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Silent Spring
by Rachel Carson
“There was a strange stillness. The birds, for example—where had they gone?” “The feeding stations in the backyards were deserted. The few birds seen anywhere were moribund; they trembled violently and could not fly. It was spring without voices.” “On the farms the hens brooded, but no chicks hatched.” “The roadsides, once so attractive, were now lined with browned and withered vegetation as though swept by fire. These, too, were silent, deserted by all living things. Even the streams were now lifeless.”
This is a strange scene described by Rachel Carson, who is regarded as “the mother of modern environmental protection movement”. Silent Spring is her
representative work which lighted the fire of environmental protection in America and the whole world. Before 1960s, no books or magazines talked about things like environment and ecosystem. Such a phenomenon means that environmental protection had not come to people‟s mind and the social consciousness. Indeed, the main opinion in human society from the very past about nature is to “set war against” or “conquer” it. In fact, many of human‟s progresses are made on the base of such opinion. Rachel Carson was the first person who doubted the correctness of the belief and brought the topic under focus.【寂静的春天英文读后感】
In Silent Spring, Carson described a miserable village which was dying under the using of DDT. The village used to be prosperous and beautiful. “In spring, white clouds of bloom drifted above the green fields. In autumn, oak and maple and birch set up a blaze of color that flamed and flickered across a backdrop of pines. Then foxed barked in the hills and deer silently crossed the fields, half hidden in the mists of the fall mornings.” She thought that with the using of variety kinds of pesticide, especially DDTs, the village suffered enormous and irreversible damage and gradually withered and died. Soon it became just like the one described in the beginning. From her fine and smooth describing, I can even feel the groan of the town. Moreover Carson also sharply pointed out that the deep-seated cause for the environmental problem is the human‟s arrogance and ignorance. So she asked people to correct the attitude toward the nature and reconsidered the developing path of human being.【寂静的春天英文读后感】
Carson thought that because of the antibody and differentiation, pesticides would never be completely useful. On the contrary, those more and more poisonous medicines, because of the enrichment effect, would accumulate in humans‟ body. It‟s quite sarcastic that we hurt ourselves much badly while hurting the others. Then she analyzed many poisonous components in pesticides. Those are all unfamiliar names except DDT, such as chlordane, chloronaphthalene, compound 497, etc.
Those things really make me feel scared. We are on the top of the food chain, and it is such a perfect and fragile system. We human beings are just part of it and we depend on all of the creatures who stay on the lower positions. It is so hard and ridiculous to try to match the nature. ”Only in the state does man have a rational existence.” Every species have their value to be on this world. Then no one knows what would happened if we force them to disappear. For example, let‟s imagine the food chain as a meticulously made castle built by billions of little blocks and we human beings are the top one. There might be several tiny blocks on the bottom【寂静的春天英文读后感】
which you think is useless and dispensable. But what would happen if we take them away? Perhaps nothing happened, and perhaps the whole castle ruined.
Destruction is always much easier than recovery, not counting those incurable ones. Humans always think that we are much cleverer than the other animals, so we become more and more conceited and firmly believe that we are the king. We didn‟t see that the nature is so magical and knows how to revenge. The pay back is much more violent and cruel. We need balance and order. The nature has its own rule. Our aim is to use it and live in harmony with it. The ecosystem is so delicate that even a tiny disturbance could lead an unexpected consequence, just like the butterfly effect. At the last chapter, some scientists came up with other ways to solve the pest problem----biotic control. There is now a strongly running tide of interest in chemical sterility. Those sterile insects are released and mate the normal ones so that they won‟t have any larva and get extinct gradually. This “solution” seems to be
reasonable and helpful, but thinking about it carefully, you‟ll find that it is just another way to ruin the food chain castle. Not only spring, but also summer and autumn would be still and silent in the future.
