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Lucky number is part of our culture
To my way of thinking, the so-called lucky number represents the characteristics of our culture. We Chinese have a tradition: whenever we have important things to do, we always select the day we think lucky. Such as: the "10.10.10" day (October 10, 2010), we regard it as the prefect day. For in our culture, “10” as a very lucky number means everything is perfect.
This tradition is gradually formed in history. As we all know, china have a very long history. The nature is very sacred then, and our ancestors try their best in order to gain its help, hoping everything run smooth. So when they were to do things, they usually choose something which indicates good fortune. As the time passes, this habit slowly becomes a tradition, and gradually expands every aspect of life. For example, Chinese people like wear the red clothes, because in our eyes the red indicates positive, smooth, prosperous.
Among this, the lucky number is the especial example. Now the number seems to appear everywhere in our daily life. Such as: our telephone number, various bank card number, ID number, VIP card number, house number and so on. The number four looked as unlucky, for its pronunciation sound as the word “death” in Chinese. So is the number seven. However, six, nine, ten are lucky numbers. Affected by this culture, most of us prefer to use the so-called lucky numbers. Therefore there are lots of couples choose the” 8.8.8” “9.9.9” ”10.10.10”day when they marry.
All in all, the lucky number is part of our culture. All things we can do are holding a respect and accept of attitude to it.
What is China?
The ____________ of China, commonly known as China, is located in East Asia and borders ___________ or any other country in the world. It is the most populous state in the world with __________ citizens, while the world's population is
__________. That means _________ people in the world, one is Chinese. China is made of ________ distinctive ethnic groups with Han Chinese making the _______ of its whole population. China is a _________ party state governed by the Communist Party of China, whose power is enshrined in Chinese constitution. Though China is officially an atheist country, its religious roots lie within __________, Buddhism and __________, and from these most social and moral values are derived. There are also a significant number of Chinese ___________, who arrived via the _________ trade route and still retain their distinct culture.
is enshrined in Chinese constitution. Though China is officially an atheist country, its social and moral values are derived. There are also a significant number of Chinese
中华人民共和国，简称中国，位于东亚与14个国家或地区接壤。是世界人口最多的国家有13亿人口而世界人口是68亿，也就是说，世界人每5个人中就有一个是中国人。中国有56个民族汉族占总人口的92%。由中国共产党一党执政执政地位被写入了宪法中。中国奉行无神论，其宗教文化扎根于儒教、佛教和道教，社会道德也多根源于此。中国也有大量的穆斯林，沿丝绸之路到达中国，保持着自己的传统。
History历史
China is one of the world oldest civilizations, dating back more than 5 million years and was ruled by successive dynasties until 1912. During these times, many great discoveries in fields of science and technology were made, including the inventions of printing, paper, gunpowder and compass. This period also saw the construction of many landmarks, such as the Great Wall, which stretches over 4,000 miles; equals to 30 return travels from London to Paris. The Communist Party of China led by Mao gained control of mainland China in 1949 and established People's Republic of China. The modern China of today is as much shaped by its past as its rapidly looking to the future, while many of its big cities are comparable to any in the west, the underlying culture is still vastly different. Traveling outside large urban areas also highlights the growing disparity between rich and poor.
中国是文明古国之一，有五千年文明，世袭的封建王朝终结于1912年。中国古代有许多重要的科技发明，包括印刷术、造纸术、火药和指南针，也有很多著名的建筑比如绵延四千英里的长城。抗战和内战结束后毛泽东领导共产党于1949年夺取了中国大陆的政权，建立了中华人民共和国。中国历史和未来塑造了当今的中国许多城市很像西方的大城市，但二者存在着巨大的文化差异走出城市就能看到不断增大的城乡贫富差距。
Language语言
Chinese which is the most widely spoken language in the world as well as one of the most impenetrable for foreigners. There are many regional dialects of Chinese although the most widely spoken is Mandarin and Cantonese. Chinese characters evolved over time from earlier forms of hieroglyphs. Chinese contains over 49,000 characters, but a well-educated person can recognize around 6,000 characters, some 3,000 are required to read a newspaper.
