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2013年考研

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2013年考研 第一篇_2013年考研政治真题及答案解析

2013年考研政治真题及答案解析 单选:

马原单选

1. 有一副对联,上联是“桔子洲,洲旁舟,舟行洲不行”,下联是“天心阁,阁中鸽,鸽飞阁不飞。”这形象地说明了运动和静止是相互联系的。静止是( )

A. 运动的普遍状态 B. 运动的内在原因

C. 运动的衡量尺度 D. 运动的存在方式

【答案】C。

【解析】本题考点:运动和静止的联系。

运动和静止是相互统一的关系。第一,运动和静止互为前提,相互依赖。相对静止离不开绝对运动,是一定范围内的绝对运动的结果;绝对运动通过相对静止表现出来,并且通过相对静止找到它的量度。离开相对静止来谈运动,运动也就无从获得自己的规定和衡量自己的尺度。任何事物相对静止的状况都是它过去的运动所造成的,并且是它将来运动的出发点。因为物质的多样性和事物的某种状态只有在相对静止中才体现出来,只有了解了事物的相对静止的状况,才能清楚地了解它过去的运动,预测它将来可能发生的变化,才能区别千差万别的具体事物,并对其进行研究。。第二,运动和静止相互渗透、相互包含。在绝对运动中有相对静止,在相对静止中又有绝对运动。任何事物都是绝对运动和相对静止的辩证统一。

2. 一位机械工程专家讲过这样一件事:“文革”中,他在某地劳动,有一天公社派他去割羊草。他没养过羊,怎么认得羊草呢?但终于一个办法出来了。他把羊牵出去,看羊吃什么就割什么。不到半天就割回了羊草。这位专家之所以这样做是因为他认识到,“羊吃草”与“割羊草”两者之间存在着( )

A. 因果联系 B. 必然联系

C. 主观联系 D. 本质联系

【答案】D

【解析】本题考点:联系。

该题是考查唯物辩证法的联系观。“羊吃草”与“割羊草”之间的关系不是因果联系,因为“羊吃草”不必然引起“割羊草”,AB错误;C选项表述错误,联系是客观的;看羊吃什么就割什么,这体现的就是本质联系,D为正确答案。

3. 《资本论》中有这样的表述:“对上衣来说,无论是裁缝自己穿还是他的顾客穿,都是一样的。”这主要是因为无论谁穿( )

A. 上衣都是抽象劳动的结果 B. 上衣都起着价值的作用

C. 上衣都起着使用价值的作用 D. 上衣都是社会劳动的结果

【答案】C

【解析】本题考点:商品二因素。

该题是考查政治经济学中的商品二因素。使用价值是商品的自然属性,是一切劳动产品共有的属性,因此无论是裁缝自己穿(只作为劳动产品)还是顾客穿(作为商品),上衣的使用价值对于二者都是一样的,C为正确答案。

4. 某资本家投资100万元,每次投资所获得的利润为25万元,假定其资本有机构成为4:1,那么该资本家每次投资所实现的剩余价值率为( )

A. 100% B. 75% C. 50% D.125%

【答案】D

【解析】本题考点:剩余价值率。

该题是考查政治经济学中的剩余价值率。剩余价值率m’=m ,利润与剩余价值在量上是一样的,都是25万元,资本有机构成为c:v=4:1,全部预付资本c+v为100万元,所以可变资本v为20万元,因此剩余价值率m’=25/20=125%,D为正确答案。

毛中特单选

5、当今世界是开放的世界,中国的发展离不开世界,实行对外开放是我国的一项基本国策。坚持这一基本国策的立足点是

A相互借鉴,求同存异 B多元平衡,共同发展、

C内外联动,互惠互利 D独立自主,自力更生

答案:D

考点:对外开放与独立自主、自力更生的关系。

解析:

实行对外开放要处理好对外开放与独立自主、自力更生的关系。我们始终要把独立自主、自力更生作为立足点,这是我国革命、建设和改革开放的基本经验和重要原则。

6、公益性文化事业是保障公民基本文化权益的重要途径,大力发展公益性文化事业,始终坚持放在首位的是

A繁荣文化市场 B经济效益

C社会效益 D创新文化体制

答案:C

考点:深化文化体制改革之公益性文化事业

解析:

公益性文化事业是保障人民基本文化权益的主要途径,是政府主导的公共服务文化体系。公益性文化事业的根本任务是为人民群众提供基本的公共文化服务,满足人民基本文化需求是社会主义文化建设的根本任务。坚持把社会效益放在首位,社会效益和经济效益相统一。