It is lucky that Rachel still kept her mind clear. She didn‟t agree with the way of conquering the nature. At the very end of the book, she wrote, “The „control of nature‟ is a phrase conceived in arrogance, born of the Neanderthal age of biology and philosophy, when it was supposed that nature exists for the convenience of man.” This sentence can be regarded as the book‟s theme topic which is widely quoted in all kinds of articles about environmental protection.
Carson is a great woman and fighter. When writing the book, she was suffering from huge pain of the operation for mammary cancer. After the book was published, the widely affect brought her not honor and fortune, but fierce attack from the chemical estate. She died only one year after the book‟s publishing. On the spring of 1964, the great woman passed away, but Silent Spring made her voice never silent. The 20st century was a time that technology and economy developed rapidly, especially the 40 years after Silent Spring was published. But every spring, when flowers bloom, trees sprout, and water begins to flow, we used to recall a woman and her enduring works. We opened the window, and wonder if the spring is silent today, if it will be silent tomorrow.
《寂静的春天》读后感
20世纪60年代正处于战后恢复期，各个国家大多在加紧自己的现代化进程，大力发展军工业、农业。在那样一个以发展与资源开发为主题的年代里出现《寂静的春天》是十分具有争议的。但从现代的眼光看，这本书可以说走在的时代之前，高瞻远瞩的看到了几十、几百年后可能因为农药等而引发的生态环境的问题。可以说这本书是现代人类环境意识的启蒙书籍，其造成的影响力可以与《汤姆叔叔的小屋》相媲美。 书中对于那个虚设的小镇的描写是让人极为不适的，这样一个在美国和世界其他地方都可以容易地找到上千个这种翻版的城镇，对齐的一景一物作细致的描写，以此来带领读者进入这本书的主题，同时也让读者如身临其境般感受到这种环境变化的迫切感。
