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雾霾作文
近年来，城市空气污染越来越严重，各大城市相继出现了雾霾天气（hazy weather），请根据
下列内容要点提示，写一篇关于保护环境的文章。
内容要点：
1、雾霾成因：①汽车使用增加；②工厂污染严重；③树林大量砍伐
2、建议办法：①尽量少用私家车，选用公共交通工具、步行或骑自行车；
② (自拟1—2条)
写作要求：1、词数80左右。2、短文必须包含所有要点，可适当发挥。
Now cars are increasing very fast. Factories are continuing polluting the air. Trees are being cut down. So the hazy weather is becoming more and more serious. It’s time for us to do something to protect the environment.
First of all, we’d better not travel by car unless it’s necessary. We can take the bus or the subway, walk or ride a bike if we don’t go far away. We can also set up a volunteer club and ask more people to join it. We can plant more trees, give the government advice to stop the factories polluting the air and water.
随着人们对PM2.5越来越多的了解，人们对自己的生活环境的空气质量越来越关注，更多的人志愿为改善空气质量做出自己的贡献。作为中学生，在日常生活中，我们应该如何去做？
要求：1、文中不得出现真实的人名、地名和校名；
2、词数：80—100个词，短文开头已给出，不计入总词数。
As people are knowing more about PM2.5, they are becoming more and more concerned about their living environment. As students, what should we do?
First, we should ride bikes or take buses to school. Riding bikes is also good for our health. We should try our best to advise our parents to drive less. Try to walk or ride bikes to work. Second, we’d better use both sides of the paper. Don’t waste paper. Third, we should save power. Remember to turn off the lights when we leave the classroom. At last, we should plant more trees and flowers.
If everyone makes a little effort, the world will be more and more beautiful.
雾霾
雾霾是一种空气污染现象，其中夹杂了灰尘，烟雾和其他的干颗粒，它掩盖了天空的清晰度和与自然环境相互作用。
这种空气污染物来自各种自然和人为来源，天然来源可以包括扬尘和野火烟尘，人为源包括汽车和工业燃料燃烧和生产业务。引起阴霾的一个的主要原因是制造业务，很多工厂在生产产品时，都有超标准和严重影响空气并成为空气污染的烟雾。
雾霾的成分可能对人的健康造成负面影响尤其是儿童和老人，也不能排除那些拥有某些疾病，如哮喘，过敏，肺炎和肺疾病的人。工人在露天工作时，他们的健康有很高的危害。
一个消除灰霾有效的解决方案，是在制造过程中进行一些化学步骤，它可以减少由制造业务产生的有害气体排放。爱护环境，应该由每个人做起。
Haze is air pollution in which is mixed up with dust, smoke and other dry particles ,and it obscure the clarity of the sky and interacts with the natural environment.
This kind of air pollutant come from a variety of natural and manmade sources. Natural sources can include windblown dust, and soot from wildfires. Manmade sources can include motor vehicles, and industrial fuel burning, and manufacturing operations. The one of the main cause that touches off haze is manufacturing operations. Many factories were over measure produced the smog that had over the standard and the smog seriously influence the air become air pollution.
The components that make up haze may have negative effect on people's health especially that of the children and the elderly. Also not excluded are those who have certain diseases such as asthma, allergy, and pneumonia and lung disease. Workers working in the open air have a high risk in their health. One of effective solutions to help eliminate haze is to make some chemistry changes during the manufacturing process,so it could reduce harmful emissions which are produced by manufacturing operations. Caring for the environment, it should be started by each person.
关于雾霾的英语话题作文
雾霾：样题一（环境保护类）
假如你是李华，你的笔友Mike从电视上得知前段时间北京多个地方出现雾霾（haze），非常担心，写E-mail询问有关情况，请回复。回复应包括以下要点：
1.实况描述；
2.对生活造成的影响；
3.成因简析与教训；
4.你个人的情况。
要求：1.词数100-120；
2.email的开头与结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Mike,
Thank you very much for your concern. ___________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Regards!
Yours，
Li Hua
参考范文：
One possible version:
Dear Mike，
Thank you very much for your concern. Last months several places in Beijing were blanketed with thick yellow fog. Everything around disappeared from oursight. Some highways were closed. Traffic jams were commonly seen in the streets. Many people, especially children and seniors, even found it difficult to breathe. As a result, local hospitals were crowded with people who had problems with their noses and lungs. Part of the cause was the dry weather, but the severely damaged environment contributed a lot to
this nightmare. Personally I didn’t get any health problems in the haze because I stayed mostly indoors.But to make a significant change we really have to do more to protect our environment. To live a better life we have to push on with the economy, but it wound be meaningless if we have to achieve it at the cost of our breathing air.
