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Wuxi
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Wuxi (simplified Chinese: 无锡; traditional Chinese: 無錫; pinyin: Wúxī) is an old city in southern Jiangsuprovince, People's Republic of China.
Split in half by Lake Tai, Wuxi borders Changzhou to the west and Suzhou to the east.
The Yangtze River lies between the northern half of Wuxi and Taizhou, while the southern half of the city borders the province of Zhejiang. Wuxi is also famous for being one of the of China's modern industry and commerce, as well as the hometown of many important businessmen who have played essential roles in building commerce in Shanghai since the early 20th century.
Name[edit] The modern name consists of the Chinese characters 无 ("without, lacking") and 锡 ("tin") and simply means "No tin". According to a traditional story, during the warring states period, soldiers were stationed in Wuxi on Xishan ("tin hill"). While burying a pot to prepare food, a soldier found a stone plaque engraved with the words "If there is tin there is an army, conflict under heaven. If there is no tin (wuxi), there is peace, quiet under heaven." According to the story, Wuxi's name comes from this inscription.
However, some scholars believe the name may have originally been "吳墟" ("Ruins of Wu") from Meicun's role as the original capital of the region or from a Chinese transcription of an indigenous Baiyue name honoring a bird deity.[2][3][4][5][6][7] Others believe that the name could be derived from an ancient pronunciation of the name Fu Xi.
Former spellings include Wu-shi, Wushi, and Wu-hsi. In Shanghainese, it is
pronounced [ɦuɕiɪʔ]. History[edit]
Zhou Dynasty[edit]
According to traditional Chinese historians, two Zhou princes, Taibo and Zhongyong, founded the first Chinese state in the area of Wuxi around the 11th century BC. This state of Wu (吳) its first capital at Meili, generally thought to be the village of Meicun in Wuxi (although some records indicate a location closer to Wu's later capitals around Suzhou).[citation needed] Taibo and Zhongyong helped develop Wu's agriculture and waterways and the area soon flourished. Taibo died without an heir, and Zhongyong succeeded him as king of Wu. His descendants were later officially enfeoffed by the Zhou court as vassals before declaring themselves full kings again during the Spring and Autumn Period.
A shrine to Taibo was set up in today's Meicun. Although the original wood structure was
eventually destroyed in war, it has been rebuilt several times.[citation needed] A stone carved with sayings by Confucius can still be seen at the modern Taibo Shrine, whose architecture dates mostly to the Qing dynasty.
Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period[edit]
The State of Wu became one of the strongest kingdoms during the Spring and Autumn Period. Sunzi (Suntzu), who wrote the famous "the Art of War" came to Wu and helped the king with military affairs. Wu was considered one of the seven strongest kingdoms during this
period[citation needed]. Some of Sunzi's descendants still live in Sunxiang in Wuxi near the Plum Garden. However, Wu was later defeated by the State of Yue,
today's Zhejiang and Fujian, which in turn was overthrown by the State of Chu and
incorporated into Chu during the Warring States period.
Qin and Han Dynasty[edit]
The cultural and economic center of the "Wu" area shifted to Suzhou after the reign of the first Qin Dynastyemperor, Qin Shi Huang, who united China; Wuxi at that time belonged to Suzhou. During the Han dynasty, Wuxi was set up as a county by emperor Han Wudi. Historic records show that tin was discovered during the early Han era, leading to conflicts in the area. Soon, however, the tin was depleted. This was once believed to be the origin of the name meaning "no tin." The name was changed to Youxi (有錫), meaning "having tin", during the Wang Mang conflicts period because Wang wanted to change the name.
Six dynasties, Tang and Song Dynasties[edit]
Agriculture and the silk industry flourished in Wuxi and the town became a transportation under the early Tang Dynasty after the construction of the Grand Canal. Although Suzhou became the center of the Wu area, Wuxi was also important in the county of Wu.
Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties[edit]
During the Ming Dynasty, Wuxi became a prosperous cultural center. During the late Ming and early Qing periods, Wuxi was a center for political discussion and public opinion. Agriculture, with rice and fish were major products in the Qing period.
During the Taiping Rebellion, Wuxi was devastated by the war's destruction, like other parts of the lower Yangtze valley. Warfare disrupted planting in the region.[8] As a result of famine, city dwellers resorted to eating human flesh. There are records of sales of human flesh from this period.[9]
During the late 19th century, Wuxi became a center of the textile industry in China and one of the four most important rice markets nationwide. By 1878, Wuxi was the leading silk-producing county in Jiangsu, outstripping even Suzhou, the traditional center of that industry. In the late 19th century, Wuxi was also the regional center for the waterborne transport of grain and a major commercial center.