之后，作者着重介绍了DDT的危害，尤其是其对鸟类的危害，是造成大部分鸟类灭绝的元凶。DDT是一种合成的有机杀虫剂，作为多种昆虫的接触性毒剂，有很高的毒效，尤其适用于扑灭传播疟疾的蚊子。第二次世界大战期间，仅仅在美国军队当中，疟疾病人就多达一百万，特效药金鸡纳供不应求，极大地影响了战争的进展。后来，有赖于DDT消灭了蚊子，才使疟疾的流行逐步得到有效的控制。DDT及其毒性的发现者、瑞瑞士化学家保罗·赫尔满·米勒因而获1948年诺贝尔奖。但是应用DDT这类杀虫剂，就像是与魔鬼做交易：它杀灭了蚊子和其他的害虫，也许还会使作物提高了收益，但同时也杀灭了益虫。更可怕的是，在接受过DDT喷撒后，许多种昆虫能迅速繁殖抗DDT的种群；还有，由于DDT会积累于昆虫的体内，这些昆虫成为其他动物的食物后，那些动物，尤其是鱼类、鸟类，则会中毒而被危害。所以喷洒DDT就只是获得近期的利益，却牺牲了长远的利益。 《寂静的春天》以一个“一年的大部分时间里都使旅行者感到目悦神怡”的虚设城镇突然被“奇怪的寂静所笼罩”开始，通过充分的科学论证，表明这种杀虫剂引发的环境问题实际上正真实的发生在美国，在世界上的各个地方。破坏了不仅仅是微生物、鸟类，甚至人类也难逃DDT等农药的危害，人群中白血病、癌症的比率正在迅速升高。杀虫剂不应该叫做杀虫剂，应该叫做“杀生剂”更为贴切。
卡逊的付出得到了回报，虽然出版之路困难重重，但本书在出版之后，迅速的引起了民众的注意，民众认为书中的警告是正确的，最终导致了政府的介入。美国政府责成“总统科学顾问委员会”对书中提到的化学物进行试验，来验证卡逊的结论。“委员会”的后来发表在《科学》杂志上的报告“完全证实了卡逊《寂静的春天》中的论题正确。自此开始，卡逊的理念不仅在美国得到了肯定，更是赢得全世界的尊重。艾氏剂、狄氏剂和七氯等杀虫剂在英国北限制使用1972年，DDT在美国被禁用。
我认为卡逊的影响不仅仅在于农药的禁用方面，她同时将“人与自然融合”、“人与自然和谐相处”等观念深深地植入在了人们的心中。在人类长达千年的发展历程中，由于生存条件的恶劣或其他原因，人类在大自然面前往往处于劣势，由之派生而来的“征服大自然”、
“改造自然”的观念牢牢扎根在理念中。当人类真的有能力对自然产生影响力的时候，无节制的破坏与索取长达百年之久，伦敦雾都、莱茵河的污染、DDT等农药污染便是最好的证据，在这样一个时代里能将眼光放在大自然与环境上，不得不说是非常具有里程碑意义的，大发展时代的急流勇退让如今的生存环境不像书中描写的那样不堪。对于“人与自然相互融合”的观点的提出，我觉得是除了人类社会本身的自由民主主张之外最有意义的呼吁。环境并不只属于我们这一代人，也并不只属于人类。 十分幸运总是有这样的科学家在人们狂热、迷茫时给人们醍醐灌顶般的一击，他们着手当下，放眼未来，弗里德里克哈耶克的《通往奴役之路》等等都为人们在前进的路上指明了道路。也幸而大多数人都是明智，人们能分辨出什么是真知灼见，什么是谬论。虽然环境保护与人类的发展似乎一直在发生冲突，充满矛盾，但相信聪慧的人类总会找出办法，因为一旦有了正确的思想，正确的理论，剩下的只有方法问题。
用作者的一句话来结尾：科学上需要的是谦虚谨慎，没有任何理由可以引以自满。
<<寂静的春天>>读书笔记
1948年美国“多谎拉烟雾事件”，1952年英国伦敦烟雾事件，1955年，日本四日市哮喘病事件，1968年日本爱知米糠油事件，哪一件不是震惊世界的环境污染事件？一场海湾战争，将碧波万里的地中海几乎变成了死亡之海。原油覆盖着人类生命的摇篮，扼断了海鸟们的生存之路。一次切尔诺贝利核电站的泄漏给人类留下难以医治的后遗症，震惊世界的日本“水俣病”正是由于人们喝了大量含汞的河水。中国的本溪市曾为浓烟所笼罩，被世人称为“从卫星上观察不到的城市”。这样的教训举不胜举。环境污染以每周一种的速度在灭绝着生物！
可是翻阅一下本世纪60年代以前的报纸或书刊，你将会发现几乎找不到“环境保护”这个词。这就是说，环境保护在那时并不是一个存在于社会意识和科学讨论中的概念。确实，回想一下长期流行于全世界的口号——“向大自然宣战”、“征服大自然”。大自然仅仅是人们征服与控制的对象，而非保护并与之和谐相处的对象。人类的这种意识大概起源于洪荒的原始年月，一直持续到20世纪。没有人怀疑它的正确性，因为人类文明的许多进展是基于此意识而获得的，人类当前的许多经济与社会发展计划也是基于此意识而制定的。