Regards!【雾霾英文】
Yours，
Li Hua
雾霾：样二（环境保护类）
今年（2013年）除夕到正月十五期间，北京雾霾天气出现的天数占到50%以上，严重影响了老百姓的生活和健康。请写一篇短文，描述一下北京雾霾的情况，分析雾霾出现的原因，并提出治理雾霾的措施。【雾霾英文】
注意：词数不少于100词。
参考范文：
During the 15 days from New Year’s Eve to Lantern Festival, Beijing was affected by smog for more than half the time, because of which people suffered a lot. On the road people drove slowly because they could not see clearly. People also suffered from many illnesses caused by smog.
The smog in Beijing has been caused by many factors, in which the increase of cars in the city area plays an important role. The carssend off a lot of poisonous gases, which in turn adds to the already seriousair pollution.
In my opinion, the number of cars should be limited.We should call on the people to use more public transport. Only in this way canwe expect to have more sunny days.
雾霾：样三（环境保护类）
假设你是李华，David是你的美国网友。他对目前中国出现的雾霆天气很关注，来信向你询问此事。请你给他写封回信。
主要内容如下：
1.感谢他的关注。
2.简介雾霾 （smog） 天气给人们的身体、生活带来的危害。
3.谈谈你的感想。
注意：可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯流畅；
开头与结尾已写好，不计人总词数；
词数：120左右
Dear David，
I'm glad to receive your letter. _______________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
参考范文：
Dear David,
I’m glad to receive your letter. I have learned from your letter that you are concerned about the smog which frequently appears in some areas of China. Thank you for your concern. I’m also very worried about such terrible weather because it has brought much inconvenience or rather harm to people’s health such as traffic jam, road accidents, bad coughs, throat hurts and ever lung cancers and so on.
As everybody knows, a good environment comes from good protection. So we should do what we can to make a difference. Try to drive less and choose air-friendly products. Only when everyone has the environmental awareness can we have cleaner air.
Hoping to hear from you soon and share your good ideas.
Recently，haze weather has become a daily one right here in large part of China.People are forced to wear the mask to avoid breathing poisonous air.So it is necessary to find out the reason why leads to that and work out the resolution.If we trace the cause for haze weather ，the main points are as follows ，first，china 's air quality standards are rather lax and evaluation factors are limited，so you will see that current air appraisal system has defects.Second，some people just go for economic interests instead of turning out products according to relevant law and
regulations.They tend to use obsolete equipment in which they are high likely to emit a great deal of wasted air.【雾霾英文】
Third，across our society ，relevant protection awareness has not built up so that people havent formed a habit of using green product and saving energy as much as possible.Just for the sake of convience to go out，people rely more and more on travelling and working by car while car is the main cause for the haze weatherTo settle this problem，a series of meaures should be taken as follows.First ，we should strengthen air monitor to lower the levels of small particulate pollutants.Second，we should enact more strict laws and regulations and keep perfecting our current law on environmental protection to regulate people 's daily action and the industrial production and punish those factories that ignore the protection and keep emitting dangerous material that cause haze. Third，we should develop green and energy-saving energy to lower the emission of haze and improve air quality.As far as i am
