【www.gbppp.com--阅读题】
职称英语必过经验之谈
1、试题概况及答题顺序
1.1、必杀技：见下表中“答题顺序”：
1.2、详解
1.2.1、词汇、阅读理解、完型填空所占分值最高（合计高达75分），放到前
面来做，避免万一时间不够，可以确保先抓住大部分分数。
1.2.2、词汇、阅读理解、完型填空都是部分来自教材，放到前面来做，记忆比较深刻，答题成功率较高。
1.2.3、阅读判断放到最后，是因为本题根据经验蒙答案（具体方法后面详述）成功率可拿到全部7分中的3分，这样可以腾出时间给需要查词典即可稳拿分数的词汇题，所以阅读判断的答题时间只有1分钟。
2、词汇（1分/题*15=15分）
2.1、必杀技：
2.1.1、准备一本正式出版的英语同义词词典，推荐牛津出版社出版，外研社翻译出版的《牛津英语同义词词典》。
2.1.2、教材练习不用做，把答案勾画出来，只需记住其中题目划线部分或者答案是词组的，其余不用看。
2.1.3、考试时看到有教材中的词组题则直接答上，其余的查词典。
2.2、详解：
2.2.1、职称英语考试允许带一本正式出版的，并非针对职称英语考试而编写的词典。而本题考核内容就是同义词（词组），显然使用同义词典效率更高。
2.2.2、词组记忆相对容易而查词典找同义词组相对较困难，又因试题来自教材练习4-9题，所以必须记住教材中的词组题。教材词汇练习一共100题，其中有词组的也就20个左右，记住绝对没有困难；
2.2.3、因职称英语词汇数量有限，直接查同义词词典，一般前三个义项就会有答案。
3、阅读理解（3分/题*15题=45分）
3.1、必杀技：
3.1.1、熟记教材文章练习题的正确答案，重点掌握去年教材上没有的新增文
章，考试时先找教材上的文章，做出来。
3.1.2、其他文章，先作考试题目中有人名、地名、国家名、数字、年代等专有名词的题。
3.1.3、勾画出考试题目中的关键词（一般是名词，不必认识它也不必查词典），然后到文章中找一样的关键词定位。
3.1.4、定位关键词后，对比文章中关键词附近的词或词组，与答案选项中词或者词组重合的最多的即为正确答案。（就像玩拼图游戏，考察你的眼力！ˇˍˇ）
3.1.5、如果你无法定位关键词，则：
3.1.5.1、如有选项为“以上X项皆是”，即为正确答案，
3.1.5.2、看四个答案选项中有无大部分相似的。如有，若意思完全相反的其中一个必是答案；若意思并非相反的则较长选项为答案，如没有大部分相似的，则最长的选项为答案。
3.1.6、如果考试题目是针对文章中的某个单词的意思，那么就相当于是一个词汇题，则同义词词典又派上用场了！
3.1.7如果考试题目是问文章主旨（如作者的观点，替换文章标题等）的，则需要细读文章题目，每段第一句和文章最后一句，并大致搞清意思。然后选择意思最接近的一项答案。
3.2、详解：
3.2.1、考题共3篇文章，其中1篇（5个题占15分）来自教材。根据历年经验，教材新增文章作为考题的概率较大。所以熟记教材上所有文章（以教材新增文章为重点）的练习题答案，即可保证稳拿15分！注意：因为考试会把ABCD4个答案选项次序打乱，所以不要只记正确答案的ABCD编号，而要记住正确答案的内容，这就需要弄清楚正确答案之所以正确的原因，或者牢记正确答案的特点，确保考试时一眼即可认出。
3.2.2、专有名词比较显眼，作为关键词更容易定位，也就更容易做出来。
3.2.3、一般考试题目的顺序与文章段落的顺序大体一致，定位关键词不是难事，这就象让我在人群中找出一个陌生人很难，但是让我拿着他的照片去找就容易多了。
3.2.4、正确答案必定与问题有关，答案中的词或者词组必定出现在文中关键词的附近！
3.2.5、根据经验，这是答对概率最大的选择。
3.2.6、注意：与第一大题的词汇题（每题占1分）不同，阅读理解中的词汇题有可能是多义词（每题占3分），查词典的时候一定要仔细，必要时每个答案选项都要查一遍，确保选出正确答案。
3.2.7不需要阅读试题全文，只需要细读文章题目、每段第一句和文章最后一句，文章主旨就在其中！
●山人提示：阅读理解每题占3分，总分高达45分，是重点中的重点！不要怕费时间，坚决按照上述方法答题，务必仔细，保证成功率。
4、完型填空（1分/题*15题=15分）
4.1、必杀技：
4.2、详解：
●山人提示：以上三个大题是重点，依照上述秘籍做完，应能拿到少则50分左右，多则60分以上，则大局基本已完！
5、概括大意、完成句子（1分/题*8题=8分）
5.1、必杀技：
5.1.1、概括大意（4题）：先看考题要求概括哪4个段落的大意，然后分别细读该4个段落的第一句和最后一句，然后与各个选项对比，选项中大部分词或者词组与段落的第一句或最后一句中的词或者词组重合得最多的即为争取答案。
5.1.2、完成句子（4题）：先勾画出每个考试题目中的关键词，然后回到文章中定位（具体方法参考3.1.3和3.1.4项），最后把文章中关键词附近的词和词组与各个答案选项对比，词和词组重合最多的即为正确答案。
5.2、详解：
5.2.1、概括大意其实就是找文章各段落主题句，而段落主题句往往就是该段落的第一句和最后一句。
5.2.2、完成句子其实就是告诉你一句话得一部分让你找另一部分。利用定位关键词找到了这句话在文章中的位置，则确定另一部分就不难了。
6、补全短文（2分/题*5题=10分）
6.1、必杀技：
6.1.1、先看文章中各个空格在文中所处的位置，如果在一句话得开头（即空格前面是句号），则正确答案的开头字母肯定是大写！反之肯定是小写。这样对比各个答案选项的开头字母可以缩小选择的范围。
6.1.2、先勾画出每个答案选项中的关键词，然后回到文章中定位（具体方法请参考3.1.3和3.1.4项），找出文章中关键词附近的空格。把空格附近词和词组与各个答案选项相对比，词和词组重合最多的即为正确答案。
6.2、详解：
6.2.1、简单的语法常识可以用来缩小选择的范围，是事半功倍的利器！
6.2.2、补全短文其实就是告诉你一句话让你确定这句话在文中所在的位置，利用定位关键词的方法找到这句话在文章中的位置即可。
●山人提示：和阅读理解一样，概括大意、完成句子及补全短文也都很象是拼图游戏哦ˇˍˇ ，看来职称英语考试考的根本不是英文能力和记忆能力，而是眼力和对比观察能力！长期参加还可以达到益智的作用哦~~讽刺吧吼吼~~
7、阅读判断（1分/题*7题=7分）
2016年职称英语理工教材----新增文章 1 Common Questions about Dreams
Does everyone dream?