但是蕾切尔·卡逊这位瘦弱、身患癌症的女学者第一次对这一人类意识的绝对正确性提出了质疑。可是在那时卡逊的理念遭到了剧烈的抨击，作为一个学者与作家，卡逊所遭受的诋毁和攻击是空前的，但她所坚持的思想终于为人类环境意识的启蒙点燃了一盏明亮的灯。让我们提前了解了环境破坏可能带来的危害与恐惧。
《寂静的春天》讲诉了化学制剂，特别是杀虫剂对环境的污染问题。作者称杀虫剂为杀生剂，因为在它杀死害虫的同时，也侵害着居民的健康、动植物的生长、周围的环境。书中主要介绍了化学药剂包括狄式杀虫剂、对硫磷、七氯和马拉息昂等等。许多这类化学杀虫剂都属于“持久性有机污染物”，它们的降解速度缓慢，危害持久。还有一些脂溶性的化学品，比如DDT，能够在动物的
脂肪组织中进行富集，即使每次摄入的量很低，时间长了也能累积到很高的浓度。而且，这些药剂在喷洒时在空气、风的作用下，使受影响的范围不断地扩大；在雨水的作用下，会使药剂溶于水中，随着雨水流入河流或渗透到地下水，水的地表径流使污染的范围越来越大……书中大量例举了在鱼、鸟、蚯蚓等许多的昆虫、动物体内检测到化学药剂的成分，且检测出的含量呈现出放射性的扩大倍数，很难想象长此以往我们周围的环境是怎样的情景？
杀虫剂的使用不仅对动物、植物等产生伤害，对人类的危害也是很大的。在书中大量的事实进行了论证。在佛罗里达州，两个小孩发现了一只空袋子，就用它来修补了一下秋千，其后不久两个孩子都死去了，她们的3个小伙伴都患病，因为这个袋子曾用来装过一种农药，叫做对硫磷的有机磷酸酯。另外有一次，威斯康星州的两个小孩（从兄弟俩），1个是在院落里顽耍，此时他的爸爸正在给山药蛋薯喷射对硫磷药剂，药雾从连接的地里飘来；另1个随着他爸爸游玩跑进谷仓，又把手在喷雾器的喷嘴儿上放了一下子，也中毒了就在当天晚上，两个孩子死了。像这样的事件很多，对人类带来的伤害也是永久性的。
然而，使用了杀虫剂也并不一定能把害虫杀掉，甚至反而造成了害虫的猖獗。大量使用杀虫剂使有些害虫产生了抗药性，人们不得不又研制新的化学药剂来杀虫，这样不断地研制、不断的杀虫，最终产生的化学药剂成分越来越复杂，带来的伤害也会越来越严重，人虫之战永远无休止。使用化学药品的问题很多，却没有容易的解决办法。正如阿伯特·斯切维泽所说：“人们恰恰很难辨认自己创造出的魔鬼。”
这个恶果应归功于人性自私、贪、欲，只图生活上物质享受，想得到更好的，更多的，而只为本身利益，不顾他人及一切。人类自钻木取火发明熟食即开始有文明，经过一万年演化至十九世纪末，也还保持能与自然相处和谐状态；自蒸汽机发明后，进入科技时代以至今日，已进步到全球资源逐渐耗竭，把地球遗留给我们里珍贵遗产无知的浪费了。虽有一部分有知有觉的学者人士已经提出呼吁，可是效果并没与想象中的那么好。问题只见日益严重。这样人类将
会祸延子孙，咎由自取不说，其他生物及地球何辜？故我们领悟到科技日益发达，只为满足人类一时的私欲，但会制造更多负面永久不良的后果；而最后终将走入绝路。古人说："顺天者昌，逆天者亡"所谓天，是天道也；自然也。如果有一天人类真的灭亡了，这也是因果的报应！
《寂静的春天》犹如旷野中的一声呐喊，用它深切的感受、全面的研究和雄辩的论点改变了历史的进程。1964年春天，蕾切尔·卡逊逝世后，一切都很清楚了，她的声音永远不会寂静。她惊醒的不但是她的国家，甚至是整个世界。化学药品之战永远也不会取胜，而所有的生命在这场强大的交叉火力中都被射中。使用化学药品的问题很多，却没有容易的解决办法。《寂静的春天》将我们带回当下在现代文明中丧失到了令人震惊地步的基本观念：人类与自然环境的相互融合。毕竟，我们是地球的一员，我们还必须生活在地球上，美丽的自然需要用心去理解，就如美好的环境需要用双手去呵护。
看完了全书，我感叹于卡逊的勇气，和全书书充实的信息量和广阔的知识面。但是我跟想说的是环境保护已经刻不容缓了，我们必须自觉的投入到保护环境的这个行列中!
