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Study abroad
Nowadays, many people like to go abroad to study. Study abroad is often considered to be a very good chance. We can learn from different cultures and knowledge from abroad, study abroad can enrich our life. The shortcomings of study abroad may be in the life a person's cultural and economic influence. We Chinese if we go abroad and experiencing culture shock learning to live in another country. Study abroad students may spend a great deal of living expenses. Some China students in academic success, and so they won a scholarship at school. However, the majority of peers who did not receive the scholarship. In addition, they have many beat all difficulties and treatment of living away from their parents and homeland. For example, medical insurance, daily food, clothes, rent and transportation can produce a lot of the cost of living. Most of the time, they need to rely on their parents to pay monthly overseas. Life is not easy.
出国留学
如今，许多人喜欢去国外学习。出国留学往往被认为是一个很好的机会。我们能从国外学习不同的文化和知识，出国留学也可以丰富我们的生活。出国留学的缺点可能在文化和经济影响一个人的生活。我们中国人会如果我们出国和在另一个国家生活学习经历文化冲击。出国留学的学生可能花费大量的生活费。一些中国学生在学业上的成功，所以他们在学业上获得奖学金。然而，大多数同龄人谁没有收到留学奖学金。此外，他们有许多意想不到的困难与处理的生活和他们的父母远离家园。例如，医疗保险，日常食物，衣服，租金和运输可以产生大量的生活费用。很多时候，他们需要依赖他们的父母每月支付海外。生活是不容易的。
中国青年报：在报告中，既有榜样也有偶像，二者的区别何在？孩子们能分得清吗？
孙宏艳：一般来说，偶像多是自主选择的结果，而榜样更多的是由政府和学校树立的，具有明显的时代特征。偶像更多地用来满足情感需要，如娱乐需要等，而榜样更多地起激励作用。当然，二者并不对立，可以相互转化和融合。
调查中我们也发现，孩子对偶像和榜样的区分度并不明显。比如，在孩子们最喜欢的偶像的调查结果中，周杰伦、张杰、杨幂、许嵩等娱乐明星排名靠前；同样，在孩子们最认可的榜样的调查中，他们依然靠前。许多孩子告诉我，这些人是偶像还是榜样并不重要，重要的是这些人身上有“正面”力量，能对他们产生实实在在的影响。
中国青年报：你们的调查显示，当前少年儿童的偶像近七成是文体明星，比例远高于科学、艺术等领域的杰出人物。对于这个结果，您怎么看？
孙宏艳：曾有个孩子在微博上对我说：“我内心的动力已经被学校和家长破坏得差不多了，相反，我能从明星偶像身上吸取动力。”可见，孩子们有从偶像那里获得正面动力的需要。我们现在提供给他们的榜样虽然是正面的，但一些榜样和偶像比较“干瘪”，内涵不够丰富，经常不被当成普通人来塑造，孩子们不喜欢。于是有着偶像需要的孩子会把目光投向明星。
另一方面，现在是大众化娱乐时代，经过媒体的包装和宣传，娱乐明星从着装打扮到生活方式都显得“光彩熠熠”，对许多少年儿童产生巨大吸引力。在这两种因素的共同作用下，娱乐明星自然成为大多数少年儿童心目中偶像的首选。
其实，明星崇拜在我国港台地区以及国外都相当普遍。它既是少年儿童发展过程中的阶段性现象，也反映了他们在探索自我的过程中，对理想人物的社会认同和情感依恋。偶像的一个特征就是理想性，就是说孩子们对偶像的崇拜实际上是在勾画自己的理想。一个张杰的粉丝在我的微博上说：“我从张杰的过去看到了现在的我，从张杰的现在看到了未来的我。”当然，不可否认的是，这一结果也反映出，我们当今社会商业文化泛滥和娱乐宣传过度等问题。
中国青年报：有人担心，这样下去我们社会将越来越接近“娱乐至死”的状况了。
孙宏艳：一定程度上的确可能出现这种状况。现在许多媒体缺乏社会责任感，在宣传明星时，只报道他们的外表有多漂亮、生活有多奢华，很少涉及他们成功背后的艰辛。这会让少年儿童觉得，未来的生活就应该是“住豪宅、开好车、一掷千金”，而且不用通过自己的双手去创造也能实现。