20th century[edit]
During the period between 1900 and 1940, Wuxi was considered one of the most important counties in China. In dramatist Cao Yu's well-known drama "Thunderstorm", Wuxi was
mentioned several times with a comment "Wuxi is a good place". After the People's Republic China was set up by the communists in 1949, Wuxi continued to grow in importance, with the
establishment of more textile production and both light and heavy industry. This city was considered the second most important city in Jiangsu Province after the capital Nanjing. However, its developmental model has been criticized for the environmental deterioration caused. New strategies are now under consideration to ensure its sustainable development. Geography The city plan, as is typical of many older Chinese cities, is of a central city with a roughly circular plan, crisscrossed with older canals, the main canal still seeing heavy barge traffic. Wuxi itself is on an alluvial plain of deep sedimentary deposits cut between limestone foothills, making it one of the sources for "scholar's rocks", the intricately weathered stones which were used as devices for contemplation.
Climate[edit]
Wuxi is hot and humid in summer and chilly and damp in winter, with an average annual temperature of 18 °C (64 °F) and very occasional snow. Because of its proximity to the East China Sea, it has a monsoon season and receives 100 centimetres (39 inches) of rain annually.[citat
Demographics[edit]
According to the 2010 Census, the prefecture-level of Wuxi has a population of 6,372,624, an increase of 1,192,777 from the 2000 census, giving it an annual population growth of 20.9% the period 2000-2010.[11]
Administration[edit]
See also: List of administrative divisions of Jiangsu
The prefecture-level city of Wuxi administers nine county-level divisions, including
7 districts and 2 county-level cities. The information here presented uses the metric system data from 2010 Census.
These districts are sub-divided into 73 township-level divisions, including 59 towns and 24 subdistricts.
Economy[edit] Currently Wuxi is designated as an investment grade city, and has two large industrial parks devoted to new industries.[citation needed],While being the currentmanufacturing centers on textiles, there are projects to move to electric motor manufacturing and MRP software
development. Wuxi is the solar technology hub in China as two major photovoltaic companies are based in the city. They are Suntech Power and Jetion Holdings Ltd which were listed on overseas stock exchanges.
In 2008 new energy industries were worth 37.8 Billion RMB, with the solar photovoltaic accounting for 30.2 Billion RMB of the total.[12] The GDP per capita was ¥107,400
in 2011, ranked first in Jiangsu, ahead of Nanjing and Suzhou.[1]
The center of the city is filled with modern high rise buildings and the market is being redeveloped in a postmodern style. Hynix completed a new chip plant in Wuxi.[13] Industry[edit]
Wuxi New District Since it was established in 1992, Wuxi New District (WND) has evolved to be one of the major industrial parks in China. A wide variety of components, sub-systems and original equipments are made in WND. Approximately 1200 enterprises have been registered in WND by the end 2008. Wuxi New District provides strong support for international manufacturing operations. The Zone focuses on formation of the five pillar industries of electronic information, precision machinery and mechanical and electrical integration, bio-pharmaceuticals, fine chemicals and new materials.[14]
Wuxi Export Processing Zone Established in 1992, Wuxi Export Processing Zone is located in Wuxi New District with a planned area of 2.98 km. The encouraged industries include electronic information, optical-mechanical-electronic-integration, precision machinery, and new materials. It is near to Wuxi Airport and Changzhou Port.[
Culture As an important city for the "Wu" area, its culture bears distinctive characteristics, which can identified in its dialect, architecture, waterway transportation and various art types.[citation needed] It was one of the art and cultural centers of "Jiangnan", with several famous Chinese authors claiming Wuxi as their home town. Among them, most recently, Qian Zhongshu, author
of Fortress Besieged, a comedy of manners set in China in the 1930s. Wuxi was the birthplace of the famous Chinese (later American) artist Chen Chi (1912—2005), in whose honor a museum has been erected in the city.
One of the handicraft specialties of Wuxi is the production of Huishan clay figurines.[citation needed] and clay tea pots.
In modern times Wuxi has produced a number of cultural figures such as Hua
Yanjun (1893–1950) also known as "Blind Abing" (瞎子阿炳), famous for
his erhu and pipa music. Another famous musician is Liu Tianhua, who was the first to compile folk music using staff.