?there was a strange stillness。 the birds， for example?where had they gone?? ?the feeding stations in the backyards were deserted。 the few birds seen anywhere were moribund; they trembled violently and could not fly。 it was spring without voices。寂静的春天英文读后感。? ?on the farms the hens brooded， but no chicks hatched。? ?the roadsides， once so attractive， were now lined with browned and withered vegetation as though swept by fire。 these， too， were silent， deserted by all living things。 even the streams were now lifeless。?
this is a strange scene described by rachel carson， who is regarded as ?the mother of modern environmental protection movement?。 silent spring is her representative work which lighted the fire of environmental protection in america and the whole world。 before 1960s， no books or magazines talked about things like environment and ecosystem。寂静的春天英文读后感。 such a phenomenon means that environmental protection had not e to people?s mind and the social consciousness。 indeed， the main opinion in human society from the very past about nature is to ?set war against? or ?conquer? it。 in fact， many of human?s progresses are made on the base of such opinion。 rachel carson was the first person who doubted the correctness of the belief and brought the topic under focus。
in silent spring， carson described a miserable village which was dying under the using of ddt。 the village used to be prosperous and beautiful。 ?in spring， white clouds of bloom drifted above the green fields。 in autumn， oak and maple and birch set up a blaze of color that flamed and flickered across a backdrop of pines。 then foxed barked in the hills and deer silently crossed the fields，half hidden in the mists of the fall mornings。? she thought that with the using of variety kinds of pesticide， especially ddts， the village suffered enormous and irreversible damage and gradually withered and died。 soon it became just like the one described in the beginning。 from her fine and smooth describing， i can even feel the groan of the town。 moreover carson also sharply pointed out that the deep-seated cause for the environmental problem is the human?s arrogance and ignorance。 so she asked people to correct the attitude toward the nature and reconsidered the developing path of human being。
carson thought that because of the antibody and differentiation， pesticides would never be pletely useful。 on the contrary， those more and more poisonous medicines， because of the enrichment effect， would accumulate in humans? body。 it?s quite sarcastic that we hurt ourselves much badly while hurting the others。 then she analyzed many poisonous ponents in pesticides。 those are all unfamiliar names except ddt， such as chlordane， chloronaphthalene， pound 497， etc。
those things really make me feel scared。 we are on the top of the food chain， and it is such a perfect and fragile system。 we human beings are just part of it and we depend on all of the creatures who stay on the lower positions。 it is so hard and ridiculous to try to match the nature。 ?only in the state does man have a rational existence。? every species have their value to be on this world。 then no one knows what would happened if we force them to disappear。 for example， let?s imagine the food chain as a meticulously made castle built by billions of little blocks and we human beings are the top one。 there might be several tiny blocks on the bottom which you think is useless and dispensable。 but what would happen if we take them away? perhaps nothing happened， and perhaps the whole castle ruined。