中国青年报：一些人可能觉得雷锋过时了，但你们的调查显示，雷锋仍是少年儿童榜样排行榜的第一名。雷锋精神为什么可以经久不衰？
孙宏艳：调查中，雷锋不但是少年儿童最喜爱的榜样，同时也是他们最崇拜的10位偶像中唯一一位非文艺体育明星式的人物。
雷锋之所以在当代仍受少年儿童喜爱、敬佩，主要有以下三方面原因：首先，雷锋身上助人为乐、敢当螺丝钉、刻苦学习的精神是人类普遍认同和需要的真善美的品质，它不会因时代变迁而被否定；其次，雷锋本身是个“小人物”，具备亲和力。而且，雷锋精神是每个人都能学习和效仿的，他给我们提供了作为
普通人应有的基本生活准则与道德标准。我们的调查是在2011年5月进行的，并不受近期学习和纪念雷锋的相关活动影响，这也进一步说明，雷锋的地位在青少年心中一直比较高。
最重要的是，在雷锋精神的延续与弘扬中，它不断被赋予时尚的元素，让年轻人能更好地理解和接受。比如，现在在年轻人中很流行的志愿者活动，它助人为乐的精神内核就是雷锋精神在新时代的延续和体现，只不过在形式和内容上更具时代特征而已。
中国青年报：调查还显示，超半数学生不喜欢学校的榜样教育方式。学校的榜样教育为什么不能赢得孩子喜爱？
孙宏艳：我们的调查发现，对于学校榜样教育中存在的主要问题，受访学生认为排名前五位的是“榜样被美化、夸大”(16.1%)、“榜样教育千篇一律，没有个性”(14.1%)、“榜样的缺点被隐藏，不可信”(13.3%)、“对榜样的宣传太死板”(13.3%)、“榜样不是学生选出来的”(13%)。
在我们的学校榜样教育中，最突出的问题是，教育者往往一厢情愿地认为榜样就应该是完美的。所以，在实际的榜样教育中，学校给学生提供的是一座座经过修饰、掩盖过缺点的雕像，并不是有血有肉的、可以打动人心的人物。学生在学校的榜样教育中原本没太大主动性，如果接触到的榜样再比较干瘪，他们会对学校提供和树立的榜样不感兴趣，甚至产生反感。
在塑造和宣传榜样时保留他的“缺点”，很多时候不但不会损伤其影响力，甚至还会拉近榜样与普通人的距离，扩大他的影响力。以苹果公司创始人乔布斯为例，社会在宣传他时往往只强调他的创新精神，但他在上学时是个“差生”，爱逃学、爱捣蛋，他的“差生”经历会产生不可思议的作用——让许多在学校被贴上“差生”标签的学生懂得，“差生”并非一无是处，他们也有优势和天赋，也能改变世界。
中国青年报：真正有效、受少年儿童欢迎的榜样教育方式到底应该是什么样的？
孙宏艳：首先应以少年儿童为主体，结合他们成长的需要来塑造榜样。如果有可能，可以让孩子自主选择榜样。其次，少年儿童需要去神化的榜样。在榜样塑造中，不要一味排斥榜样身上的“缺点”。可以赋予榜样一些时尚元素，让榜样偶像化。对于少年儿童明星崇拜的问题，我们也不用过分担心，甚至否定一切明星。我们可以引导少年儿童的偶像崇拜，发掘明星身上存在的正能量，使偶像榜样化。最重要的是，我们应提供一批少年儿童能接受、喜欢接受的榜样和偶像，让他们有更多的选择空间。
据新华社电 来自中国青少年研究中心的最新调查显示，近七成少年儿童最崇拜的偶像是文艺体育明星。这项名为《少年儿童的偶像崇拜与榜样教育研究》在北京、四川、陕西、河南、辽宁和广东6省市随机抽
取城乡中小学发放问卷调查，调查对象为小学三年级至高中二年级的在校学生。 调查显示，与选择明星为偶像相比，其他领域的杰出人物为偶像的比例只有13.7%、其中科学家占2.3%，劳动模范不足1%。中国青少年研究中心、“少年儿童的偶像崇拜与榜样教育研究”课题主要研究人员朱松说，明星崇拜不是内陆青少年独有现象，在港台、国外青少年明星崇拜现象相当普遍。
If you often feel angry and overwhelmed, like the stress in your life is spinning out of control, then you may be hurting your heart.
If you don't want to break your own heart, you need to learn to take charge of your life where you can — and recognize there are many things beyond your control.
So says Dr. Robert S. Eliot, author of a new book titled From Stress to Strength: How to Lighten Your Load and Save Your Life. He's a clinical professor of medicine at the University of Nebraska. Eliot says there are people in this world that he calls "hot reactors". For these people, being tense may cause tremendous and rapid increases in their blood pressure.
