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《感受文化的影响》学案
中国人的“吃”文化
中华民族不仅是以勤劳勇敢而著称的民族，更是以好吃而举世闻名的国度。俗话说“民以食为天”、“人生天地间，为的是吃和穿”；孟子曰“食色性也”；孔子在《论语》中有40多次讲到食（吃）。笛卡尔说“我思故我在”，中国人是“我吃故我在”，日常生活中很多俗语是和“吃”分不开的，我们一起来看一看。
中国人历来将人数叫做（ ），户籍叫做（ ）；似乎中国人什么事都可以用吃来形容：用吃来形容：
受了委屈叫（ ）、受了罪叫（ ）、
很受欢迎叫（ ）、嫉妒别人叫（ ）、
受了惊吓叫（ ）、手头钱少了叫（ ）、
用积蓄去生活叫（ ）、深谙人情世故叫（ ）、
单独给予优惠或者福利叫（ ）或者（ ）、
受不了某件事情叫（ ）、被告上法庭叫做（ ）、
中饱私囊叫（ ）、占有钱人的光叫做（ ）、
男人占女人的便宜叫（ ）、男人靠女人生活叫（ ）、 不干活光吃饭叫（ ）、用银行利息来生活叫（ ）、
靠出租房屋的钱生活叫（ ）、黑社会火拼叫（ ）、
不做事光拿钱叫（ ）、平均主义经济形式叫（ ）、
被枪毙或枪杀叫（ ）、拜访时被人拒之门外叫（ ）、
研究透一样事情或者原理叫（ ）、接受这面的好处，却为那面卖力
( )、
得罪不起叫（ ）、软硬兼施都不能屈服（ ）、
还有什么赢者通吃、靠山吃山、坐吃山空、干什么吃的、哑巴吃黄连、王八吃秤砣、吃人不吐骨头、吃一堑长一智、一招鲜吃遍天、吃饱了骂厨子、吃了熊心豹子胆、吃了枪药、饱汉子不知饿汉饥、撑死胆大的饿死胆小的，
还有什么饮泣、饮弹、食言、糊口、铁饭碗、喝西北风、小菜一碟、脍炙人口、秀色可餐、囫囵吞枣、因噎废食„„总而言之，我们的吃文化，真是登峰造极、无以复加了。
博大精深的中华饮食文化,历史悠久,源远流长，人类学家、美国科学院院士、哈佛大学教授张光直曾断言：“达到一个文化核心的最佳途径之一就是通过你的肚子。”吃，在中国人的生活中是“悠悠万事,惟此为大”。对于吃的热衷，已经渗透到我们的骨髓之中，潜移默化地支配、影响着我们的思想和行为。中国的节日非常多，但是，无论过什么节日，中国人都是忘不了吃。正月十五吃（ ）、八月十五吃（ ）、清明节吃（ ），端午节吃（ ），冬至（ ）、夏至（ ），二月二吃（ ），腊八日吃（ ）。至于春节就更不用说了，要杀猪宰羊，蒸干粮办年货，鸡鸭鱼肉、酒菜瓜果一应俱全。除夕的那顿（ ），真是中国人的饕餮盛宴，人们终于等到了大快朵颐、一饱口福的机会，恨不得把所有的好东西都一顿吃了。
我们关于吃的理论和实践非常丰富，发明了炒、爆、熘、烧、焖、煨、烩、卤、煎、溻、贴、炸、烹、煮、氽、炖、煲、蒸、烤、腌、熏、风干、凉拌、淋、扒、涮等五花八门的烹饪方式，用来制作名目繁多的各种菜肴。经过历代名厨坚持不懈的努力，形成了（ ）等八大菜系、几十个风味系列的数以万计的师出有名的大菜。仅拿川菜来说，就有3000种之多，口味有微辣、中啦、超辣、麻辣、酸辣、酸甜、酸咸、咸鲜、咸甜、甜味、苦味、原味、清淡、 五香、鱼香、葱香、蒜香、奶香、酱香 糟香、咖喱、孜然、 果味、香草、怪味等等，令人目不暇接。
关于中国“吃”文化的探究：
1.中国人为什么这么爱吃？（至少写三个原因）
2.中国饮食文化存在的哪些问题？
3.你觉得哪些关于“吃”的观点是正确的？
4.请你介绍一道家乡的美食：
中国小吃的英文表达 (zt)
中国吃的文化是由来已久,但怎样把中国吃的文化介绍出去,怎样用英文来表达呢.虽然很多人喜欢以拼音来表达，但没吃过中国小吃的老外肯定是不能理解的。还是让我们一块来学习一下吧.