汉语是世界上使用最广泛同时让外国人最难搞懂的语言之一。汉语的方言很多，使用最多的是普通话和粤语，汉字发源于象形文字，有超过四万个汉字，受过良好教育的人能认识大约六千个字，阅读报纸需要认识三千字左右。
Chinese Calendar农历
Chinese Zodiac's a scheme that relates each year to an animal, this is the year of rabbit. Chinese new year is the most important of traditional Chinese holidays, windows and doors will be decorated with red color paper-cuts and couplets with popular themes of happiness, wealth and longevity. On the Eve of Chinese New Year, supper is a feast with families. The family will end the night with firecrackers. Early the next morning, children will meet their parents by wishing them a healthy and happy new year and receive money in red paper envelopes. Chinese people love red color, which symbolizes prosperity and good luck. The period around Chinese new year is also the time of the largest human migration, and between 150 and 200 million migrant workers in China, bring home their earnings and go to have a unit dinner with their families on Chinese new year eve.
中国用十二生肖来代表年份，今年是免年。农历新年是最重要的传统节日，门窗会贴上红色的剪纸和对联，象征幸福、富裕和长寿。除夕夜，家人会一起吃年夜饭，过年时会放鞭炮。大年初一，小孩子会给长辈拜年，长辈则会发红包。中国人喜欢红色，红色象征着繁荣和吉利。最大规模的人类迁徙也发生于春节期间，
1.5亿到两亿农民工，会带回一年的收入，和家人一起吃团圆饭。
Youth青年
Most married couples in China are subjected to one child policy, which is introduced in 1979 to curb massive population growth. It is believed to have prevented more than 300 million births since then. Another consequence of the policy has been the
emergence of so called "little emperors", a generation of self-centered consumes has developed, while Chinese education system has rapidly developed there remains a heavy emphasis on passing exams. The upshot of this is that exams dictate the
curriculum, while Chinese students can master and memorize incredible amounts of knowledge and information. They often lack the ability to critically think, develop their own opinions, and engage in creative activities. Due to the propensity for
preferring sons over daughters, China is facing a large population imbalance with currently around 120 boys born for every 100 girls. By 2020, there will be 30 million more men than women.
大多数夫妻都需要遵守一胎化政策，这是1979年制定的控制人口增长的政策据信，该政策避免了3亿人口的出生。政策的另一个结果是造就了一代“小皇帝”，以自我为中心的一代人。中国的教育在快速发展，但仍然以应试为主，课程学习都以考试为中心，中国的学生能记住大量的知识和信息，但却缺乏批判性思维、独立思考和创新的能力。由于更加偏爱男孩，中国失衡的男女性别比达到了120比100，到2020年，男性将比女性多三千万。
Economy经济
Since economic opening up and reform policy began in 1978, China's economy has grown 90 times bigger and is the fastest growing major economy in the world. China's annual average GDP growth is predicted to be 9.5 percent for the period of 2011 to 2015. It is the world's largest exporter, and the second largest importer of goods. It is also known as the world's second biggest consumer of luxury goods. It now has the world's second largest GDP at about 6 trillion US dollars, 40 percent of the United States. Although its per capita income of 4300 US dollar is still low, and puts China behind roughly a hundred countries. China's growth has been uneven when comparing different geographic regions and rural and urban areas. Development has also been mainly concentrated in the eastern coastal regions, while the remainder of this country are left behind. In the past decade, China's cities expanded at an average rate of 10 percent annually, a scale unprecedented in human history.
自1978年改革开放以来，中国经济增长了90倍，是增长最快的主要经济体。预测2011年到2015年，平均GDP增长会保持9.5%。中国是世界最大的出口国，第二大进口国，也是世界第二大奢侈品消费国。目前的GDP位于世界第二，大约6万亿美元，相当于美国的四成，但人均只有4300美元，排名一百位开外
不同地区、城乡之间发展也不均衡，发达地区集中在东南沿海，其余地方则普遍落后。过去十年，城市以年均10%的速度扩张，这是人类历史上前所未有的规模。 China is a country crazy for skyscrapers to show its economic booming. More than 200 skyscrapers are being built now. Within next three years, there will be one
skyscrapers completed every five days in China, which will make the total 800 in five years time, 4 times as many in the States. China is the world's factory. One out of every three household appliances/three toys/two pairs of shoes/two shirts are made in China. It has now become the world's largest energy consumer, but relies on coal to supply about 70 percent of energy needs. Leading Chinese environmental
campaigners have warned that water pollution is one of the most serious threats facing China now. Yet with 34.6 billion US dollars invested in clean technology in 2009, China is the world's leading investor in renewable energy technologies. China
produces more wind turbines and solar panels each year than any other country in the world.