Eliot says researchers have found that stressed people have higher cholesterol levels, among other things. "We've done years of work in showing that excess alarm or stress chemicals can literally burst heart muscle fibers. When that happens it happens very quickly, within five minutes. It creates many short circuits, and that causes crazy heart rhythms. The heart beats like a bag of worms instead of a pump. And when that happens, we can't live."
Eliot, 64, suffered a heart attack at age 44. He attributes some of the cause to stress. For years he was a "hot reactor". On the exterior, he was cool, calm and collected but on the interior, stress was killing him. He's now doing very well.
The main predictors of destructive levels of stress are the FUD factors — fear, uncertainty and doubt — together with perceived lack of control, he says.
For many people, the root of their stress is anger, and the trick is to find out where the anger is coming from. "Does the anger come from a feeling that everything must be perfect?" Eliot asks.
"That's very common in professional women. They feel they have to be all things to all people and do it all perfectly. They think, 'I should, I must, I have to.' Good enough is never good enough.
Perfectionists cannot delegate. They get angry that they have to carry it all, and they blow their tops. Then they feel guilty and they start the whole cycle over again."
"Others are angry because they have no compass in life. And they give the same emphasis to a traffic jam that they give a family argument," he says. "If you own anger for more than five minutes — if you stir in your own juice with no safety outlet — you have to find out where it's coming from."
"What happens is that the hotter people get, physiologically, with mental stress, the more likely they are to blow apart with some heart problem."
One step to calming down is recognizing you have this tendency. Learn to be less hostile by changing some of your attitudes and negative thinking.
Eliot recommends taking charge of your life. "If there is one word that should be substituted for stress, it's control. Instead of the FUD factors, what you want is the NICE factors — new, interesting, challenging experiences."
"You have to decide what parts of your life you can control", he says. "Stop where you are on your trail and say, 'I'm going to get my compass out and find out what I need to do.'"
He suggests that people write down the six things in their lives that they feel are the most important things they'd like to achieve. Ben Franklin did it at age 32. "He wrote down things like being a better father, being a better husband, being financially independent, being stimulated intellectually and remaining even-tempered — he wasn't good at that."
Eliot says you can first make a list of 12 things, then cut it down to 6 and set your priorities. "Don't give yourself impossible things, but things that will affect your identity, control and self-worth."
"Put them on a note card and take it with you and look at it when you need to. Since we can't create a 26-hour day we have to decide what things we're going to do."
Keep in mind that over time these priorities are going to change. "The kids grow up, the dog dies and you change your priorities."
From Eliot's viewpoint, the other key to controlling stress is to "realize that there are other
troublesome parts of your life over which you can have little or no control — like the economy and politicians".
You have to realize that sometimes with things like traffic jams, deadlines and unpleasant bosses, "You can't flee. You can't flee. You have to learn how to flow."
Will the eBook finally replace paper?
Four major hurdles have restricted the electronic book market: construction, cost, content and culture
Why isn't there an iPod for electronic books (eBooks)? And where's the eBook equivalent of an iTunes store? Last week Sony launched two products in the US that it hopes will address both issues. The Sony Reader is a paperback-sized device with a six-inch screen that can store about 80 eBooks, or hundreds on a plug-in memory card. The $350 (£185) Reader is joined by a new online service, Connect, which offers more than 10,000 eBooks from publishers such as Simon & Schuster, Random House, Penguin, HarperCollins and Harlequin
So is the eBook market finally coming of age? Nick Bogaty, executive director of the International Digital Publishers Forum says: "I've always said that four factors need to be in place for the market to take off. You need a device that makes reading pleasurable, content at the right price, a great selection of content and eBooks that are easy to use. We're definitely getting closer to these goals."
On the face of it, an eBook is an attractive proposition, not least because it can offer features difficult or impossible to find in a printed book, such as hyperlinks, multimedia content, cut and paste, high degrees of interactivity and updated content. It can be downloaded and read instantly, and publishers don't have to transport huge volumes of books around the country and store them in warehouses. It can be read on a PC, a PDA, a smartphone or a dedicated device, like Sony's Reader. But despite these benefits, even Bogaty admits that eBooks are still a cottage industry. The US market was worth about $15m in 2005 and sales for the first half of the year totalled only 907,000. In 2004, US firms published 2.3bn books worldwide; only 0.1% of them were eBooks.
The eBook sector has faced four major hurdles: construction, cost, content and culture. Constructing a reading device is much more challenging than making a digital music player, says Bill McCoy, general manager of Adobe's e-publishing business: "Music has been digital since the CD, so it's quite simple to do. And digital players
use a very simple interface - headphones. An eBook reader needs sophisticated display technology and a long battery life."