Yes. Research shows that we all dream. We have our most vivid dreams during a type of sleep called Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep. During REM sleep, the brain is very active. The eyes move quickly back and forth under the lids, and the large muscles of the body are relaxed. REM sleep occurs every 90-100 minutes, three to four times a night, and it lasts longer as the night goes on. ___1___ We dream at other times during the night, too, but those dreams are less vivid.
Do people remember their dreams?
A few people remember their dreams. However, most people forget nearly everything that happened during the night —dreams, thoughts, and the short periods of time when they were awake. ___2___ It seems that the memory of the dream is not totally lost, but for some reason it is very hard to bring it back. If you want to remember your dream，the best thing to do is to write it down as soon as you wake up.
Are dreams in color?
Most dreams are in color. However, people may not be aware of it for two reasons ：They don’t usually remember the details of their dreams, or they don’t notice the color because it is such a natural part of our lives. ___3___ Do dreams have meaning?
Scientists continue to debate this issue. ___4___ Some people use dreams to help them learn more about their feelings, thoughts, behavior, motives, and values. Others find that dreams can help them solve problems. It’s also true that artists, writers, and scientists often get creative ideas from dreams.
How can I learn to understand my dreams?
The most important thing to remember is that your dreams are personal. The people, actions, and situations in your dreams reflect your experience, your thoughts, and your feelings. Some dream experts believe that there are certain types of dreams that many people have，even if they come from different cultures or time periods. Usually, however, the same dream will have different meanings for different people. For example, an elephant in a dream may mean one thing to a zookeeper and something very different to a child whose favorite toy is a stuffed elephant. ___5___ Then look for links between your dreams and what is happening in
your daily life. If you think hard and you are patient, perhaps the meaning of your dreams will become clearer to you.
词汇：
vivid /'vivid/ adj. 清晰的，生动的，逼真的 lid /lid/ n. 眼睑（=eyelid) motive /məutiv/ n. 动机
stuffed /stʌft/ adj. 填充的，塞满了的 注释：
1. back and forth：来回地，反复地。
2. bring it back：回忆起它来。bring back：使回忆起来，带回来、拿回来，使恢复。
3. Scientists continue to debate this issue. 科学家们不断地讨论这个问题。“debate”作动词“争论，辩论，讨论”讲，既可以是不及物动词也可以是及物动词，作不及物动词时常与“about/ on/upon” 搭配。
练习：
A However, people who spend time thinking about their dreams believe that they are meaningful and useful. B The final REM period may last as long as 45 minutes. C People who are very aware of color when they are awake probably notice color more often in their dreams. D Our most powerful dreams don’t happen during deep sleep.