中国喜欢用摩天大楼来显示经济实力，现在有超过200幢在建，未来三年，每五天就会有一幢摩天大楼竣工，五年内总共达到800幢，比美国多四倍。中国是世界工厂，每三件家电、三件玩具，两双鞋子、两件衣服中，就有一件是由中国制造，是世界最大的能源消费国，但七成能源由煤炭提供。环保人士警告说，水污
染是中国最严重的环境问题，但2009年中国就向清洁能源投资了346亿美元，成为世界最大的可再生能源投资国，是风力发电机和太阳能电池板最大的生产国。 Food饮食
Being such a large and ethnically diverse country, each region has its own local specialties which the Chinese are often keen to try and introduce to others.
由于幅员辽阔和民族众多，每个地方都有自己的特色，中国人也乐于向外人推荐 Generally you will find hot and spicy food in the western and central China and cooler food in the south and north.
总的来说西南和中部的味道偏辣而南方和北方清淡
A Chinese dining table is usually round allowing everyone to engage equally in conversation.
餐桌一般是圆形的，大家能平等交谈
It will be set with empty bowls, plates, and chopsticks for each person.
会摆放空碗、盘子和筷子
Food dishes are placed in the center of the table to be shared between everyone. 菜肴放在中间，一起分享
Don't be put off if you see people spitting bones/seeds onto the plate, this is perfectly normal.
看到有人把骨头吐在桌子上也别惊讶，这简直太正常了
Contrary to what you might find in your local China Town,
跟你在唐人街看到的不同
Chinese food is generally healthy and often beautifully presented. Texture, flavor, color, and aroma are key considerations for all Chinese cooks, even above nutritional contents.
中国的食物基本都很健康并且摆放美观，厨师注重菜肴的质、色、香、味，甚至比营养更重要
Chinese dining is about showing respect and hospitality for the guests and is often used as an extension of the boardroom.
请客吃饭是显示对客人的尊重和热情，家里的客厅就连着饭厅
Heaving drinking is often a part of doing business and it is expected that you'll keep up with others.
喝酒是做生意的一部分，你需要喝的跟别人一样多
If you do not want to drink alcohol, make it clear before you start.
如果你不能喝酒，一开始就需要表明
Core Concepts要点
Face (Mianzi)面子
The concept of "face" can be loosely described as someone's social status or reputation in the eyes of others.
面子是某个人在他人眼中的社会地位和名声
Throughout a Chinese person's life, it must be maintained and enhanced through giving to and receiving from others in both words and actions.
中国人的一生都必须用语言和行动相互维护和提升面子
It may be something as small as who gets in the lift first to the awarding of multi-million dollar contracts.【关于中国的英文资料】
可以小到谁先上电梯，也可以大到百万美元的合同授予
But without it you will have very little power or influence.
没有面子也就没有影响力
To make someone lose face or even unknowingly is a huge dishonor and could mean the end of a relationship.
即使是无意中让别人没面子，也是极其严重的冒犯，可能意味着断绝关系 Connections (Guanxi)关系
Guanxi literally means "connections" or "relationship" as it essentially boils down to exchanging favors.
关系本质上就是个人利益的联系
"You scratch my back, I'll scratch yours".
互相帮忙，互相恩惠
It can loosely be compared with the idea of networking in the west,
跟西方社会的人际网络类似
but usually goes much further in terms of developing and nurturing the relationship through social exchanges and favors which must be repaid at greater value in time. 但是在培养关系的利益交换过程中，你需要在适当时间给对方足够的好处 Relationships between family, friends and business associates are often closely interwoven.
家人、朋友和商业伙伴的关系经常紧密交织
In such an environment, issues of corruption are not uncommon when guanxi obligations take precedence over normal rules or laws.
这样的环境中腐败从来都不是新鲜事，因为关系人情往往比规则甚至法律更重要 The Doctrine of the Mean (Zhong Yong)中庸
Known as the Doctrine of the Mean or Golden Mean, this concept involves balancing one's position among a group to maintain conformity and a sense of harmony. To do this while still achieving one's personal objectives is considered by the Chinese people the ideal way of living. This can be applied to the workplace, where one should behave in a way which is seen to be neither ambitious nor lazy at the same time. Chinese people never openly criticize, ignore or make fun of a person in front of others, even jokingly. When discussing individual performance, they always emphasize good points before bad ones.