Transport[edit]
Railways[edit]
Wuxi is situated on the Shanghai–Nanjing Intercity High-Speed Railway, linking it directly with the provincial capital of Nanjing (1.5 hours) and China's economic hub, Shanghai (45 minutes train-ride) and the fifth biggest economic hub and tourist destination Suzhou (24
minutes). K-series trains all stop at Wuxi. 2
Air transport[edit]
Sunan Shuofang International Airport (IATA: WUX) opened in 2004 and serves the cities of Wuxi and Suzhou. It is situated 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) from the city centre and has direct flights to Beijing, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Hong Kong, Taipei, Singapore, and Osaka.
Expressways and highways[edit]
Expressways:
Shanghai-Nanjing Expressway (Hu Ning Gao Su 沪宁高速) Wuxi-Yixing Expressway (Xi Yi Gao Su 锡宜高速)
National highways:
China National Highway 312
Provincial roads:
S342
Metro[edit]
The Wuxi government has planned a network of 8 metro lines. Line 1 and line 2 of the Wuxi Metro began operation in 2014, on July 1st and December 28th respectively.
Tourism Wuxi is a major tourist area of the Lower Yangtze Delta. It has both natural and man-made places of interest.
The city was built on the shore of Lake Tai with the lake providing a rich tourism resource. Noted spots include Yuantouzhu(the Islet of Turtlehead) and Taihu Xiandao (Islands of the Deities). Completed in 2008, this 115-metre (377 ft) tall Ferris wheel takes 18 minutes to
complete one revolution. Passengers can enjoy the scenery of Lake Tai and the city center. At night, lighting effects are switched on around the wheel.[16]
Literally "Tin Mountain" and "Kindhearted Mountain", Mount Xi and Mount Hui are two small hills located in the western part of the city. The classic royal Ji-chang-yuan Gardens are
located at the foot of the hill as well as the Tianxia di er quan (天下第二泉), literally "the second spring under heaven"). Xi Shan is also a name for a tourist area located in Suzhou. Because two separate Chinese characters are both pronounced "Xi": one stands for "West", the other (in this case) is for the metal material tin.
The Grand Canal passes through the city. There are two canals: one is the old canal that has been there since it was excavated, the other is the new canal created after 1949.
Wuxi has many private gardens or parks built by learned scholars and rich people in the past. Among these, Li Yuan, Mei Yuan are good examples that have been well preserved. Xihui
About WND
Wuxi New District (WND) is in the suburban of Wuxi city, approximately 120kms west of Shanghai. Well-developed and diversified transportation systems make it easy to get access to both domestic and oversea markets. In addition, WND is located in the most industrialized area in China, qualified suppliers and adequate work force can be found locally.
Since the foundation in 1992, WND has evolved to be one of the major industrial parks in China featuring in precision machinery, electronics. A wide variety of components, sub-systems and original equipments are made in WND. Approximately 1200 enterprises have been registered in WND by the end of 2008.These manufacturers range from operations with as few as 10 people to 80 Global 500 companies.
Besides manufacturing industry, In recent years, software and out-sourcing industries are emerging rapidly in the district.
WND Facts
Local Population 275,000 Wuxi Airport Logistic Park
Total Area 220 sqkm Two expressways and Wuxi Airport
80 Global 500 Facilities WND Customs/Export Processing Zone One college, two vocational schools 20 sq km Taihu Lake Science Park
WND is managed by the New District Administrative Committee of Wuxi People’s Municipal Government with the aim to improve the level of manufacturing capability of the city and create job opportunity. Based on the platform that WND has achieved in the past 17 years, Taihu Lake Science Park was launched in 2006 to accommodate R&D and technology innovation as the requirement of ever increasing amount manufacturing. If your company is in site selection process in China, please come and visit WND.
Others
Wuxi New District is a district of Wuxi in Jiangsu Province. The district has an area of 220 km² and a population of around 275,000.
In the 1992 the district was founded as an industrial zone in order to attract large foreign companies. It is home to many such companies such as hard disk maker Seagate, the Japanese electrical giant Sony and Matsushita Electric among others.
Wuxi
Wuxi is an old city in Jiangsu province, People's Republic of China. Split into halves by Lake Taihu, Wuxi borders Changzhou to the west and Suzhou to the east. The northern half looks across to Taizhou to the north over the Yangtze River, while the southern half also borders the province of Zhejiang to the south. Wuxi earned its nickname “Pearl of Lake Tai” because it’s built on the shore of Lake Tai with beautiful sceneries. Wuxi was also dubbed "little Shanghai" because of its close proximity to the city and its fast urbanization and booming economy.