7、近年来,为了缩小我国居民在收入分配方面存在的差距,党和政府做出了巨大努力,如提高个税起征点、提高企业退休人员基本养老金、提高国家扶贫标准和城乡低保补助水平等,这些举措体现了

A劳动报酬在初次分配中比重提高 B再分配更加注重公平

C初次分配注重效率 D各种生产要素 参与分配

答案:B

考点:注重社会公平 防止两极分化

解析:

实现社会公平正义是中国特色社会主义的内在要求,处理好效率和公平的关系是中国特色社会主义的重大课题。千方百计增加居民收入。实现发展成果由人民共享,必须深化收入分配制度改革,努力实现居民收入增长和经济发展同步、劳动报酬增长和劳动生产率提高同步,提高居民收入在国民收入分配中的比重,提高劳动报酬在初次分配中的比重。初次分配和再分配都要兼顾效率和公平,再分配更加注重公平。

(文都教育提供)

一、单项选择题:1~16小题,每小题1分,共16分。下列每题给出的四个选项中,只有一个选项是符合题目要求的。请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑。

1.有一幅对联,上联“桔子洲,洲旁舟,舟行洲不行,”下联“天心阁,阁中鸽,鸽飞阁不飞。”这形象的说明了运动和静止是相互依存的静止是:

A.运动的衡量尺度

B.运动的内在原因

C.运动的普遍状态

D.运动的存在方式

【答案】C

【解析】运动和静止是相互统一的关系。第一,运动和静止互为前提,相互依赖。相对静止离不开绝对运动,是一定范围内的绝对运动的结果;绝对运动通过相对静止表现出来,并且通过相对静止找到它的量度。离开相对静止来谈运动,运动也就无从获得自己的规定和衡量自己的尺度。任何事物相对静止的状况都是它过去的运动所造成的,并且是它将来运动的出发点。因为物质的多样性和事物的某种状态只有在相对静止中才体现出来,只有了解了事物的相对静止的状况,才能清楚地了解它过去的运动,预测它将来可能发生的变化,才能区别千差万别的具体事物,并对其进行研究。第二,运动和静止相互渗透、相互包含。在绝对运动中有相对静止,在相对静止中又有绝对运动。任何事物都是绝对运动和相对静止的辩证统一。

2.一位机械工程专家讲过这样一件事:“文革”中,他在农场劳动,有一天领导要他去割羊草,他没养过羊,怎么认得羊草呢?但脑子一转办法就来了,他把羊都赶去看羊吃什么就割什么。不到半天就割回了羊草。这位专家之所以这样做是因为他意识到“羊吃草”与“割羊草”两者之间存在:

A.主观联系

B.必然联系

C.因果联系

D.本质联系

【答案】D

【解析】本题是考查唯物辩证法的联系观。"羊吃草"与"割羊草"之间的关系不是因果联系,因为"羊吃草"不必然引起"割羊草",AB错误;C选项表述错误,联系是客观的;看羊吃什么就割什么,这体现的就是本质联系,D为正确答案。

3.《资本论》中有这样的表述“对上衣来说,无论是裁缝自己穿还是他的顾客穿,都是一样的”,这样只有因为无论谁穿:

A.上衣都起到着使用价值的作用

B.上衣都起到着价值的作用

C.上衣都是抽象劳动的结果

D.上衣都是社会劳动的结果

【答案】C

【解析】本题是考查政治经济学中的商品二因素。使用价值是商品的自然属性,是一切劳动产品共有的属性,因此无论是裁缝自己穿(只作为劳动产品)还是顾客穿(作为商品),上衣的使用价值对于二者都是一样的,C为正确答案。

4.某资本家投资100万元,每次投资所得的利润是15万元,假定其预付资本的有机构成是4:1,那么该资本家每次投资所实现的剩余价值率为:

A.15%

B.75%

C.100%

D.125%

【答案】D

【解析】本题是考查政治经济学中的剩余价值率。剩余价值率m’=m/v,利润与剩余价值在量上是一样的,都是25万元,资本有机构成为c:v=4:1,全部预付资本c+v为100万元,所以可变资本v为20万元,因此剩余价值率m’=25/20=125%,D为正确答案。

5.当今世界是开放的世界,中国的发展离不开世界,实行对外开放是我国的一项基本国策,坚持这一国策的基本立足点是:

A.内外联动,互惠互利

B.多放平衡,共同发展

C.相互借鉴,求同存异

D.独立自主,自力更生

【答案】D

【解析】实行对外开放要处理好对外开放与独立自主、自力更生的关系。我们始终要把独立自主、自力更生作为立足点,这是我国革命、建设和改革开放的基本经验和重要原则。

6.公益性文化事业是保障公民基本文化权益的重要途径,大力发展公益文化事业始终坚持放到首位的是:

2013年考研 第二篇_2013考研数三真题及解析

Born to

win

2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试

数学三试题

一、选择题:1~8小题,每小题4分,共32分,下列每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项符合题目要求的,请将所选项前的字母填在答题纸指定位置上. ...

(1)当x0时,用o(x)表示比x高阶的无穷小,则下列式子中错误的是( ) (A)xo(x)o(x) (B)o(x)o(x)o(x) (C)o(x)o(x)o(x) (D)o(x)o(x)o(x)

2

2

2

2

2

2

3

23

|x|x1(2)函数f(x)的可去间断点的个数为( )

x(x1)ln|x|

(A)0 (B)1 (C)2 (D)3

(3)设Dk是圆域D{(x,y)|xy1}位于第k象限的部分,记Ik则( ) (A)I10 (B)I20 (C)I30 (D)I40

(4)设{an}为正项数列,下列选项正确的是( ) (A)若anan1,则

2

2

(yx)dxdyk1,2,3,4,

Dk

(1)

n1

n1

an收敛

(B)若

(1)

n1

n1

an收敛,则anan1

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精勤求学 自强不息

Born to win!

(C)若

a

n1【2013年考研】

n

P

收敛,则存在常数P1,使limnan存在

n

(D)若存在常数P1,使limnan存在,则

n

P

a

n1

n

收敛

(5)设矩阵A,B,C均为n阶矩阵,若ABC,则B可逆,则 (A)矩阵C的行向量组与矩阵A的行向量组等价 (B)矩阵C的列向量组与矩阵A的列向量组等价 (C)矩阵C的行向量组与矩阵B的行向量组等价 (D)矩阵C的行向量组与矩阵B的列向量组等价

1a1200

(6)矩阵aba与0b0相似的充分必要条件为

1a1000

(A)a0,b2 (B)a0,b为任意常数 (C)a2,b0

(D)a2,b为任意常数

(7)设X1,X2,X3是随机变量,且X1~N(0,1),X2~N(0,2),X3~N(5,3),

2

2

PjP{2Xj2}(j1,2,3),则( )

(A)P1P2P3 (B)P2P1P3 (C)P3P1P2 (D)P1P3P2

(8)设随机变量X

Y相互独立,则X和Y的概率分布分别为,

则P{XY2} ( )

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2155

Born to

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1 121(B)

【2013年考研】

81(C)

61(D)

2

(A)

二、填空题:914小题,每小题4分,共24分,请将答案写在答题纸指定位置上. ...(9)设曲线yf(x)和yxx在点(0,1)处有公共的切线,则limnf

n

2

n

________。 n2

(10)设函数zz(x,y)由方程(zy)xy确定,则(11)求

x

z

x

(1,2)

________。



1

lnx

________。

(1x)2

(12)微分方程yy

1

y0通解为y________。 4

(13)设A(aij)是三阶非零矩阵,|A|为A的行列式,Aij为aij的代数余子式,若

aijAij0(i,j1,2,3),则A____

(14)设随机变量X服从标准正态分布X~N(0,1),则E(Xe

2X

)= ________。

三、解答题:15—23小题,共94分.请将解答写在答题纸指定位置上.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或...演算步骤.

(15)(本题满分10分)

当x0时,1cosxcos2xcos3x与ax为等价无穷小,求n与a的值。 (16)(本题满分10分) 设D是由曲线yx

1

3,直线

n

xa(a0)及x轴所围成的平面图形,Vx,Vy分别是D绕x轴,y轴旋转一

周所得旋转体的体积,若Vy10Vx,求a的值。 (17)(本题满分10分)

设平面内区域D由直线x3y,y3x及xy8围成.计算(18)(本题满分10分)

设生产某产品的固定成本为6000元,可变成本为20元/件,价格函数为P60元,Q是销量,单位:件),已知产销平衡,求: (1)该商品的边际利润。

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2xdxdy。 D

Q

,(P是单价,单位:1000

精勤求学 自强不息

(2)当P=50时的边际利润,并解释其经济意义。 (3)使得利润最大的定价P。 (19)(本题满分10分)

设函数f(x)在[0,]上可导,f(0)0且limf(x)2,证明

x

Born to win!