中庸之道，是指个人保持跟群体的一致与和谐。中国人最理想的生活状态就是既中庸又能实现个人目标，工作中也是如此。员工要做到既不野心勃勃，又不懒惰懈怠。中国人不会公开批评、忽视或者取笑他人，即使是开玩笑，点评个人的成绩时，也总是先说优点、再讲不足
Differences差异
Chinese may ask you personal questions or make observations about your age, income, religion or appearance,
中国人可能会问你的私事，或者探寻你的年龄、收入、信仰和外貌
don't take it personally.
别往心里去
Likewise, Chinese rarely say "please" or "thank you" as this is seen as unnecessary formality between friends or family.
Chinese Dragon
Dragon totem worship in China has been around for the last 8,000 years. The ancients in China considered the dragon (or loong) a fetish that combines animals including the fish, snake, horse and ox with cloud, thunder, lightning and other natural celestial phenomena. The Chinese dragon was formed in accordance with the multicultural fusion process of the Chinese nation. To the Chinese, the dragon signifies innovation and cohesion.
对龙图腾他的崇拜在中国大约已绵延了八千多年。 中国龙是古人将鱼、蛇、马、牛等动物与云雾、雷电等自然天象集合而成的一种神物。 中国龙的形成与中华民族的多元融合过程同步。在中国人的心目中，龙具有振奋腾飞、开拓变化的寓意和团结凝聚的精神。 Dumplings
Dumplings are one of the Chinese people’s favorite traditional dishes. According to an ancient Chinese legend, dumplings were first made by the medical saint---Zhang Zhongjing. There are three steps involved in making dumplings: 1) make dumpling wrappers out of dumpling flour; 2) prepare the dumpling stuffing; 3) make dumplings and boil them. With thin and elastic dough skin, fresh and tender stuffing, delicious taste, and unique shapes, dumplings are worth eating hundreds of times. There’s an old saying that claims, “Nothing could be more delicious than dumplings”. During the Spring Festival and other holidays, or when treating relatives and friends, Chinese people like to follow the auspicious custom of eating dumplings. To Chinese people who show high reverence for family love, having dumplings at the moment the old year is replaced by the new is an essential part of bidding farewell to the old and ushering in the new year.
饺子是深受中国人民喜爱的传统食品。 相传为古代医圣张仲景发明。饺子的制作是包括： 1） 擀皮、2） 备馅、3） 包馅水煮三个步骤。其特点是皮薄馅嫩，味道鲜美，形状独特，百食不厌。民间有“好吃不过饺子”的俗语。中国人接亲待客、逢年过节都有包饺子吃的习俗，寓意吉利。对崇尚亲情的中国人来说，“更岁交子”吃饺子，更是欢度除夕、辞旧迎新必不可少的内容。
Acupuncture
Acupuncture is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In accordance with the “main and collateral channels” theory in TCM, the purpose of acupuncture is to dredge the channel and regulate qi and blood, so as to keep the body’s yin and yang balanced and achieve reconciliation between the internal organs. It features in traditional Chinese medicine that “internal diseases are to be treated with external therapy”. The main therapy of acupuncture involves using needles to pierce certain acupoints of the patient’s body, or adopting moxibustion to stimulate the patient’s acupoints so as to stimulate the channels and relieve pain. With its unique advantages, acupuncture has been handed down generation after generation and has now spread all over the world. Nowadays, acupuncture, along with Chinese food, kung fu (otherwise known as Chinese martial arts), and traditional Chinese medicine, has been internationally hailed as one of the “four new national treasures.”