concerned ，if we work together to be able to do such measures ，our environment will getting better and better and haze weather will vanish completely. 2013年1月14日上午11时，北京市环保局（Beijing Environmental Protection Bureau）联合多个部门召开新闻发布会（press conference），联合相关委办局一起，介绍《北京市空气重污染应急方案（emergency plan）》实施情况，以及近几天空气质量状况及预报信息。
从1月7日起，中国中东部大部地区出现持续雾霾天气（smog），大部地区雾霾日数在3天以上。北京、天津、石家庄、唐山、邯郸、保定等城市污染严重（heavily polluted），部分城市重度污染持续时间达6天。其中，北京于1月13日10时35分发布了霾橙色预警信号（orange fog warning），这是北京市在连续发布大雾黄色预警后所发布的气象史上首个霾橙色预警。
北京市环保监测中心主任张大伟在发布会上介绍，1月10日到13日，基于国家新的环境空气质量标准，北京市空气质量连续四天污染级别维持在重度和严重污染的水平。其中重度污染日从11日到13日都是严重污染。本次污染过程具有影响范围广，持续时间长，浓度水平高（high concentration）三个显著的特点，属于近年来比较罕见的。
张大伟分析表示，华北低温导致采暖排放等污染物排放大、扩散条件不利
（unfavorable diffusionconditions）以及区域污染和本地污染贡献叠加，是造成此次重污染的原因。
第一，污染物排放量大，包括燃煤污染、机动车排放、工业污染和扬尘，这些污染源排放量大，造成本次严重污染的根本原因（root cause）。当污染扩散条件不利，污染源排放污染物难以扩散，空气污染随之加重。特别是2012年12月以来，整个华北地区处于极端低温天气（extreme low temperature），同比温度比往年要低，由于低温导致燃煤采暖排放量相应增加，这个影响也比较大。
第二，扩散条件不利。近期极端不利的污染扩散条件是形成本次污染过程的直接原因。10日到13日，北京地区被低压（low pressure）控制，地面风速减少，湿度（humidity）加大，并且逐渐形成了进风逆温和大雾极端天气，造成污染物持续积累。
第三，区域污染（regional pollution）和本地污染贡献叠加，近期，北京周边地区污染水平明显高于城区，特别是北部地区，大范围、大区域内污染物的输送和北京本地排放污染物相叠加，使PM（particulate matter）2.5污染物浓度水平进一步升高，也客观上加重了北京地区的污染水平。
张大伟表示，最新的监测数据和气象资料表明，14日到15日，华北地区整体上仍然是维持在低压系统控制形态，目前严重空气污染状况难以根本好转，重污染过程将持续至16日。 （本文中文新闻来自中国网） 雾霾天气
雾霾haze；
烟雾smog；
空气污染指数air pollution index；
橙色预警orange alert；
悬浮颗粒物airborne particulate matter；
可吸入颗粒物inhalable particle；
有毒物质toxic substance；
空气质量检测air quality monitoring；
实时发布PM2.5数据release real-time PM2.5 data
有害空气污染物hazardous airborne pollutant；
污浊的空气foul air；
连续多日烟雾consecutive smoggy days；
防尘口罩anti-dust gauze mask；
能见度低low visibility；
机动车尾气尘vehicle exhaust；
工业化industrialization；
乘客滞留passengers stranded；
追尾rear-end collision
天灰蒙蒙的，又是一个雾霾天气，路上的行人戴着口罩艰难的呼吸着，路上的车依旧那么多，可是乘坐在车里的人，他们应该没带口罩吧。
雾霾不知什么时候成为天气预报的常客了，晴朗的天气越来越少了，我们讨厌这种天气。整天呼吸这样的天气，严重影响我们的身体健康，更恶劣的是带来不少疾病，像呼吸系统疾病，心血管病，癌症等等。雾霾不仅影响着我们的健康，也模糊了我们的视线，甚至影响到我们的正常生活，在家里连窗户都不敢开了。我们的心理上更是蒙了一层厚厚的土。
造成雾霾的原因是人类对大气的污染，工厂排放废气，还有就是图中的汽车排放尾气，汽车一族的不断增加，所带来的不仅是交通问题，还有严重的污染问题。大自然的自我净化处理能力已经受不住我们如此的折腾。所以市民现在应该有这样的反省，不能只为了自己方便，就给环境施加压力，应提倡绿色出行，公共出行，为美好的蓝天做出自己的一点努力。 In the picture it is a grey day and hazy weather.The pedestrians on the road wear gauze masks and it’s hard for them to breath. But there are still so many personal cars on the road , people in cars may not wear gauze masks,I think .
Hazy weather has become a frequent visitor to the weather forecast, and sunny weather become less and less.So people hate this bad,annoying,dirty weather. If we often breath such bad air，it will threaten our health. Because the bad weather cause a lot of diseases, such as respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease, cancer and so on. Hazy weather not only do damage to our life, but also blurs the sight of our eyes, even has a bad effect on our daily life.And opening windows everyday become luxurious. It’s a shock.Our heart is also covered a thick layer of soil. Living here we feel depressed.
What lead to the bad weather is mostly human pollution, for example industrial exhaust gas, burning, as well as automobile exhaust in this picture.The holders of cars is surging, which bring about not only the traffic problems, but also serious pollution problems.Nature’s purifying ability is out of her range. So citizens should have such consciousness, not their own convenience, but they should advocate green travel and give preference to public transportation. Only by doing this,can they make their own efforts to build up the blue sky once more.
雾霾天气-英语介绍
背景知识：
The market for dust masks and air purifiers is booming in Beijing because the capital has been shrouded for several days in thick fog and haze.