E To learn to understand your dreams, think about what each part of the dream means to you or reminds you of. F Sometimes, though, people suddenly remember a dream later in the day or on another day.【职称英语教材】
参考译文：
关于梦的常见问题 每个人都会做梦吗？ 是的。研究表明我们都会做梦。在一种叫作快速眼动（REM）的睡眠期里，我们会有最清晰生动的梦。在这种睡眠期里，大脑非常活跃，眼睛在眼睑下面来来回回地快速移动，而且身体的大肌肉会得到放松。快速眼动睡眠期每隔90~100分钟会出现一次，一晚会出现3~4次，而且随着入夜渐深，每次持续的时间也会变长。最后一次快速眼动睡眠期可能会持续长达45分钟。我们在夜晚的其他时间段也会做梦，但是那些梦没有快速眼动睡眠期里的梦清晰生动。
人们会记得他们的梦吗？
一些人会记得他们的梦。然而，大多数人会忘记晚上所发生的几乎所有的事——梦、思想以及他们醒着时的短暂时
光。但是，有时人们会在当天晚些时候或改天突然想起他们的梦。他们对梦的记忆好像并没有完全消失，但出于某种原因却很难回忆起来。如果你想记住自己的梦，最好的办法是一醒来就把它写下来。 梦是彩色的吗？
大多数梦是彩色的。然而，人们可能不会意识到这一点。这是基于两方面的原因：人们通常不会记住梦的细节，或者因为颜色是我们生活中的自然组成部分，所以不会注意到。那些在醒着的时候意识到颜色的人可能会更经常注意到梦的颜色。 梦有意义吗？
科学家们不停地讨论这个问题。然而，那些花时间思考他们梦的人相信梦是有意义的、有用的。有些人借助梦更多地了解自己的情感、思想、行为、动机和价值观。其他人发现梦可以帮助自己解决问题。艺术家、作家和科学家也确实经常从梦中获得创作的灵感。 我如何学会理解自己的梦？
要记得最重要的一点就是梦是个人的。梦里的人、行为以及情景都能反映你的经历、思想以及情感。有些梦境专家认为某些类型的梦是很多人都有的，即使他们来自不同的文化或时期。
然而，通常对于不同的人，同一个梦会有不同的意义。比如，做梦梦到大象对于一个动物园管理员来说意味着一回事，而对于一个最喜欢大象毛绒玩具的小孩来说就意味着截然不同的事。为了学会理解自己的梦，首先要思考一下梦的每一部分对你意味着什么或者让你想起了什么。然后寻找梦与日常生活中所发生事情的联系。如果你认真思考而且有耐心，或许你会更清晰地理解梦的意义。
新增文章2 Baby Talk
Babies normally start to talk when they are 13 to 15 months old. Ryan Jones is only eight months old, but he is already “talking” with his parents. When lie is hungry, he opens and closes his hand. This means milk. He also knows the signs for his favorite toy and the word more.
Ryan is not deaf, and his parents are not deaf, but his mother and father are teaching him to sign. They say a word and make a sign at the same time. They repeat this again and again. When ___1___ Ryan’s parents think that he will be a happier baby because he can communicate with them. Ryan s parents are teaching Ryan to sign because of a man named Joseph Garcia. Although Garcia was not from a deaf family, he decided to learn American Sign Language (ASL). First, he took courses in ASL. Then he got a job helping deaf
people communicate with hearing people. In his work, he saw many deaf parents sign to their infants. He noticed that these babies were able to communicate much earlier than hearing children. ___2___ When they were one year old, they could use as many as 50 signs.
Garcia decided to try something new. He taught ASL to parents who were not deaf. The families started to teach signs to their infants when they were six or seven months old. ___3___ More and more parents took Garcia’s ASL classes. Like Ryan’s family, they were excited about signing with their babies. They wanted to give their babies a way to communicate before they could use spoken words.
Some people worry about signing to babies. They are afraid that these babies won’t feel a need to talk. Maybe they will develop spoken language later than other babies. ___4___ In fact, one study found just the opposite. Signing babies actually learned to speak earlier than other children. As they grow older, these children are more interested in books. They also score higher on intelligence tests1.
There is still a big question for parents: Which are the best signs to teach their babies? Some parents make their own signs. Other parents want to teach ASL. ___5___ There’s no clear answer, but we do know this: All signing babies and their families are talking quite a lot!
词汇：
normally /'nɔ:m(ə)li/ adv. 正常地；通常地，一般地 infant /'infənt / n. 婴儿；幼儿；未成年人
communicate /kə'mju:nikeit/ 通信；交流；感染 opposite /'ɔpəzit/ adj. 相反的；n. 对立面，反义词 注释：
1. intelligence test：智力测试
练习：
A However, research does not show this. B All parents want to teach babies to sign.
C Ryan learns a new sign, his family is very excited.