Screen clarity
Paper remains the best medium for text reading, and until recently it has been hard to offer similar clarity on a screen. But the development of e-ink technology, which uses millions of black and white microcapsules on a screen, from the E-ink
Corporation has dramatically improved text on a screen. Sony's Reader uses e-ink and the company says its battery will last for up to 7,500 page turns.
Dutch electronics giant Philips has developed a prototype rollable electronic display and a Philips spinoff, Irex Technologies , markets a rival eBook device, iLiad (about £440), which includes Wi-Fi. So far, Apple has not made the iPod an eBook reader as well. When asked if it had eBook plans, the company said: "We don't discuss unannounced products. Our iTunes store offers thousands of audio books." Daniel Duris has developed iPod eBook Creator, an unofficial tool for converting text files into iPod eBooks )and iPrePPress publishes iPod eBooks for students. The eBook sector is also trying to address one of the biggest issues - standardisation. There is a plethora of eBook file formats (Adobe, Sony, Microsoft, Mobipocket and eReader all use proprietary file formats), reader software and digital rights management (DRM) systems. The latter is used by the book publisher to control how the eBook is used, for instance, restricting its use to a unique device or offering limited copying facilities.
The IDPF, an international trade and standards forum, has members from the publishing, software, retail and electronics markets, including Adobe, Amazon, Microsoft, Sony and Random House. In the spring, it plans to release a new open file format, .obe, and a standard Zip-based file container, which Bogaty believes will help drive the eBook industry: Adobe's McCoy thinks the market will shake down to two file formats: Adobe's .pdf and .obe.
However, few expect there to be a common DRM. "There are just too many patents involved in DRM technology," notes McCoy. What's more important is how eBook publishers implement DRM technology. Sony's previous eBook device, the Librie, was panned for using a DRM system that deleted commercial books after 60 days. "Consumers will be looking for a more flexible DRM so they can move content around," says McCoy. Kevin McKiernan, director of business development at US textbook distributor MBS Direct, says, "Textbook publishers have put a lot of added value material into books, and they can't see how that transcribes to a comparable digital product. There's also concern about the Napster effect [before Napster became a legitimate online music service]." Publishers are likely to err on the side of caution and some form of time limit, to allow for browsing before purchasing or library loans, is likely
海外留学10大利与弊 出国应三思而后行
英国《独立报》近日为大家制定了一份出国留学的优缺点清单，有意愿留学留学的同学可以参考下。
优点：
1、领略不同文化
生活在一个新的国家将会让你体验一种完全不同的生活方式。在这里你可以品尝极具异地风情的食物、欣赏你从未听过的音乐、并且了解不同国家的特有的传统，你在那里所学到的东西将伴随你的一生。当然，在这之前你需要确保你比大多数同龄人都要渊博和开放得多。
2、结交新朋友
在一所新的大学学习无疑意味着会遇见很多新面孔和结识新的朋友。这将成为一个独特的经历，你也许会更加欣赏你交到的朋友，因为你们的友情将会伴随终生，尤其是当你毕业之后或者想要去结伴旅行的时候。如果你想在旅途中歇歇脚，那么你会非常需要居住在那个地方的朋友。
3、学习一门新语言
还有什么能比学习语言更能让你完全沉浸在该国文化中的办法呢?学习语言最好的方式就是和当地人交谈，如果你的语言很好，那么在国外学习就不会有短板了。不管是在领英(LinkedIn)还是Tinder上，会讲多种语言总能给人们留下深刻的印象。
4、周游世界不是梦
出了国你不仅能在新家的附近旅游，你还能去那些曾经在你心中是遥远梦想的地方。如果你已经在美国了，那么环美游行也就指日可待了;如果你身处澳大利亚，去新西兰也将会变得十分容易。突然间，整个世界的大门好像都向你敞开了。
5、充实的假期
有没有这样的经历：当你还没怎么意识到的时候圣诞节和新年就已经偷偷过去了吗?当你的假期都已经过完了，却还幻想着还有一天么?现在你可以通过过个充实的假期来弥补这个缺憾。或是在五月五日节上欢歌载舞、或是在7月4日看烟花，让自己充分享受节日的快乐。
缺点：
1、乡愁【出国留学的缺点英语,】
也许在上大学期间你就已经远离故乡和亲人，但是在国外就是完全另一回事了。如果你已经决定要出国，那么你必须接受不能在节假日回家探亲或者回家过几天“小公举”的生活事实。当然，随着视频聊天和例如Skype和FaceTime等众多社交程序的涌现，解决乡愁已经不再是个难题。
2、孤独
如果你居无定所或是没有朋友，那么你在国外将会非常的孤独。你非常需要让自己走出去、参加社团、参与更多的社交并主动与人交谈，如果你还没有做好让自己变得外向的准备，那么是否出国还需三思。
3、费用高昂
机票、住宿、旅行、日常开支。。。国外留学的花费开支往往会在你毫无意识的情况下呈滚雪球式增长。日常生活往往是花费最高的一部分，即使你计划的很完美，最终也有可能会花光所有的积蓄。除非你已经计划了很长一段时间，或者是你很长一段时间都只待在学校里。
4、适应全新学习环境
当你去国外留学之后，也许你自己都很难回忆起哪一天你就是待在学校学习了。在这全新的环境下，你很难保持足够的动力去专注学业。同时你还要知道，国外的学习模式和国内是不完全一样的，切勿遗漏掉重要信息。
5、自给自足
不要笑，这真的很重要。虽然其他国家也有茶叶，但是和国内的都不太一样。想要喝到家乡的茶的味道，最好自己准备好茶叶和茶杯。
Study abroad What are the admission qualifications for a master degree? 读研究生的入学要求是什么？ How many courses do I have to take for an MA. A.? 读研究生需要学习多少门课程？ How do I apply for a visa?