(1)存在a0,使得f(a)1

(2)对(1)中的a,存在(0,a),使得f'()(20)(本题满分11分) 设A

1

. a

1a01

,B,当a,b为何值时,存在矩阵C使得ACCAB,并求所有矩阵C。 101b

(21)(本题满分11分)

a1b1

22

设二次型fx1,x2,x32a1x1a2x2a3x3b1x1b2x2b3x3,记a2,b2。

ab33

(I)证明二次型f对应的矩阵为2;

2

(II)若,正交且均为单位向量,证明二次型f在正交变化下的标准形为二次型2y12y2。

TT

(22)(本题满分11分)

3x2,0x1,

Xx0x1的设X,Y是二维随机变量,X的边缘概率密度为fXx,在给定其他.0,

条件下,Y的条件概率密度fYX

3y2

3,0yx,yxx

0,其他.

(1) 求X,Y的概率密度fx,y; (2) Y的边缘概率密度fYy. (23)(本题满分11分)

2

3ex,x0,

XN为来自总体设总体X的概率密度为fxx其中为未知参数且大于零,X1,X2,

0,其它.

X的简单随机样本.

(1)求的矩估计量;

(2)求的最大似然估计量.

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2155

Born to

win

2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试

数学三试题答案

一、选择题:1~8小题,每小题4分,共32分,下列每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项符合题目要求的,请将所选项前的字母填在答题纸指定位置上. ...

(1)当x0时,用o(x)表示比x高阶的无穷小,则下列式子中错误的是( ) (A)xo(x)o(x) (B)o(x)o(x)o(x) (C)o(x)o(x)o(x) (D)o(x)o(x)o(x) 【答案】D

【解析】o(x)o(x)o(x),故D错误。

22

2

2

2

2

2

3

23

|x|x1(2)函数f(x)的可去间断点的个数为( )

x(x1)ln|x|

(A)0 (B)1 (C)2 (D)3 【答案】C

【解析】由题意可知f(x)的间断点为0,1。又

xx1exlnx1xlnx

limf(x)limlimlim1 x0x0x(x1)lnxx0x(x1)lnxx0x(x1)lnx(x)x1exln(x)1xln(x)limf(x)limlimlim1 x0x0x(x1)ln(x)x0x(x1)ln(x)x0x(x1)ln(x)xx1exlnx1xlnx1limf(x)limlimlim x1x1x(x1)lnxx1x(x1)lnxx1x(x1)lnx2

(x)x1exln(x)1xln(x)limf(x)limlimlim x1x1x(x1)ln(x)x1x(x1)ln(x)x1x(x1)ln(x)

故f(x)的可去间断点有2个。

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2013年考研 第三篇_2013年考研英语一真题答案及详解

Section I Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability information they were working with. of apperaring too

or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day。

To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an

He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews 12 by 31 admissions officers. The

numerous factors into points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her。

Dr. Simonsoho found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees that, then the score for the next applicant the effects of such 。

1. [A] grants [B]submits [C]transmits [D]delivers

2. [A] minor [B]objective [C]crucial [D] external

3. [A] issue [B]vision [C]picture [D]external

4. [A] For example [B] On average [C]In principle [D]Above all

5. [A] fond [B] fearful [C]capable [D] thoughtless

6. [A] in [B] on [C] to [D] for

7. [A] if [B] until [C] though [D] unless

8. [A] promote [B] emphasize [C] share [D]success

9. [A] decision [B] quality [C] status [D] success

10. [A] chosen [B] studied [C] found [D] identified

11. [A] exceptional [B] defensible [C] replaceable [D] otherwise

12. [A] inspired [B] expressed [C] conducted [D] secured

13. [A] assigned [B] rated [C] matched [D] arranged

14. [A] put [B] got [C] gave [D] took

15. [A] instead [B] then [C] ever [D] rather

16. [A] selected [B] passed [C] marked [D] introduced

17. [A] before [B] after [C] above [D] below

18. [A] jump [B] float [C] drop [D] fluctuate

19. [A] achieve [B] undo [C] maintain [D] disregard

20. [A] promising [B] possible [C] necessary [D] helpful

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or

D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)

Text 1

In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada ,Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn‘t affect her, Priestly

explains how the deep blue color of the assistant‘s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment。

This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn‘t be more out of date or at odds with the feverish would described in Overdressed, Eliazabeth Cline‘s three―fast fashion‖. In the last decade or so ,advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara ,H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more【2013年考研】

precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent release, and more profit.