D These babies started using signs about two months later. E It can be useful because many people understand it. F They talked with signs by the time they were eight months old.
参考译文： 婴儿语
婴儿通常在1 ~15个月的时候开始说话。Ryan Jones刚刚
8个月，但他已经开始和父母“说话”了。他饿的时候，就会把手一张一合，这个动作表示牛奶。他还懂得表示他最喜欢的玩具以及“更多”这个词。
Ryan不是聋哑人，他的父母也不是，但他们正在教他手语。他们在说话的同时做出相应的手语姿势，并不断重复。当Ryan学会一个新的手势时，家人都非常高兴。Ryan的父母认为，因为能和父母交流，Ryan会成为一个更快乐的婴儿。
Ryan的父母之所以教Ryan手语，是因为一名叫Joseph Garcia的人。Garcia也不是聋哑人，但他决定学习美国手语（ASL）。最开始的时候，他参加了一门相关课程的学习。之后，他得到了一份帮助聋哑人和正常人交流的工作，在工作中，他看到很多聋哑人父母用手语与他们的幼子交流。他注意到，这些孩子能比正常孩子更早地与他人交流。他们8个月大的时候就能通过手语进行交流，而到了1岁的时候，他们能使用多达50种手势。 Garcia决定进行一些新的尝试，他向非聋哑人父母教授美国手语。这些家庭在孩子六七个月的时候就教孩子手语，而孩子们在大约两个月之后就开始使用这些手语了。越来越多的父母前去参加的美国手语课程。和Ryan的家人一样，他们对于能和孩子通过手语交流感到非常兴奋。他们想让孩子在会说话之前学会一种交流的方式。 有些人对此很担忧，他们担心这些小孩会觉得开口说话没有必要，这样他们的语言能力发展可能比其他孩子慢。然而，研究表明，事实并非如此。实际上，有一项研究发现，事实正好相反，掌握手语的孩子实际上比其他孩子更早开口说话。随着年龄的增长，他们对阅读的兴趣更强，在智力测试中获得的分数更高。
对于父母来说，还有一个大问题：哪种手语对孩子来说是最好的？有的父母使用自己创造的手势，还有些父母使用美国手语，这种手语懂的人多，因此更有用。目前对于这个问题还没有明确的答案，但是我们确切地知道：会用手语的婴儿和他们的家人会“说”很多话！
新增文章3 The Apgar Test
The baby was born at 3:36 p. m. At 3:37, she scored 4 out of 10 on her first test. At 3:41, she scored 8 out of 10. The doctor was glad.
Another baby, born at 8:24 p. m., scored 3 out of 10 on his first test. He scored 4 out of 10 on his second test. He took another test at 8:34 and scored 5. ___1___ He called for help1.
These newborn babies took a test called the Apgar test. This test helps doctors diagnose problems. ___2___ Most babies
take two tests. The first is at 1 minute after birth, and the second is at 5 minutes after birth. If a baby’s score at5 minutes is less than 6, the baby takes another test at 10 minutes after birth.
The Apgar test is not an intelligence test. It’s a test that shows a baby’s health right after it is born. The Apgar test measures things such as a baby’s color, heart rate, and breathing. The test has five parts, and the score for each part can be 0, 1, or 2. ___3___A doctor named Virginia Apgar developed the test. Apgar went to medical school at Columbia University in New York City in 1929. She faced many challenges because she was the first woman in the program. However, she was one of the best students in her class. After medical school, she started treating patients2. Apgar also became a researcher in anesthesiology, a new topic in medicine at the time3. During her studies, she learned how to give patients anesthesia. ___4___
In the 1940s, many women started to have anesthesia when they gave birth. Apgar had a question: How does anesthesia affect newborn babies? In 1949, when Apgar was a professor at Columbia’s medical school, she created her simple test. She wrote a paper about her methods in 1953. Soon after, people started using the Apgar test around the world.
In her work, Apgar saw that many newborns had problems. She wanted to help these babies survive. She stopped practicing medicine in 1959, and she went back to school to get a master’s degree in public health. ___5___
Today, the Apgar test is still used all over the world. Newborn babies don’t know it, but Virginia Apgar is a very important person in the first few minutes of their lives.
词汇：
diagnose /'daiəgnəuz/ vt. & vi. 诊断（疾病） anesthesiology /,ænis,θizi’ɔlədʒi/ n. 麻醉学 anesthesia /,ænis'θiziə/ n. 麻醉 注释：
1. called for help：需要帮助，求救。call for：需要，要求，提倡；来找（某人），来取（某物）。
2. she started treating patients：她开始治疗病人。treat sb.有三种意思，分别是“对待某人”“
治疗某人”和“款待某人”。treat作“治疗”讲，是普通用语的治疗，意义广泛，cure多用于疾病方面，heal多用于创伤或外伤方面。
3. at the time：当时，在那时。同义短语有at that point, at
that time, on the occasion。
练习：
A Doctors add the scores together for the total Apgar score. B She spent the rest of her life doing research and raising money to help newborn babies. C A score of 10 is uncommon. D The doctor was worried.
