed it was really how they looked. Epley found nosignificant gender difference in responses. Nor was there anyevidence that, those who self-enhance the must (that is, theparticipants who thought the most positively doctored picture werereal) were doing so to make up for profound insecurities. In factthose who thought that the images higher up the attractivenessscale were real directly corresponded with those who showed othermakers for having higher self-esteem. “I don‟t think the findingsthat we having have are any evidence of personal delusion”, saysEpley. “It‟s a reflection simply of people generally thinking wellof

themselves‟. If you are depressed, you won‟t be self-enhancing.Knowing the results of Epley „s study,it makes sense that whypeople heat photographs of themselves

Viscerally-on one level, theydon‟t even recognise the person in the picture as

themselves,Facebook therefore ,is a self-enhancer‟s paradise,where people canshare only the most flattering photos, the cream of their wit,style ,beauty, intellect and lifestyle it‟s not that people‟sprofiles are dishonest,says catalina toma of

Wiscon—Madisonuniversity ,”but they portray an idealized version ofthemselves.

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