针灸是中医学的重要组成部分。按照中医的经络理论，针灸疗法主要是通过疏通经络、调和气血，来达到阴阳归于平衡，使脏腑趋于调和之目的。其特点是“内病外治”。主要疗法是用针刺入病人身体的一定穴位，或用艾火的温热刺激烧灼病人的穴位，以达到刺激经络。治疗病痛的目的。针灸以其独特的优势，流传至今并传播到了世界，与中餐、功夫、中药一起被海外誉为中国的“新四大国粹”。
Chinese Kung Fu
Chinese kung fu, or Chinese martial arts, carries traditional Chinese culture in abundance. It is a
traditional Chinese sport which applies the art of attack and defence in combat and the motions engaged with a series of skill and tricks. The core idea of Chinese king fu is derived from the Confucian theory of both “the mean and harmony” and “cultivating qi” (otherwise known as nourishing one’s spirit). Meanwhile, it also includes thoughts of Taoism and Buddhism. Chinese kung fu has a long history, with multi-various sects and many different boxing styles, and emphasizes coupling hardness with softness and internal and external training. It contains the ancient great thinkers’ pondering of life and the universe. The skills in wielding the 18 kinds of weapons named by the later generations mainly involve the skills of bare-handed boxing, such as shadow boxing (Taijiquan), form and will boxing (Xingyiquan), eight trigram palm (Baguazhang), and the skills of kung fu weaponry, such as the skill of using swords, spears, two-edged swords and halberds, axes, tomahawks, kooks, prongs and so on.【关于中国的英文资料】
中国功夫即中国武术，是将技击寓于搏斗和套路运动之中的中国传统体育项目，承载着丰富的中国民族传统文化。其核心思想是儒家的中和养气之说，同时兼容了道家、释家的思想。中国武术源远流长、流派林立、拳种繁多，讲究刚柔并济、内外兼修，蕴含着先哲们对生命和宇宙的参悟。后世所称十八般武艺，主要指：徒手拳艺，如太极拳、形意拳、八卦掌等；器械功夫，如刀枪剑戟、斧钺钩叉等。
Chinese Characters
Chinese characters were initially meant to be simple pictures used to help people remember things. After a long period of development, it finally became a unique character system that embodies phonetic sound, image, idea, and rhyme at the same time. The writing system, which was extremely advanced in ancient times, began with inscriptions on bones and tortoise shells, and these are regarded as the original forms of Chinese characters. Afterwards, Chinese characters went through numerous calligraphic styles: bronze inscriptions, official script, regular script, cursive script, running script, etc. Chinese characters are usually round outside and square inside, which is rooted in ancient Chinese beliefs of an orbicular sky and a rectangular Earth. The five basic strokes of Chinese characters are “---“ (the horizontal stroke) “│” (the vertical stroke), “／”( the left-falling stroke), “＼” (the right-falling stroke), and “乙” (the turning stroke).
汉字是从原始人用以记事的简单图画，经过不断演变发展最终成为一种兼具音、形、意韵的独特文字。现存中国古代最早成熟的文字是甲骨文，被认为是现代汉字的初形。此后，汉字又经历了金文、隶书、楷书、草书、行书等不同的阶段。汉字结构“外圆内方“， 源于古人”天圆地方“的观念。汉字有五种基本笔画，即：横、竖、撇、捺、折。
Chinese Chopsticks
The Chinese way of eating with chopsticks is unique in the world. The recorded history of chopsticks started more than three thousand years ago. Chopsticks were named zhu in ancient Chinese. They look deceptively simple to use, but possess multi-various functions, such as clamping, turning over, lifting up, raking, stirring, scooping, poking, tearing, and so on. Chopsticks were taken as an auspicious mascot by ordinary people in ancient China. For example, the partial tone of chopsticks is often used by people as a metaphor at weddings to indicate a blessing or benediction for the couple to have a baby soon. Unlike using a knife and fork or one’s own hands, a pair of chopsticks also implies the meaning of “Harmony is what matters”. Chopsticks are highly praised by Westerners as a hallmark of ancient oriental civilization.
中国人使用筷子就餐的方式在世界上独树一帜。有史记载用筷的历史已有三千多年。筷子古时称为箸，它看似简单，但却同时具有夹、拨、挑、扒、拌、撮、戳、撕等多种功能。中国民间视筷子为吉祥之物，如婚俗中将筷子隐喻为快生贵子的祝福等。与使用刀叉以及手抓的
方式不同，成双结对的筷子含有“和为贵“的意蕴。西方人赞誉筷子是古老的东方文明。 Chinese Seal
A seal can also be defined as a stamp. Both the Chinese official and private seal of various dynasties have different titles, such as stamp, zhu note, contract, fu, lease and others. The seals used by the emperors of ancient China were called xi, yin, bao, etc. According to historical records, seals were widely used during the Warring States Period (475BC-221BC). The making of a seal is to engrave fonts, such as seal characters and official script and so on; or images in the form of intaglio and embossment into the seal, basically shaped as round or square. Covered with a vermilion overlay, the Chinese seal is not only used in daily life, but it is also used to represent signatures on paintings and calligraphies. It is gradually becoming one of China’s unique artworks.