E They decide if a baby is normal or needs special care.
F Anesthesia is a procedure that makes patients lose consciousness, so they do not feel any pain during surgery.
参考译文： 阿普加测试
下午3:36，一个婴儿出生了。3:37时，她的第一次健康测试成绩是4分（总分10分）。3:41时，她的成绩是8分，医生感到非常高兴。 另一天晚上8:24，另外一个婴儿出生了。他的第一次测试成绩是3分，第二次成绩是4分。8:34时又进行了一次测试，成绩是5分。医生非常担心，这个婴儿需要救助。 这些新生儿进行的是一项叫作阿普加的测试。这项测试帮助医生诊断新生儿的问题，他们根据测试成绩判断新生儿是正常的还是需要特殊护理。大多数的婴儿会接受两次测试。第一次是在出生后1分钟，第二次是在出生后5分钟。如果婴儿在第二次测试中的成绩少于6分，那他们需要在出生10分钟后再进行一次测试。阿普加测试不是一项智力测试。它是一项在婴儿出生后表明其健康状况的测试。这项测试会测量诸如婴儿的皮肤颜色、心率、呼吸一类的项目，总共包括五部分，每一部分的成绩可以是0分、1分或2分。医生把每一部分的成绩加起来就是这项测试的总分。
一位名叫弗吉尼亚·阿普加的医生设计了这项测试。1929年，阿普加去纽约的哥伦比亚大学医学院就读。由于是这个学科里的第一位女性，使她面临了许多挑战。然而，她却是班上最好的学生之一。完成医学院的学业后，她开始给患者治疗。
阿普加还是麻醉学方面的研究者，当时麻醉学是一项新的医学课题。在求学过程中，她学会了如何给患者实施麻醉。麻醉会使病人失去意识，因而他们在手术过程中不会感到任何疼痛。
20世纪40年代，许多妇女在分娩时开始使用麻醉。但阿普加有个疑问：麻醉是如何影响新生儿的呢？1949
年，当阿普加在哥伦比亚医学院担任教授时，她创造了这项简单测试。1953年，她写了一篇关于该测试方法的论文。不久之后，人们开始在世界范围内使用阿普加测试。
在工作中，阿普加发现许多新生儿都有健康问题。她想帮
助这些新生儿活下来。1959年，她中止了行医，回到学校攻读公共卫生硕士学位。她把自己的余生都奉献给了医学研究以及筹集资金帮助新生儿。
今天，阿普加测试仍然在全世界范围内被广泛运用。虽然新生儿们并不知道，但弗吉尼亚·阿普加却是他们生命的前几分钟里非常重要的一个人。
新增文章4 Ice Cream Taster Has Sweet Job
John Harrison has what must be the most wanted job in the United States. He’s the official taster for Edy’s Grand Ice Cream, one of the nation’s best-selling brands. Harrison’s taste buds are insured for $1 million. ___1___ And when he isn’t doing that, he travels, buying Edy’s in supermarkets all over
the country so that he can check for perfect appearance, texture, and flavor.
After I interviewed Harrison, I realized that the life of an ice cream taster isn’t all Cookies ’n Cream —a flavor that* he invented, by the way. No, it’s extremely hard work, which requires discipline and selflessness.
For one thing, he doesn’t swallow on the job. Like a coffee taster, Harrison spits. Using a gold spoon to avoid “off” flavors, he takes a small bite and moves it around in his mouth to introduce it to all 9,000 or so taste buds. ___2___ Then he breathes in gently to bring the aroma up through the back of his nose. Each step helps Harrison evaluate whether the ice cream has a good balance of dairy, sweetness, and added ingredients –the three-flavor components of ice cream. Then, even if the ice cream tastes heavenly, he puts it into a trash can. A full stomach makes it, impossible to judge the quality of the flavors.
During the workweek, Harrison told me that he has to make other sacrifices, too: no onions, garlic, or spicy food, and no caffeine. Caffeine will block the taste buds, he says, so his breakfast is a cup of herbal tea. ___3___
Harrison’s family has been in the ice cream business in one way or another1 for four generations, so Harrison has spent his entire life with it2. However, he has never lost his love for its cold, creamy sweetness. ___4___ On these
occasions3, he does swallow, and he eats about a quart (0.95 liters) each week. By comparison4, the average person in the United States eats 23.2 quarts (21. 96 liters) of ice cream and other frozen dairy products each year.
Edy’s ice cream is available in dozens of flavors. So what
flavor does the best-trained ice-cream taster in the country prefer? Vanilla! In fact, vanilla is the best-selling variety in the United States. ___5___ “It’s a very complex flavor,” Harrison says.