These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable-meant to last only a wash or two, although they don‘t advertise that –and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace。

The victims of this revolution , of course ,are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-pius stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage

overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals。

Overdressed is the fashion world‘s answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan‘s The Omnivore‘s Dilemma. ―Mass-produced clothing ,like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable and wasteful,‖ Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year – about 64 items per person – and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste。

Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 2008 has made all of her own clothes – and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example can‘t be knocked off。 Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment – including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line –Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can‘t afford not to。

21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her

[A] poor bargaining skill。

[B] insensitivity to fashion。

[C] obsession with high fashion。

[D] lack of imagination。

22. According to Cline, mass-maket labels urge consumers to

[A] combat unnecessary waste。

[B] shut out the feverish fashion world。

[C] resist the influence of advertisements。

[D] shop for their garments more frequently。

23. The word ―indictment‖ (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to

[A] accusation。

[B] enthusiasm。

【2013年考研】

[C] indifference。

[D] tolerance。

24. Which of the following can be inferred from the lase paragraph?

[A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists。

[B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability。

[C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments。

[D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing。

25. What is the subject of the text?

[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle。

[B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth。

[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry。

[D] Exposure of a mass-market secret。

Text 2

An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half . In the internet age, at least in theory ,this fraction can be much reduced . By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim ―behavioural‖ ads at those most likely to buy。

In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such

fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?

In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Cornmission (FTC) proposed adding a "do not track "(DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell adwertisers that they did not want to be followed .Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT ;Google's Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digltal Adwertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responging to DNT requests。

On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10,the version due to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default。

It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Geting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether

someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft‘s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway。

Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. Atter all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other

products favourably with Google's on that count before. Brendon Lynch, Microsoft's chief privacy officer, bloggde:"we believe consumers should have more control." Could it really be that simple?

26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that ―behavioural‖ ads help advertisers to:

[A] ease competition among themselves

[B] lower their operational costs

[C] avoid complaints from consumers

[D] provide better online services

27. ―The industry‖ (Line 6,Para.3) refers to:

[A] online advertisers

[B] e-commerce conductors

[C] digital information analysis

[D] internet browser developers

28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default

[A] many cut the number of junk ads

[B] fails to affect the ad industry

[C] will not benefit consumers

[D] goes against human nature

29. which of the following is ture according to Paragraph.6?

2013年考研 第四篇_2013年考研数三真题及答案解析(完整版)

2013年考研数三真题及答案解析

一、选择题 1—8小题.每小题4分,共32分.、

1.当x0时,用o(x)表示比x高阶的无穷小,则下列式子中错误的是( )

(A)xo(x2)o(x3) (B)o(x)o(x2)o(x3) (C)o(x2)o(x2)o(x2) (D)o(x)o(x2)o(x2)

【详解】由高阶无穷小的定义可知(A)(B)(C)都是正确的,对于(D)可找出反例,例如当x0时f(x)x2x3o(x),g(x)x3o(x2),但f(x)g(x)o(x)而不是

o(x2)故应该选(D).

2.函数f(x)

x1x(x1)lnx

x

的可去间断点的个数为( )

(A)0 (B)1 (C)2 (D)3 【详解】当xlnx0时,x1e

x

xlnx

1~xlnx,

limf(x)lim

x0

x0

x1x(x1)lnxx1x(x1)lnx

x1x(x1)lnx

xx

x

lim

x0

xlnxxlnxxlnx

1,所以x0是函数f(x)的可去间断点.

1

,所以x1是函数f(x)的可去间断点. 2

,所以所以x1不是函数f(x)的

limf(x)lim

x1

x1

lim

x0

2xlnx

x1

limf(x)lim

x1

lim

xlnx(x1)lnx

x1

可去间断点.

故应该选(C).

22

3.设Dk是圆域D(x,y)|xy1的第k象限的部分,记Ik



(yx)dxdy,则

Dk

( )

(A)I10 (B)I20 (C)I30 (D)I40 【详解】由极坐标系下二重积分的计算可知

12

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