Name
Wuxi means "No tin", though scholars suggest the city name may come from "Wuxu" (吳墟), meaning ruins of Wu (state), or a Baiyue word which may mean "god bird".
History
Zhou Dynasty
Wuxi was founded 3,000 years ago by two fugitive princes, Taibo and Zhongyong, of Zhou from northern China, who intended to give their brother "Jili" (季歷) the throne. The two princes settled down in "meili" (梅里), which is believed to be today's Meicun of Wuxi (albeit some historic records lead to somewhere in today's Suzhou). They helped developing local agriculture and waterways and soon this area flourished. After the death of Taibo, because Taibo has no son, the emperor of Zhou named a descendant of his family king of kingdom "Wu". The king called his kingdom itself "Gowu". Taibo's shrine was set up in today's Meicun and the original wood
structure was destroyed during the wars over the course of history. It has been renovated several times and today's architecture is mostly from Qing dynasty. A stone carved with Confucius' comment can still be seen in today's Taibo Shrine.
Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period
Wu became one of the strongest kingdoms during the spring and autumn period. Sunzi (Suntzu), who wrote the famous "the Art of War" came to Wu and helped the king in military affairs. Wu was considered one of the seven strongest kingdoms during Spring and Autumn Period . Some of Sunzi's descendants are still living in Sunxiang in Wuxi near the Plum Garden. However, Wu was defeated by Yue (today's Zhejiang and Fujian) later on, which was also defeated by Chu later and Wu became part of Chu during the Warring States Period.
Qin and Han Dynasty
The culture and economy center of the "Wu" area shifted to Suzhou after Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of Qin Dynasty united China and Wuxi belonged to Suzhou back then. During the Han dynasty, Wuxi was set up as a county by the emperor Han Wudi. Historic records showed that tin was discovered during the early Han era, leading to conflicts in the area. Soon, however, the tin was depleted. This is generally believed to be the origin of the name Wuxi, meaning "no tin." Recent scholarship has brought this explanation into doubt, however. It is claimed that "Wu" is one of the auxiliary suffixes common in the local dialect. This is similar to referring to Suzhou as "Gusu" and Wu as "Gowu". The name was changed to Youxi (有錫), meaning "having tin", during the Wang Mang conflicts period because Wang wanted to change the name.
Six dynasties, Tang and Song Dynasties
Agriculture and silk industry flourished in Wuxi especially after the construction of the Grand Canal. Although Suzhou became a bigger center of the Wu area, Wuxi is still important in the county of Wu.
Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties and on
The agriculture (rice and fish as major products) and industry continued to develop and until the early 20th century, Wuxi became a center of the textile industry in China and one of the four most important rice markets nationwide. During the period between 1900 and 1940, Wuxi was considered a most important county in China. That is why in dramatist Cao Yu's famous drama "Thunderstorm" Wuxi was mentioned several times with a comment "Wuxi is a good place". After the PRC was set up by communists in 1949, Wuxi continued to grow in importance, with the establishment of more textile production and both light and heavy industry. This city was considered a second important city in the Jiangsu province just after the capital city Nanjing. However, its developmental model has been criticized for the environmental deterioration it caused. New strategies are demanded by the people to ensure its development is sustainable.
Geography
The city plan, as is typical of many older Chinese cities, is of a central city with a roughly circular plan, crisscrossed with older canals, the main canal still seeing heavy barge traffic.
Wuxi itself is on an alluvial plain of deep sedimentary deposits cut between limestone foothills, making it one of the sources for "scholar's rocks", the intricately weathered stones which were used as devices for contemplation. Wuxi ranges from a very hot summer to a chilly winter, having an average annual temperature of 18 °C, though it seldom sees snow. Because of its proximity to the East China Sea, it has a monsoon season and receives 100 cm of rain annually.
Administration
The prefecture-level city of Wuxi administers 9 county-level divisions, including 7 districts and 2 county-level cities.
Chong'an District (崇安区)【无锡素食wuxiloves】
Nanchang District (南长区)
Beitang District (北塘区)
Binhu District (滨湖区)
Huishan District (惠山区)
Xishan District (锡山区)
Wuxi New District (无锡新区)
Jiangyin City (江阴市)
Yixing City (宜兴市)
The Wuxi New District belongs to Binhu District, but it has its own administrative committee, dealing with its affairs. These are further divided into 73 township-level divisions, including 59 towns and 24 subdistricts.
Economy
Currently Wuxi is designated an investment g
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