印章就是图章。中国历代官、私所用的印章有印信、朱记、合同、符、契等等不同的称谓，而帝王所用的印章古时称玺、印、宝、章等。据史料记载，印章在战国时代已普遍使用。印章的制作是将篆隶等字体、图像用阴、阳的形式雕刻而成，形状以圆、方为主。印章用朱色 钤盖，除日常应用外，又多用于书画题识，逐渐成为中国特有的艺术形式之一。
Chinese Era
The Chinese era is the symbol that the Chinese calendar uses for recording and naming years. The ten Heavenly Stems are: jia, yi, bing, ding, wu, ji, geng, xin, ren, gui. The twelve Earthly Branches are: zi.chou, yin, mou, chen, si, wu, wei, shen, you, xu, hai. After observing the lunar month, the ancients found that the moon always wazes and wanes roughly 12 times a year, and two lunar months account for about 60 days, so the order of the ten Heavenly Stems and the order of the twelve Earthly Branches are properly matched in turn. In terms of recording date, 60 years is considered to be a full time cycle. The Chinese era chronology was first invented in ancient times and is still in use now. according to the chronology of the “ten Heavenly Stems,” 2011 is the year of “the seventh of the ten Heavenly Stems” and “ the fifth of the twelve Earthly Branches”.【关于中国的英文资料】
天干地支是中国历法中用以记录和命名年岁的方法。十天干为：甲、乙、丙、丁、戊、已、庚、辛、壬、癸；十二地支为：子、丑、寅、卯、辰、巳、午、未、申、酉、戊、亥。古人观测朔望月，发现月亮圆缺12次大体上是一年的天数，而两个朔望月约是60天。古人以十天干与十二地支的顺序依次相配，记录不同年份，60年为一个轮回。干支纪年法从古沿用至今。按干支纪年法，2011年便是辛卯年。
Chinese Beijing Opera
Praised as “Oriental Opera”, Beijing Opera is a genuine national quintessence of China. It originated from many kinds of ancient local operas, especially huiban in southern China. At the end of the 19th Century, Beijing Opera evolved and took shape, becoming the greatest kind of opera in China. Beijing Opera is a blend of performing arts---song, speech, performance, acrobatix fighting and dance. Beijing Opera portrays and narrates the plot and characters through stylized acting. The main types of roles in Beijing Opera are sheng(male), dan (young female), jing (painted face, male), and chou( clown, male or female).
京剧被誉为“东方歌剧”， 是地道的中国国粹。它起源于中国多种古老的地方戏剧，特别是南方的“徽班”。到了19世纪末，京剧形成并成为中国最大的戏曲剧种。京剧是综合性表演艺术，集唱（歌唱）、念（念白）、做（表演）、打（武）、舞（舞蹈）为一体，通过程式化的表演手段，叙述故事，刻画人物。角色主要分生（男性）、旦（女性）、净（男性）、丑（男性女性皆有）四大行当。
Chinese Taoism
Taoism first originated in China. The founder of Taoism is Laozi, a philosopher and thinker who lived in the late Spring and Autumn Period (770BC-476BC). Tao Te Ching whose authorship has been attributed to Laozi, is considered to be the main Taoist classic. Taoism advocates the value of a human being’s life, recommends the discarding of all desires and worries from one’s mind, and encourages the cultivation of moral character and the nourishment of human nature. The following is an example of Laozi’s golden saying:
The way that can be told of is not an unvarying way;
The names that can be named are not unvarying names.
It was from the nameless that Heaven and Earth sprang;
The named is but the mother that rears the ten thousand creatures, each after its kind.
Truly, only he that rids himself forever of desire can see the secret essences;
He that has never rid himself of desire can see only the outcomes.
道教是中国土生土长长的宗教。创始人是春秋末期的哲学家、思想家老子。道教以老子所著的《道德经》为主要经典。道教主张“重人贵生”。崇尚清静无为，修身养性。“道可道，非常道。名可名，非常名。无名天地之始；有名万物之母。故常无，欲以观其妙；常有，欲以观其徼”便是老子的至理名言。
Chinese Idioms
Chinese idioms refer to comprehensive and integrated fixed phrases and expressions. Idioms are established and accepted by constant usage and common practice. An idiom is a language unit that is larger than a word, but has the same grammatical function as a word. Most Chinese idioms consist of four characters. For example, ziqiangbuxi ( make unremitting efforts to improve oneself), qingchuyulan(bluer than indigo), and houjibofa (success comes with time and effort). Idioms are extrated from folk proverbs, ancient works of literature, poems, fables, allusions, and well-known sayings. Idioms are a part of the Chinese language that are concise and have great vitality.