怎样申请签证？ Is it difficult to find a part-time job in America?
在美国找兼职工作困难吗？ What is the cost of living in that country?
在那个国家的生活费用是多少？
How do I get a grant from the government?
怎样得到政府的资助呢？ How do I extend a visa if it expires?
签证到期后怎样延长签证？
•. How do I select the courses abroad?
在国外如何选择课程？
在国外找工作的前景如何？
What a bout the tuition and fees for studying in America? 在美国学杂费是多少？
Can a foreign student work without a work permit? 外国学生没有工作许可证,可以工作吗？ Do the tuition and fees rise every year? 每年的学杂费提高吗？
How long does it take to get a master’s degree? 需要多长时间才能获得硕士学位？
How many credits are needed for one course?
每门课多少学分？ What kind of grades did you make in college? 你在大学里的学习成绩如何？ When are you leaving for the United States? 你什么时候出发去美国？ Do you think they, II give me the visa? 你认为他们能给我签证吗？ Shall I mail all the materials to the Graduate Admissions office?
我要把所有的材料寄到研究生招生办公室吗？ How are you doing in New Zealand? 你在新西兰一切顺利吗？
What about your accommodation here? V •
你在这里住宿怎么样？ How did you get along with your landlady? 你和房东老太太处得怎样？ Why don't you rent a house near the school? 你为什么不租离学校近的房子？ Are you used to western food there? 你习惯吃那里的西餐吗？ Are you going to cook by yourself? 你自己做饭吗？ If you want to enter the university, you should apply now.
如果你要上大学，你现在就该申请。 I, II further my study.
我想继续深造。
I’m thinking about a visit to Paris. 我在考虑去巴黎旅游。
I’m determined to leave‘ 我决意要走了。 If is still undecided.
还没决定。
Don’t hesitate any more. 别再犹豫了。
Give me a definite answer, please‘ 请给个明确的答复。
It’s really hard to make a decision. 挺难做决定的。
I’ve changed my mind.
我改注意了。
出国留学导师推荐信范文
1
To whom it may Concern,
I am writing this letter to attest to Paul’s skills in language and public relations. In the four years I have known him, I have been consistently impressed with his ability not only to negotiate complex ideas in other languages, but also to relate these things in a personable, conscientious fashion. His manner in these cases is both professional and personal, two qualities which I find particularly valuable in a professional setting. He has personally helped me in professional negotiation for everything from train tickets to contract information, and I have always been able to count on him.
I first met Paul in school, where he was a student at the university at which I taught. He was well-known to most of the westerners in town, who could call from different universities to ask for his help. Sometimes this help involved translation of professional documents, and sometimes it involved personal help in making phone calls. Many of these westerners continue to call him today, even though they live quite far away from him, because they have come to trust him very much. From this foundation in public relations Paul has found positions in various
professional capacities and has been highly-valued in each place. He is generally the sort of employee a company finds most valuable in its dealings with both foreign and domestic clients. He puts people at their ease with his
language ability and manner, both of which communicate to people that they can relax and simply communicate. I would highly recommend Paul as an employee. His experience and manner are rare and very valuable. Robert Moore
Mentor
出国留学导师推荐信范文
2
Dear Colleagues:
MS. XXX requested a letter of reference from me to support her application for graduate studies at your university. As her research adviser when she was a graduate student in my school of science Beijing University of Chemical Technology, I am pleased to comply with her request.