词汇：
taste bud 味蕾
texture /'tekstʃə/a/ n. 质地 aroma /ə'rəumə/ n. 芳香 vanilla /və'mlə/ n. 香草 注释：
1. in one way or another：以某种方式,用这样或那样的方式
2. has spent his entire life with it：为此他已付出一生。spend.…with sth.：花（时间等）在某事上 3. on these occasions：在这种场合下 4. by comparison：相比之下
练习：
A However, you should never call it plain vanilla.
B He even orders ice cream in restaurants for dessert.
C Next he smack-smack-smacks his lips to get some air into the sample.
D This is a small price to pay for what he calls the world’s best job.
E In his younger days, he would help out at the ice cream factory his uncle owned.
F He gets to sample 60 ice creams a day at Edy’s headquarters in Oakland, California.
参考译文：
冰淇淋品尝师一一一份甜蜜的职业 约翰·哈瑞森拥有一份可能是美国人最想要的工作。他是一名职业的冰淇淋品尝师，供职于美国最畅销的冰淇淋品牌之一Edy’s Grand Ice Cream。哈瑞森已经给味蕾投保了100万美元。他每天要在位于加州奥克兰的Edy’s总部尝试60种冰淇淋样品。休假时，他会去旅行，并且到全国各地的超市买来Edy’s产品，以便检査外观，质地和口味是否完美。
在采访完哈瑞森之后，我发现一个冰淇淋品尝师的生活并不像他发明的奶油曲奇味雪糕那样甜。这是一个需要克制和无私的艰难工作。
首先，工作时他不能咽下冰淇淋，只能像咖啡品尝师那样吐出。为了避免其他味道的混入，他用金制的汤匙舀取冰淇淋，咬一小口在口中搅动，让大约9 000个味蕾全部都
能感觉到味道，然后他不断咂嘴唇好让空气进入口中。接着，他轻轻吸一口气，让冰淇淋的芳香窜入鼻中。每一个步骤都有助于哈瑞森判断出这款冰淇淋的牛奶、甜度和添加剂这三种成分是否已达到完美的平衡。即使这个冰淇淋尝起来极其美味，他接下来也会把它扔到垃圾桶里。饱腹感是不可能判断出口味的品质的。
哈瑞森告诉我说，在工作周，他也不得不做出很多牺牲：不能吃洋葱、大蒜或辣的食物以及含咖啡因的食物。因为咖啡因会限制味蕾，所以他早饭时只喝一杯花草茶。这只是他为了自己口中世界上最好的工作所付出的一个小代价。
哈瑞森的家族中已经有四代人以这样或那样的方式在冰淇淋行业工作，所以他已经为此付出了一生。但他并没有失去对这种凉爽油腻的甜品的爱。他甚至会在餐厅中点冰淇淋作为甜品。在这些时候，他会咽下它们，他每周大概会吃掉一夸脱（0.95升）的冰淇淋。而美国普通人平均每年要吃掉23.2夸脱（21. 96升）的冰淇淋和其他冰冻奶制品。
Edy’s的冰淇淋有几十种口味。哪种口味才是这个国家最有经验的冰淇淋品尝师的最爱呢？香草味的！事实上，香草口味是全美最畅销的。但是，你不能称它是纯香草口味。“这是个很复杂的口味，”哈瑞森说道。
新增文章5 Primer on Smell
In addition to bringing out1 the flavor of food, what does the sense of smell do for us?
Smell “gives us information about place, about where we are,” says Randall Reed, a Johns Hopkins University professor whose specialty is the sense of smell. ___1___ “Whether we realize it or not, we collect a lot of information about who is around us based on smell,” says Reed.
Even at a distance, odors can warn us of2 trouble —spoiled food, leaking gas, or fire. “It’s a great alert,” offers Donald Leopold, a doctor at Johns Hopkins. For example, if something in the oven is burning, everyone in the house knows it. With just a simple scent, smell can also evoke very intense emotion. Let’s say, for example, that the smell is purple petunias. ___2___ Now let’s imagine that your mother died when you were three, and she used to have a flower garden. You wouldn’t need to identify the smell or to have conscious memories of your mother or her garden. You would feel sad as soon as you smelled that spicy odor.
Compared with3 animals, how well do people detect smelts?