中国成语是汉语中意义完整的表示一般概念的固定词组或短语。“成语”中的“成”既是约定俗成。成语是比词大而语法功能又相当于词的语言单位。绝大多数的中国成语由四个汉字组成，例如：自强不息、青出于蓝、厚积薄发。成语主要从民间谚语、古代文学作品、诗歌、寓言、典故、名言警句等方面提炼而成，是汉语语言中精炼而又富有生命力的一部分。 Chinese silk
China is the home of silk. Mulberry planting, sericulture, silk reeling and thickening are all great inventions of the ancient Chinese. As early as the Shang and Zhou Dynasties (1600BC-256BC), the Chinese people’s silk-weaving techniques had reached an extremely high level. During the Western Han Dynasty (206BC-25AD), Zhang Qian, an outstanding diplomat, travelled around central Asia and connected China with the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean, opening up a new era of Sino-foreign trade, exchange and communication. From then on, China’s silk became well known for its extraordinary quality, exquisite design and color, and abundant culture connotations. Hitherto, Chinese silk has been accepted as a symbol of Chinese culture and the emissary of oriental civilization.
中国是丝绸的故乡。栽桑、养蚕、缫丝、织绸是中国古代人民的伟大发明。商周时期丝绸的生产技术就已发展到相当高的水平。西汉时张骞通西域，把中原与波斯湾、地中海紧密联系起来，开辟了中外交流贸易的新纪元。从此中国的丝绸以其卓越的品质、精美的花色和丰富的文化内涵闻名于世，成为中国文化的象征。东方文明的使者。
Chinese Classical Garden
The Chinese classical garden is a precious treasure of our ancient Chinese architecture. It is a kind of environment art, which systematically combines artificial mountains and rivers, plants and buildings with the natural landscape. The construction standard of a Chinese classical garden is “artificial as it is, the garden must look ingenious and natural.” When you go sightseeing in a Chinese classical garden, you should be able to appreciate its artistic concept which “makes use of the natural landscape to create the real fun of mountains and rivers for viewers.” Of the world’s three major garden systems, the Chinese classical garden is hailed as one of the origins of the world’s garden due to its long history and abundant connotations.
中国园林是把人造的山水、植物、建筑等与自然地貌有机结合的环境艺术，是我国古代建筑艺术的珍宝。其建造原则是“妙极自然，宛自天开”。游赏中国古典园林，能充分领略“假自然之景，创山水真趣”的园林意境。在世界三大园林体系中，中国园林历史悠久、内涵丰富，被誉为世界造园史上的渊源之一。
The Four Treasures of the Study
The writing brush, ink stick, ink stone, and paper were requisite treasures in the study of the scholars of ancient China, and they are often referred to as the “Four Treasures of the Study.” The writing brush and ink stick have been used by the Chinese to write and paint since 5,000 years ago. In the Qin Dynasty (221BC---206BC), people already used feathers of different hardness and bamboo trunks to make brushes. During the Han Dynasty (206BC-220AD), man-made ink was used instead of natural ink. After paper was invented by the Chinese, bamboo slips, wooden tablets, brocade and silk, which originally functioned as writing surfaces, gradually faded out. The ink stone was first developed with the use of writing brushes and ink. After the Song Dynasty (960AD---1279AD), the “Four Treasure of the Study” particularly referred to hubi, the writing brush produced in Huzhou, Zhejiang province; huimo, the ink stick produced in Huizhou, Anhui province; xuan paper, a kind of paper produced in Xuanzhou, Anhui province; and duanyan, the ink stone made in Zhaoqing, Guangdong province (Zhaoqing was earlier called Duanzhou). Indeed, the Four Treasures of the Study” have writtin the whole Chinese civilization, as it is.
笔墨纸砚是中国古代文人书房当中必备的宝贝，被称为“文房四宝”。用笔墨书写绘画在中国可追溯到五千年前。秦时已用不同硬度的毛和竹管制笔；汉代以人工制墨替代了天然墨；有了纸张以后，简牍锦帛逐失其用；砚台则随笔墨的使用而发展。 “文房四宝”到宋朝以后特指湖笔、徽墨、宣纸、端砚。可以说文房四宝书写了整个中华文明。
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