I have known Ms. Zhang since 2003, when she was admitted as a Master of Science candidate into the school. As her research adviser, I directed her research and found her a promising youth radiating with intelligence and creativity. During her first year, she got a very good record in major courses and earned good scores major and general GPA 3.3. She particularly enjoyed challenging areas of studies such as Quantum Chemistry and Theory of Electrochemistry.
During the following two years, Ms. Zhang worked on a computational theory study of inorganic functional
materials project for his degree thesis “Theoretical Study of Electronic Structures of Several Representative Metal Element in the Hydrotalcite Slabs”. To make the theory model meet the actual materials, she faced down many practical problems, such as building reasonable module of inorganic materials, and calculation techniques. Working hard and independently, she cracked the problems one by one, and came up with a thesis that was characterized by academic excellence. During her M.S. period, she had three papers published in international journals.【出国留学的缺点英语,】
Judging by her outstanding performance while she studied with me, I am convinced that Ms. Zhang has acquired the knowledge and intellectual sophistication on the basis of which she can undertake world-class training. I therefore lend her my enthusiastic support and would appreciate your favorable consideration of her application.
From: x x x x
Department of the SPECIAL CLASS GIFTED for YOUTHS
University of Science and Technology
Hefei, Anhui 230026, P.R. China
July 1, 1998
3
Dear Sir or x x x:
I take great pleasure in recommending Ren Ren, one of my favorite students, for admission into your distinguished graduate program.
Mr. Ren was admitted in 1986 at 14 years of age into the SPECIAL CLASS for the GIFTED YOUTHS, my
university's unique program that caters to the intellectual needs of unusually talented Chinese youngsters. It was a rare privilege he earned with his nearly impeccable academic performance through the years of his elementary and secondary school.
He impressed me almost as he entered into my university, a major cradle of China's scientific and technological talents. At the time, members of the Gifted Class all had to spend half a month studying by themselves the
principles of calculus and then take an exam so that we could evaluate their self-study capability. Mr. Ren scored the highest grade in that exam. He also exhibited a keenly whetted mind during class discussions. To my regret at the time, his English was not as good as his mathematics or physics. But I noticed he made a point of working especially hard in improving his English during his five undergraduate years with us. By now, he seems to be at least as proficient in English as most of his former classmates in the Gifted Class.
In my experience with Mr. Ren, I was impressed with not only his extraordinary intelligence but also his ambitions and persistence. I am sure that Mr. Ren will be an outstanding student in any doctoral program that he may care to enroll in. So I would like to support him firmly in his quest recommendation into account when considering his application. I would greatly appreciate it you decide to accept him as he wishes.
Yours sincerely
x x x x
Professor and Deputy Head
4
Dear Admissions Committee,
As Director of the State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation at ABC University in
BLANK, China, it is my sincere and distinct pleasure to recommend Ms. Xiao Xiao for your graduate program in BLANK.
I have known Ms. Xiao since 2001, when she was one of eighty students who completed their undergraduate thesis projects in my BLANK laboratory. Ms. Juan’s enthusiasm for and diligence in learning helped her become one of the most outstanding students in the entire group, making a strong, positive impression upon me. Ms. Xiao is a very driven woman and student who know what she wants to accomplish and does not falter in her chosen path. Her intellectual curiosity and desire to acquire new acknowledge continuously have led her to perform much study on her own outside the scope of her classes and research work; oftentimes, I witnessed her consulting scientific
books and journals to help her discover how she could improve her knowledge and her work in the laboratory. Countless times, Ms. Xiao remained in the laboratory for more than twelve hours in a row to complete her work and make sure there were no errors. With such devotion and fortitude, Ms. Xiao did not surprise me with her
superior performance on her thesis paper. In terms of her character, Ms. Xiao is an amiable, courteous, and helpful young woman who has many friends amongst our laboratory personnel.
Ms. Xiao is ready to move on to a more rigorous program of graduate study. Her academic performance, research work, and upstanding personal character have won her my highest recommendation, and I hope you give her application strong consideration. Thank you.