destruction is always much easier than recovery， not counting those incurable ones。 humans always think that we are much cleverer than the other animals， so we bee more and more conceited and firmly believe that we are the king。 we didn?t see that the nature is so magical and knows how to revenge。 the pay back is much more violent and cruel。 we need balance and order。 the nature has its own rule。 our aim is to use it and live in harmony with it。 the ecosystem is so delicate that even a tiny disturbance could lead an unexpected consequence， just like the butterfly effect。
at the last chapter， some scientists came up with other ways to solve the pest problem----biotic control。 there is now a strongly running tide of interest in chemical sterility。 those sterile insects are released and mate the normal ones so that they won?t have any larva and get extinct gradually。 this ?solution? seems to be reasonable and helpful， but thinking about it carefully， you?ll find that it is just another way to ruin the food chain castle。 not only spring， but also summer and autumn would be still and silent in the future。
it is lucky that rachel still kept her mind clear。 she didn?t agree with the way of conquering the nature。 at the very end of the book， she wrote， ?the ?control of nature? is a phrase conceived in arrogance， born of the neanderthal age of biology and philosophy， when it was supposed that nature exists for the convenience of man。? this sentence can be regarded as the book?s theme topic which is widely quoted in all kinds of articles about environmental protection。
carson is a great woman and fighter。 when writing the book， she was suffering from huge pain of the operation for mammary cancer。 after the book was published， the widely affect brought her not honor and fortune， but fierce attack from the chemical estate。 she died only one year after the book?s publishing。 on the spring of 1964， the great woman passed away， but silent spring made her voice never silent。
the 20st century was a time that technology and economy developed rapidly， especially the 40 years after silent spring was published。 but every spring， when flowers bloom， trees sprout， and water begins to flow， we used to recall a woman and her enduring works。 we opened the window， and wonder if the spring is silent today， if it will be silent tomorrow。
“一种奇怪的寂静笼罩了这个地方。比如说，鸟儿都到哪儿去了呢?许多人谈论着它们，感到迷惑和不安。园后鸟儿寻食的地方冷落了。在一些地方仅能见到的几只鸟儿也气息奄奄，它们战栗得很厉害，飞不起来。寂静的春天读后感。这是一个没有声息的春天。这儿的清晨曾经荡漾着乌鸦、鸫鸟、鸽子、樫鸟、鹪鹩的合唱以及其他鸟鸣的音浪；而现在一切声音都没有了，只有一片寂静覆盖着营田野、树林和沼地。是什么东西使得美国无以数计的城镇的春天之音沉寂下来了呢?这本书试探着给予解答。”——<寂静的春天>。
这本书开篇就虚设这样一个在美国和世界其他地方都可以容易地找到上千个这种翻版的城镇，对齐的一景一物作细致的描写，以此来带领读者进入这本书的主题，同时也让读者如身临其境般感受到这种环境变化的迫切感。<寂静的春天>是一本引发了全世界环境保护事业的书，书中描述人类可能将面临一个没有鸟、蜜蜂和蝴蝶的世界。作者是美国海洋生物学家蕾切尔卡逊，于1962年出版。寂静的春天读后感。这是这本不寻常的书，在世界范围内引起人们对野生动物的关注，唤起了人们的环境意识，这本书同时引发了公众对环境问题的注意，促使环境保护问题提到了各国政府面前，蕾切尔·卡逊1907年5月27日生于宾夕法尼亚州泉溪镇，并在那儿度过童年。她1935年至1952年间供职于美国联邦政府所属的鱼类及野生生物调查所，这使她有机会接触到许多环境问题。在此期间，她曾写过一些有关海洋生态的着作，如<在海风下>，<海的边缘>和<环绕着我们的海洋>。这些着作使她获得了第一流作家的声誉。
蕾切尔在本书中强调了人类自身对地球的环境的作用，“地球上生命的历史一直是生物及其周围环境相互作用的历史。可以说在很大程度上，地球上植物和动物的自然形态和习性都是由环境塑造成的。就地球时间的整个阶段而言，生命改造环境的反作用实际上一直是相对微小的。仅仅在出现了生命新种——人类之后，生命才具有了改造其周围大自然的异常能力。新情况产生的速度和变化之快已反映出人们激烈而轻率的步伐胜过了大自然的从容步态。”主要阐述了人类新型的化学产品或者生化武器给大自然的平衡带来很大的破坏，而且远远超过了其自身修复的能力，已然造成无课挽回的伤害。分别从人们从小就接触的各种化学生产的非自然的药品食品开头，其中透出了深深的无奈，这是每个地球人都无可避免的，再从整个大自然的循环链子来展开，污染了水源，如地表水、地下海；污染了土壤；“地球的绿色帐篷”——植皮也随之被污染；小野生动物赖以生存的地方都被污染了，同样的也遭殃了……这一切都是人类不加节制的破坏环境的一系列连锁反应。
“森林中生命的协同互济关系就变得完全失调了，而且寄生虫灾害反复出现的间隔时间也愈来愈短……因而，我们不得不结束这些违背自然规律的粗暴作法，这种粗暴作法现已被强加到留给我们的、至关重要的、几乎是最后的自然生存空间之中。”作者在书中最后一章提出这种结论，综合了前几
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