That depends on what you mean by “how well”. We are low
第一部分 词汇选项
下面共有10 组词汇学习，每一组词汇学习有15 道小题。在每道题的句子里都有一个加底 横线的词或短语，请在四个选项中找出与加底横线的词或短语意义最相近的一项。 词汇学习1：
A) contact B) consult C) phone D) visit
A) chance B) employment C)room D)opportunity
A) soon B) immediately C)now D) early
A) name B) distinguish C) capture D)separate
A) happened B) broke C) spread A) do B)achieve C) improve D)finish
A) nicely B) apparently C) finally D)naturally
A) talk B) speech C) debate D)discussion
A) go to B) prepare for C) speak to D) do to
A) tried B) attempted C) agreed D) decided
A) calculation B) computation C) consideration D) assessment
A) tolerate B) accept C) swallow D) take
A) ended B) abandoned C) built D)strengthen
A) rarely B) frequently C)normally D)occasionally
A) dig B) draw C) pull D) extract
答案与题解：
1.C call或call up：打电话。Phone或phone up：打电话。如：Did Mary phone me（up）last night？昨晚玛丽给我打电话了吗？Contact：接触；联系。I regularly contact her.我经常跟她接触。Consult：商量；咨询。I often consult him about my research work.我经常跟他商量我的研究工作。Visit：拜访。Mary visited me last night.昨晚玛丽来看了我。
2.C space：空间。Room：空间。如：I’d like to bring the child with me if there is room in the car.如果车上有空，我想带上孩子。Chance：机会。Everyone has a chance to go to school.每个人都有上学的机会。Employment：就业；职业。Opportunity：机会。The government has been trying hard to provide adequate employment opportunities.政府为提供充分的就业机会而竭尽全力。
3.B at once：马上。Immediately：马上。如：It’s getting late.We must go back home immediately.天晚了，我们得马上回家。Soon：很快。We’ll have lunch soon.我们很快就要吃午饭了。Now：现在。If we leave now we’ll be there before dark.如果我们现在就离开，天黑前就能到那里。Early：早。Mary gets up very early.玛丽起得很早。
4.A identify：认出。Name：指出；说出。如：The light is too dim for me to identify her.光线太暗，无法认出她来。Can you name these flowers？你能说出这些花名吗？Distinguish：区分。There is not much to distinguish her from the other candidates.很难把她与其他的候选人区别开来。Capture：抓住。The policemen have captured the rebel leader.警察已经抓住了叛乱分子的头目。Separate：分开。It is not always possible to separate cause from effect.并不总是能把原因与结果分开。
5.A occur：发生。Happen：发生。又如：His death occurred the following year.他次年就死了。I can remember the whole thing as if it happened yesterday.我记得整个事情，就如同发生在昨天一样。Break：碎；断。Break out：突然发生。The economic crisis broke out first in the US.经济危机首先在美国发生。Appear：出现。A smile gradually appeared on her face.微笑逐渐浮现在她的脸上。【职称英语教材】
6.D complete：完成。Finish：完成。又如：The scientists have completed their investigation.科学家已经完成了调查。Do：做。The students have done their homework.学生已经做完了作业。Achieve：取得；达到。He worked very hard to achieve a balanced budget.为了实现预算平衡，他玩命工作。Improve：改善。Their working conditions have to be improved.他们的工作条件必须改善。
7.C eventually：最终。Finally：最终。又如：It was a long journey，but we eventually arrived.路程很长，不过，我们最终还是达到了。She finally gained control of her husband.她最终控制住了她的丈夫。Apparently：很明显。Apparently you’re sick.很显然你病了。Naturally：自然地。She can speak English very naturally.她英语说得很自然。
8.A conversation：谈话。Talk：谈话。又如：We had a very long telephone conversation yesterday.昨天我们在电话里说得很多。Shen gave us a talk about Chinese culture.她给我们作了一个关于中国文化的报告。Speech：报告；讲演。The expert delivered a speech at the meeting held yesterday.那位专家在昨天的会上作了讲演。Debate：辩论。The cause of global warming is still open to debate.全球变暖的原因仍然可以讨论。Discussion：讨论。Did you participate in the discussion？你参加讨论了吗？
9.A attend：出席、莅临。Go to：出席、莅临。又如：We all attended the conference on globalization.我们都去参加了关于全球化的大会。We’ll go to her birthday party tomorrow.我们明天去参加她的生日聚会。Prepare for：做准备。Will you help me prepare for the wedding ceremony？你能帮我准备婚礼仪式吗？Speak to：跟„„说话，给„„作报告。You must speak to him.He doesn’t listen to me.你得跟他谈谈了，他不听我的。Do to：对某人做了„„。What did you do to her？你对她做了些什么？
10.D make up one’s mind：打定主意，决心。Decide：决定。又如：Susan has made up her mind that，come what may，she will stay with John.苏珊决心已下，不管发生什么，都将跟约翰在一起。He decided not to do that.他决定不干那件事。Try：设法。We are all trying to improve our English.我们正设法提高我们的英语水平。Attempt：试图。We attempted to quit smoking，but failed.我们试图戒烟，但没有成功。Agree：同意。They might not agree with her opinion.他们可能不同意她的意见。