Sincerely,
NAME
Director
State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation,
ABC University
5
几乎所有的大学都会要求美国留学申请人提出推荐信（Recommendation Letter）,评审委员借着推荐者的文字描述,可以了解申请人的背景状况。它可说明各种成绩单数字以外的其它意义,补充过于计量化、公式化审核的一种评估方式。 美国留学申请研究所一般要求三封推荐信推荐人的身份可以是曾经教你的教授,或是现（曾）职工作单位主管,自已视需要组合。例如,如果你毕业十年,你的推荐人可应有二封工作主管为宜,而毕业一两年顶多一封即足够。 推荐人的职务,并不一定愈高愈有利,相反地,认识你愈久而职称不高,内容又适当地表达你的个性（Personality）,才是上乘的推荐。以下,我们将提供你推荐信需注意的要点,帮助你着手起稿推荐信： （一）不要拖时间,尽快起草：推荐信需要时间写,何况又得配合老师的时间。所以尽快起草你的推荐信,以便使你的推荐者有充裕的时间,为你的推荐信效力。 （二）提供充份的信息给推荐者：如果你要推荐者能掌握你的优点,你得提供充份的信息。自然,要尽量具体避免空洞地陈述。同时,你也该提供你申请学校截止日期给推荐者参考,以免推荐者耽误了你的申请。 （三）各推荐信的打字书信字体,宜选不同的型式,以示不同的推荐者。属需要圈选的表格者,可以直接以手稿填入。 （四）在逻辑推理下,推荐者不可能知道或了解你的特质,请勿提及。譬如说,学生课外活动的表现就不适于平常教授正式科目的教授提及,除非教授也参与其中。又如其它课堂的表现,除非其它教授曾经提及过,否则不适合此科教授评论学生在其它科目的表现。再如,学生如何在图书馆查数据、写报告花费的时间,一般老师是不可能知之甚详,除非实在太特殊而略有耳闻,故也不适合在推荐信中提及。 （五）推荐信的内容尽量简短有力：不要虚无空洞的形容词,例如他任职于某公司时,勤劳、负责、认真、为人谦虚、诚恳等语句,不宜多引用,最好讲出具体事实,才不流于形式,尤其不要抄袭市面的书信范例,以免流于陈腔滥调,落入俗套。 （六）如果可能的话,推荐者最好与你修的科目或学校相关。譬如说：如果你将来计划主修英文,最好推荐人之一是英文老师。又如,如果你申请常春藤名校（IVY LEAGUE SCHOOL）,推荐者若也是常春藤名校出身,则其推荐信将更有力。 （七）适当提及自己的“缺点”。一封推荐信如果阐述的完全是被推荐的同学的优点，不免让人觉得有粉饰之嫌，如果能恰当地加入一些“缺点”，不仅能令推荐信真实，还会通过“似贬实褒”，反而突出了被推荐人的特殊气质。例如计算机专业、数学专业乃至金融专业的同学，在推荐信中可以考虑加入这样的词句：“该生有时因为过分专注于研究工作而难以平衡生活各方面的关系，这不失为一种美中不足”。这句话似乎是在谈“缺点”，但很明显这样的“缺点”其实正是很多专业最渴望的“缺点”——废寝忘食的工作态度，从而使得“缺点”也为申请提供了巨大帮助。 推荐信包含的主要题材 （一）与申请者的关系：表达清楚何种方式认识。譬如说是老师、指导教授,老板等。说明交往多久,如果是教授学生关系,对教授的科目做一个简短的说明,如果推荐信者是你的老板（主管）,请详细说明你的工作职责。 （二）推荐者对申请人人格个性特征的印象：譬如学习精神、工作态度、与同事（同学）相处的情形、组织领导能力、学术专长、研究能力、有无工作经验与否,并加注评语。 （三）推荐者对你能否顺利完成学位的看法：譬如说,描述你对特别分配职务上的
表现,以表现你的应变能力。又如,申请者是否有其它潜力未发挥？ 如果申请者的成绩未尽理想,评述你对申请者的看法。解释申请者虽然形式上的成绩未尽理想,却有极深厚的潜力尚未发挥。如果申请者转系,也可以强调申请者有强烈的学习动机,根据推荐者的观察,相信以申请者的表现,一定可以成功完成学业。 （四）推荐者对申请人人格个性特征的印象：譬如学习精神、工作态度、与同事（同学）相处的情形、组织领导能力、学术专长、研究能力、有无工作经验与否,并
加注评语。 （五）重述推荐者对申请人的支持及能力的确认,以再次肯定对申请人的支持与推荐。 美国留学申请推荐信的模式 推荐信的格式有些模式可循,以下将针对各段提供模式作参考： （一）抬头可用的格式有： Dear Sir/Madam; To Whom It May Concern: （二）第一段：引文句子可以引用如： “It is a pleasure to recommend to you (name), a former student of mine at (name of university).” “I am very happy to have this opportunity to recommend (name), who is presently applying for admission to your graduate (or undergraduate) program in (name of program).” “I understand that (name) is applying for admissions to your
graduate (undergraduate) school, and has requested that I write this letter of recommendation for her/him.” “In my capacity as professor at xxxx University, I have known xxx for three years, as both his/her advisor and professor.”