中式早點
烧饼 Clay oven rolls
油条 Fried bread stick
韭菜盒
水饺
蒸饺
馒头
割包
饭团
蛋饼
皮蛋
咸鸭蛋
豆浆
饭 类
稀饭
白饭
油饭
糯米饭
卤肉饭
蛋炒饭
地瓜粥
面 类
馄饨面
刀削面
麻辣面
麻酱面
鴨肉面
鱔魚面
乌龙面
榨菜肉丝面
牡蛎细面
板条
米粉
炒米粉 Fried leek dumplings Boiled dumplings Steamed dumplings Steamed buns Steamed sandwich Rice and vegetable roll Egg cakes 100-year egg Salted duck egg Soybean milk Rice porridge Plain white rice Glutinous oil rice Glutinous rice Braised pork rice Fried rice with egg Sweet potato congee Wonton & noodles Sliced noodles Spicy hot noodles Sesame paste noodles Duck with noodles Eel noodles Seafood noodles Pork , pickled mustard green noodles Oyster thin noodles Flat noodles Rice noodles Fried rice noodles
冬粉 Green bean noodle
汤 类
鱼丸汤 Fish ball soup
貢丸汤 Meat ball soup
蛋花汤 Egg & vegetable soup
蛤蜊汤 Clams soup
牡蛎汤 Oyster soup
紫菜汤
酸辣汤
馄饨汤
猪肠汤
肉羹汤
鱿鱼汤
花枝羹
甜 点
爱玉
糖葫芦
长寿桃
芝麻球
麻花
双胞胎
冰 类
绵绵冰
麦角冰
地瓜冰
紅豆牛奶冰
八宝冰
豆花
果 汁
甘蔗汁
酸梅汁【中国很多事情都是用吃来形容】
杨桃汁
青草茶
点 心 Seaweed soup Sweet & sour soup Wonton soup Pork intestine soup Pork thick soup Squid soup Squid thick soup Vegetarian gelatin Tomatoes on sticks Longevity Peaches Glutinous rice sesame balls Hemp flowers Horse hooves Mein mein ice Oatmeal ice Sweet potato ice Red bean with milk ice Eight treasures ice Tofu pudding Sugar cane juice Plum juice Star fruit juice Herb juice
牡蛎煎 Oyster omelet
臭豆腐 Stinky tofu (Smelly tofu)
油豆腐 Oily bean curd
麻辣豆腐 Spicy hot bean curd
虾片 Prawn cracker
虾球 Shrimp balls
春卷 Spring rolls
蛋卷 Chicken rolls
碗糕 Salty rice pudding
筒仔米糕 Rice tube pudding
红豆糕 Red bean cake
绿豆糕 Bean paste cake
糯米糕 Glutinous rice cakes
萝卜糕 Fried white radish patty
芋头糕 Taro cake
肉圆 Taiwanese Meatballs
水晶饺 Pyramid dumplings
肉丸 Rice-meat dumplings
豆干 Dried tofu
其 他
当归鸭 Angelica duck
槟榔 Betel nut
火锅 Hot pot
转帖]介词"to"的用法总结
一：表示相对，针对
be strange (common, new, familiar, peculiar, distinct, sensitive, immune, vulnerable, indispensable) to
Air is indispensable to life.
Aircrafts are vulnerable to interference caused by radiation.
This injection will make you immune to infection
二：表示对比，比较
1：以-ior结尾的形容词，后接介词to表示比较，如：superior ,inferior,prior,senior,junior
The quarrel happened prior to my arrival.
2:一些本身就含有比较或比拟意思的形容词，如equal，similar，equivalent，analogous
A is similar to B in many ways.【中国很多事情都是用吃来形容】
3：表示一些先后顺序的形容词，如：second,subsequent,next,preliminary,preparatory
Subsequent to the war,they returned to their hometown.
4:to也偶尔出现在个别动词之后,与动词形成固定词组,表示比较,如:prefer to,compare to,in contrast to compare to sth.表示比喻或比拟,而compare with sth.表示比较,如:
World is usually compared to a stage
Compared with his past,he has changed a lot.
Prefer的正确句型是:prefer A to B或prefer doing A to doing B,但当prefer后接动词不定式时,表示比较的介词to就要改成rather than ,如:
The undaunted soldier preferred death to surrender.