近几日北京持续被浓重雾霾笼罩，市场上防尘口罩和空气净化器的销量剧增。
雾（fog）和霾（haze）是这两天我们经常听到的两个词，二者的区别为：雾的相对湿度（the relative humidity）一般在90%以上，而霾在80%以下，但通常两者并存。能见度（visibility）在1公里以下的称为雾，1公里以上但小于10公里的属于灰霾（dust haze）现象。
近两日，部分地区的空气质量指数（air quality index, AQI）可能达到极重污染，北京多地PM2.5浓度“爆表”。PM2.5就是指“可入肺颗粒物”，PM的英文全称为particulate matter（微粒物、悬浮微粒），PM2.5就是指大气中直径小于或等于2.5微米的颗粒物，可直接进入人体的alveoli of the lungs（肺泡），它的直径还不到人头发丝粗细的1/20。PM2.5主要来自burning of fossil fuels in vehicles（机动车燃油）, power plants（发电厂） 以及 various industrial processes（各类工业生产）。
相关报道：
1、 Pollution may make economy stumble
污染可能绊住经济发展的步伐
Construction, tourism 'will be hit by haze and measures to tackle it'
As a number of cities try to clear the air, specialists in Beijing warn that the pollution and emergency responses to reduce it could damage the economy and tourism.
Authorities in the capital said on Monday they had ordered 58 factories with high emissions to suspend operations. Work at construction sites that could cause dust, such as leveling land, were also halted.
The move followed similar action in Shijiazhuang, in neighboring Hebei province, where authorities stopped work at more than 700 construction sites.
Heavy fog envelops Nanchang city in Jiangxi province on Jan 14, 2013. [Photo/Xinhua] Both cities have advised young children and the elderly to stay indoors.
The capital has ordered kindergartens, primary and middle schools to scrap
physical education classes until air quality improves.
"Pollution from the 58 factories has been cut, and we believe we can reduce their emissions by 30 percent," Li Hong, deputy director of Beijing's Economy and Information Technology Commission, said at a news conference held jointly by several departments on Monday.
The factories ordered to halt operations include two cement plants, and others involved in chemicals, metallurgy and building materials, he said.
Up to 30 percent of government vehicles have also been banned from the capital's roads on heavily polluted days, according to a spokesman for the Beijing Traffic Management Bureau. Drivers found guilty of breaking the rules face penalties, but the spokesman did not elaborate. Air quality dropped dramatically on Thursday and steadily worsened over the weekend, said Zhang Dawei, who heads the city's environmental protection monitoring center.
By Saturday, official data showed the density of PM2.5 — particles of 2.5 microns or smaller that can damage the lungs — had reached 900 micrograms per cubic meter in several Beijing districts. It was the highest level recorded since authorities began releasing the data to the public in early 2012.
The safe daily level is 25 micrograms per cubic meter, according to the World Health Organization.
Coal emissions and vehicle exhaust fumes played a major role in the pollution and a low-pressure weather front trapped the polluted air.
"Beijing is a huge city with a lot of heavy industry," Zhang said. "Under certain atmospheric conditions, the pollution is trapped.''
The China Climate Bulletin, released by the China Meteorological Administration on Monday, said hazy conditions primarily occurred in two periods; between January and March and October and December. （From Chinadaily）
2. Beijing's hazardous pollution sparks Chinese media anger
Chinese media have reacted strongly to dangerous levels of pollution recorded in many northern cities in recent days.
In the capital, Beijing, at the weekend, air pollution soared past levels considered hazardous by the World Health Organization.
The official People's Daily said the smog was a "suffocating siege" which had to be urgently addressed.
The state-run China Daily said the country had to learn to balance development with quality of life.
Continue reading the main story
“Start Quote
It would be helpful if the city has less cars”
End Quote Ms Li, Beijing
Meanwhile, the tabloid Global Times said China was risking serious long-term environmental damage. Smog also dominated social media sites.
Over the week, a dense smog had been gathering over Beijing and some 30 other cities in northern and eastern China, with visibility down to 100m in some places.
Official Beijing city readings on Saturday suggested pollution levels of over 400. An unofficial reading from a monitor at the US embassy recorded levels of over 800.
WHO guidelines say average concentrations of the tiniest pollution particles - called PM2.5 - should be no more than 25 microgrammes per cubic metre. Air is unhealthy above 100 microgrammes and at 300, all children and elderly people should remain indoors.
Once inhaled, the tiny particles can make people more vulnerable to respiratory infections, as well as leading to increased mortality from lung cancer and heart disease.