（三）第二段：这段可以提供最实质的内容。譬如,如果推荐者是教授, 解释学生在他门下所修的课程。 “(name) took two of my courses during the 1984-85 academic year, as follows; “xxxxx” and “xxxxx”.” “(Name) was enrolled in three of classes from September 1984 to June 1986 “xxx” and “xxx”.” 接下来,教授写一些有关申请人在课堂上的表现,如完成的研究计划、实验室研究、研究报告、考试的成绩、课堂态度、讨论课的参与等,举出实例。 “In my class (es), (name) did excellent work. She always listened attentively, participated activitely in class, and handed in very good written assignment. “In particular, his/her research paper on (topic) was of exceptionally high quality, and showed that s/he fully understands and has a strong background in his/her field.” 如果推荐人是工作主管,首先一定要仔细陈述申请人的工作职责,并对申请者工作表现作一评估。如果可能的话尽量列举实例。 “When (name) held the position of (job title) in this company she was one s/he was one of my best employees. His/her job responsibilities included (describe them), and s/he carried out his/her duties with exceptional skill and professionalism.” “S/he not only did his/her own work, but also helped other employees, and made many valuable contributions to the efficient running to our firm.” 第二段最后一段：可以提及申请人在班上（或公司里）的比较表现（譬如排名）： “I was rate (name)'s academic ability as in the top 10% of his/her class.” “Compared against other students that I have taught, I would say that (name) ranks in the upper 10%. 接下来,推荐者可对申请人能否成功完成学业提出看法。举例： “Based on his/her previous performance, I am certain that (name) would be a very successful student at your university.” “I believe that (name) possesses all the qualities necessary to make an excellent graduate student in his/her chosen field, and am sure that s/he will make a fine addition to your campus.” （四）第三段：如果还有其它话想说,请另写一段.例如：英文能力、沟通技巧、领导才能、特殊学术或工作背景。譬如说,如果申请人欲申请的科系是企管系,推荐者可着力描写他们有关申请人商业的专门技术、领导才能,以及申请者所参加的商业活动,例如,有关商业方面的组织社团。又如,申请人申请护理研究所,推荐者可着力描写他们关怀的态度、处理实验室的技能,或是对病人的奉献。 （五）最后,以几句结尾作总结； “Therefore, I am happy to highly and without reservation recommend (name) for admission to your graduate program. Your kind/serious consideration of his/her application would be most appreciated.” “I am thus pleased to give my full support and recommendation to (name)'s
application for admission to your school. If any further information is required, please feel free to contact me.” 签名： Sincerely, Sincerely yours, Very truly yours, With best regards,
下面结合上面的部分内容，给出一篇推荐信样例（被推荐的同学是数学系的）【出国留学的缺点英语,】
Dear Sir/Madam:
I am writing this letter of recommendation for Mr.Caleb, my former student.
I have known Mr. Caleb for more than 6 years since his freshman year at "University of Minnesota". At that time, he took the course-- "Mathematical Analysis," which I taught mainly for junior students majoring in Mathematics.
To my surprise, I found he was among the few students in his class who could keep up with the pace of my lectures. Moreover, he often posed thought-provoking questions during the course. Thus it was natural that I liked
discussing with this young man and became familiar with him. The more I knew him, the more I found he was talented at mathematics. As you can see, he got excellent scores on the course. In fact, he ranked No. 1 on this 270 hours course in the talented student class which has 34 intelligent others. With his outstanding talent and solid mathematical background, he also did quite well in most other courses during his undergraduate study.
By the way, you may wonder why his undergraduate scores look not so good compared to other Chinese applicants. It is easy to explain, because he belonged to the talented student class, which were required to endure harder test papers and stricter grading than most other college students did at least at "University of Minnesota". He even served as Prof. Linda s Research Assistant for one year. No one could deny his commitment to his job. As a matter of fact, Prof. Linda s electronic lab happened to be neighboring my office and I could always see him working in the lab, either repairing the instruments or helping Prof. Linda collect lab reports. Maybe one more example will demonstrate his commitment more clearly. Once he suggested compiling a FORTRAN program to solve a complicated circuit problem in his class. In order to do that, he had to do a lot of computer work. However,
because there were few computers available in our computer lab, he had to wake up at 5 a.m. in winter (please note: "Twin city" is a downtown near the north border of China, so it is pretty cold in winte
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