Many people prefer spending money to earning money.
They prefer to pursue careers rather than remain home as house wives.
5:to与及个别的名词构成比较之意,如:alternative
Going to an under water concert is a great alternative to going to dinner. 三:表示修饰关系
1:表示回复,反应意思的词,如:answer to question,
solution to problem,response to inquiry,reaction to proposal,reply to letter
2:表示建筑构件的词汇,如: entry,entrance,approach,access,passage,exit,vent,path
the approach to a bridge引桥
the approach to science
Half of the population was estimated to have no access to the health service. The access to education 接受教育的机会
The access to medical care 享受公费医疗的权利
4:表示人物职位和官衔的词,如:assistant to manager, ambassador to Spain, successor to tradition, heir to throne,deputy to the National People’s Congress
advisor to the Prime Minister
5:表示权利和许可的词汇,如:right,admission
The employee finally got the admission to the boardroom.
Everyone has an equal right to ……..
6:表示栅栏或障碍的词汇,如:bars to development,the barrier to progress
7:表示与书籍,文本相关的词,如:introduction to passage.
8:表示恭喜或是祝贺,如:
The director proposed a toast to the health of the guests.
Let’s drink to Dick’s success in business
9:另外还有一些名词符合这种用法,有的具有两者息息相关,缺一不可的含义.如:key to door,invitation to party,
guide to action,limitation to life,accessory to school
四:to还具有依据,伴随,和着节奏的含义,如:sing to piano, chance to the tune, stamp to the rhythm of the song, add salt to taste
五:表示趋势或倾向,如:tend to,be prone to,be inclined to,be apt to,be liable to He’s liable to seasickness.
You are liable to come to wrong conclusion.
六:表示对事情的坚持与执着,如:sick to,hold o,adhere to,cling to
He still holds on to his original views.
七:表示约束,局限,如:limit to,confine to,resrict to
He’s confined to the house by illness.
He confined his remarks to scientific mangement.
八:表示一种习惯或是一种适应性,如:get (be) to,used to,be accustomed to
Finally,the students got used to my teaching method.
十:表示起因和原由,如wing to,due to,thanks to,attribute to,come down to
The flight was cancelled due to the thick fog.
The famous artist attributed his success to his wife.
十一:表示目的或结果,如:aim to,lead to,give rise to
I aim to be an excellent college teacher.
His conceit lead to his failure.
These bad condition has given rise to a lot of crises
十二:表示命运,注定,如:be doomed to,be destined to,
All military adventures by the two super powers are doomed to fail.
十三:表示数量上的积累或增加,如:in addition to,add to,amount to
In addition to relief supplies,he also presented with some money.
The annual output of steel amounts to 1200 tons.
十四:表示全身心投入的含义,如:be addicted to,contribute to,devote to,commit to
He is determined to devote all his life to his.
十五:表示展望或是回顾,如:look forward to反date back to
The church dates back to the 13th century.
十六:表示方位概念.如:close to,next to
I don’t like wool next to my skin.
十七:表示依靠或借助,如:resort to,turn to,appeal to,
He usually appeals to arms to settle the territory dispute.
十八:表示有关注,关于:as to,with regard to
十九:表示关注或重视,如:pay attention to,attach to,
We should attach primary importance to job training.
二十:表示依据或是根据,如:according to,in proportion to
According to today’s newspaper,the match will be postponed.
The lending countries subscribe towards capital stock in proportion to their economic importance.
二十一:表示应该或必须含义的句式,如:
It’s time to get up.
We are supposed to get here at seven.
It’s up to this country to ban nuclear weapons.
二十二：表示相关联，相连接，如：be related to,be relative to,in relation to,be relevant to,link to
Investigate all the facts related to the problem.
People often linked walth to happiness.
二十三：表示反对和赞同。
1：to引导的表示反对，抗拒，对抗意义的词组。Be opposed to,be oppsist to,be contrary to,be adverse to,be resistant to,be contradictory to,object to,oppose to,deny tp,be aline to These buildings are resistant to earthquake.
They are to tally opposed to any changes being made in the plans.
2:to引导的表示同意，赞同意义的词组：consent to,subseribe to,
The employer consented to give him a salary raise.表示调整，使符合，使适应的含义，如：adapt to,commodate to,adjust to,conform to,habituate to,fit to,suit to,correspond to,cater to
She tried to habituate herself to the style of plain living.
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