The Xinhua state news agency said there had been a sharp rise in people seeking treatment at the hospitals in the capital for respiratory problems.
The mother of one eight-month-old baby told the BBC her child had suffered from lung problems for months and that they recently worsened after an outing. Ms Li said she had resorted to keeping a basin of water in the house in the hope it might act as an air purifier.
"It would be helpful if the city has less cars and the city could [place] curbs on car emissions," Ms Li said.
'Poor planning'
On Monday, Beijing authorities said levels had dropped to around 350, but school children were being kept indoors and media reports were warning the public to do the same and to avoid strenuous activity.
The build up of pollution has been put down to a lack of wind and a cold spell, rather than a surge in production of pollutants. But an editorial in the China Daily said there was no reason "for us to not reflect on what we've contributed to the smoggy days".
It blamed the pollution on poor urban planning and a rapid increase in car ownership, saying residents had to cut down their use of private cars.
"In the middle of a rapid urbanisation process, it is urgent for China to think about how such a process can press forward without compromising the quality of urban life with an increasingly worse living environment," said the editorial.
"The air quality in big cities could have been better had more attention been paid to the density of the high rises, had more trees been planted in proportion to the number of residential areas, and had the number of cars been strictly controlled. These are the lessons China should learn for its further urbanization."
The People's Daily, the official mouthpiece of the ruling Communist Party, ran a front page editorial demanding: "Let us clearly view managing environmental pollution with a sense of urgency."
The tabloid Global Times said measures taken so far to address pollution in China, which it called the "biggest construction site in the world", had failed to alleviate the problem.
It accused the government of dealing with environmental problems in too low-key a way, and called on it to "publish truthful environmental data to the public" to allowed them to help solve the problem.
"The public should understand the importance of development as well as the critical need to safeguard the bottom line of the environmental pollution," it said.
Social media was also dominated by comments on the pollution, with users of the Twitter-like Weibo site saying the government should do more to prevent pollution affecting their lives. （From BBC）
China Environmentalists Slam Inaction over Smog
2013-12-09 19:24:42 Xinhua Web Editor: Xing Yihang The smog that blanketed over 100 cities in half of China last week has rekindled 重新点燃criticism of insufficient efforts in the fight against air pollution.
Among urban residents, severely polluted air has become a main source of complaints and frustration over health concerns. Late last week, the Air Quality Index (AQI) in dozens of cities in eastern China topped or neared 500. AQI of over 300 cities is defined as "serious pollution."
Many rushed to buy face masks and air purifiers to ward off 避开，挡住the choking smog, a result of decades of breakneck economic growth. The dirty air even forced all primary and middle schools in the eastern city of Nanjing to close for two days.
"The smog is everywhere," said Xiong Yuehui, head of the science and technology department of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, at a meeting on Sunday in Shanghai. "If one place is
free of smog, then it will be a news," he said.
The world's second-largest economy does not lack the technology and funds needed to clean up the air, but lacks the implementation of concrete efforts, Xiong said.
About 22 million tonnes of sulfur dioxide二氧化硫 are emitted 向空气中发出。。。into the air untreated each year while the remaining two thirds of the total emissions, or 40 million tonnes, have their sulfur removed, according to data from the ministry.
However, Luo Jianhua, secretary-general of the China Environment Service Industry Association of the All-China Federation of Industry & Commerce, expressed doubt about the authenticity of the sulfur removal rate. He believes that many polluting companies often shut down their pollution treatment facilities to cut costs.
Bian Cheng, chairman of environmental protection equipment manufacturer Keda Industrial Co., Ltd., blamed loose supervision for the smog and called for tough law enforcement.
Wu Xiaoqing, vice minister of environmental protection, said the agency was working to put in place a responsibility system to punish government officials for environmental degradation.
Xiong said the ministry was also working to toughen environmental protection standards. "The new standards approved last week called for some 2,000 cement plants nationwide to improve pollution treatment facilities," the official noted.
Meanwhile, many cities nationwide will enforce limits on emissions of fine particles in mid-2014, forcing many highly polluting plants to upgrade their pollution treatment facilities, according to Xiong. Many blame China's coal-dominated energy mix 能源结构，混合能源for the pollution, and Bian agrees that coal is the main cause of smog. However, he said, China can only go so far in minimizing coal consumption.
It cannot be completely replaced by gas and therefore the current priority is to promote cleaner use of coal. "If coal can be used in a cleaner way, the air quality would then see a dramatic
improvement," according to Bian.
Coal can be converted into gas and with high standards on desulfurization烟气脱硫 and denitrification 脱氮in place, he added.
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