11.C account：考虑。Consideration：考虑。又如：These figures do not take into account changes in the rate of inflation.这些数字并没有把通货膨胀率的变化考虑在内。The Department of
Human Resources will take into consideration your teaching experience when deciding your salary.人事处决定你的工资时是会考虑你的教学经验的。Calculation：计算。Susan looked at the bill and made some rapid calculations.苏珊看了一下账单，很快算了算。Computation：计算。He is good at computation.他计算能力很好。Assessement：估计。What’s your assessment of the situation in Iraq？你对伊拉克的形势是怎么估计的？
12.A put up with 忍耐。Tolerate：忍耐。又如：I don’t konw how you put up wtih their constant quarrelling.他们经常吵架，我不知道你是怎么忍受的。The workes cannot tolerate the long hours.工人无法忍受长时间的工作。Accept：接受。Will you accept our invitation？你会接受我们的邀请吗？Swallow：吞下。Her excuse was obviously a lie ，but Jack swallowed it whole.她明显是骗人的，但是杰克全盘接受。Take：拿，取。You can take anything you like.喜欢的东西你随便拿。
13. B give up：放弃。Abandon：放弃。又如：Mary has given up the hope of ever marrying.玛丽已经放弃了结婚的希望。Fearing further attacks，most of the population had abandoned 天河
City.害怕城市进一步受到攻击，大多数人已经离开。End：结束。The government acted to end a bakers’ strike in the city.政府采取行动结束了城里面包师傅的罢工。Build：建立；加强。Tension is building between the two nations.两国之间的紧张关系正在加剧。Strengthen：加强。Our friendship has steadily strengthened over the years.几年来我们的友谊持续增进。
14.A seldom：很少。Rarely：很少。又如：She seldom wears black shoes.她很少穿黑鞋。She rarely eats pork.她很少吃猪肉。Frequently：常常。The weak child falls sick frequently.这个瘦弱的孩子常常生病。Normally：通常。I normally stay at home in the evening.晚上我通常在家。Occasionally：偶尔地。My brother and I occasionally vist our parents in the countryside.我和哥哥偶尔去乡下看我们的父母。
15.D take out：取出；带出。Extract：用力拔出；抽出。We’ll take our kids out for a meal next week.下周我们要带孩子出去吃饭。The nuts are crushed to extract the oil from them.干果压碎后能榨取油。Dig：挖。The thief escaped by digging an underground tunnel.盗贼是通过挖一条地道逃走的。Draw：抽；取。The corrupt official drew a large sum of money from a bank before he left the country.这个贪官在离开国家之前从一家银行取走了一大笔钱。Pull：拉。Jack tried to pull the drawer open.杰克试图拉开抽屉。
词汇学习2 ：
1. America's emphasis on the importance of education for everyone has research.
A) encouraged B) endangered C) endorsed D) enlarged
the Second World War.
A) baggage B) orphanage C) reportage D) usage
A) inadequately B) hardly C) faintly D) sufficiently A) gently B) shyly C) weakly D) sweetly
A) strange B) certain C) inconsisteat D) proper
A) solitary B) gloomy C) feeble D) frugal
A) put off B) ended C) cancelled D) participated in
A) wanted B) promised C) decided D) agreed
A) always B) occasionally C) constantly D) regularly
A) criticizes B) praises C) evaluates D) talks about
A) understood B) had a hold over C) took hold of D) left hold of
recently.
A) thought B) mind C) account D) memory
A) put up with B) accept C) take D) suffer from
A) left B) given up C) turned down D) refused
A) lastly B) shortly C) recently D) immediately
答案与题解：
1.A spur：促进，激励。Encourage：鼓励；促进。Public apathy encourage corruption in government.公众的冷漠助长政府的腐败。Endanger：危及；；危害。They claim that the herbicide they are using will not endanger human life.他们声称，他们使用的除草剂不会危害人们的生命。Endorse：签名；批准。The application was endorsed by the committee.申请书已由委员会批准。Enlarge：扩大；放大。The UN secretary-general yesterday recommended an enlarged peacekeeping force.昨天联合国秘书长提议扩大维和部队。
2.C coverage：覆盖（的区域、范围），此处指新闻报道的范围。Reportage：新闻报道。注意：reportage在这个句子中科院替代coverage，但并不意味着任何时候都可以替换。Baggage：行李（不可数）。A piece of baggage：一件行李。英国英语一般用luggage。Orphanage：孤儿身份，孤儿院。Usage：使用，用法。The phrase has gone out of usage.那短语已不为大家所用。
3.C dimly：昏暗地。Lit：此处是light（照亮）的过去分词，也有人把它叫做形容词。A dimly lit lane：一条昏暗的胡同。Faintly：暗淡地；微弱地，与dimly相近。Inadequately：不足地。Hardly：几乎不。I can hardly hear him.我几乎听不到他说话。Sufficiently：充分地；足够地。
4.A mildly：温和地；适度地。Gently：温和地；有教养地。“I’m sorry to
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