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名词是表示人、事物和抽象概念的词。它有可数名词和不可数名词之分。可数名词有单复数之分。如:a bag,two bags。而不可数名词,顾名思义,通常没有复数形式,不能在词尾加s或es变复数。
不可数名词有:ice, rain, snow, sun, wind, bread, meat, juice, sugar, food, rice, water, coffee, tea, milk, jam, chocolate, fruit, paper, hair 等,这些物质名词都是不可数名词。还有像 work (工作), help (帮助), love (爱), hope (希望), weather (天气) 等抽象名词也是不可数名词。 在使用不可数名词时,要注意以下几点:
1.不可数名词前面不能直接加a / an。如:
I like to skate on an ice.( × )
I like to skate on the ice. ( √ )我喜欢在冰上溜滑。
不可数名词如果要表示一定的数量,可以借助单位词。如: a cube of ice 一方块冰 three cups of tea三杯茶
a bowl of rice 一碗米饭a bar of chocolate 一大块巧克力
2.不可数名词的词尾不能加s或es变复数。
3.some, any, no, a little, much, a lot of等词往往可以加在不可数名词的前面,修饰不可数名词。如:
1)I don’t want any help. 我不需要任何帮助。
2)There’s some milk in the glass. 玻璃杯里有一些牛奶。
淘气包马小跳把下面的句子都翻译对了吗?如果有错,请为其改正。
1. 请给我一些果汁。
( )Give me some juices, please.
2. 我喜欢坐在阳光下。
( )I like to sit in a sun.
3. 桌子上有两碗米饭。
( )There are two rices on the table.
4. 他们喜欢在风中玩耍。
( )They like to play in the wind.
bread面包 beer啤酒
cloth布 coffee咖啡
cream奶油 dust尘土
gin杜松子酒 glass玻璃
gold黄金 ice冰
jam果酱 oil油
paper纸 sand沙
soap肥皂 stone石头
tea茶 water水【TESSAY巧克力】
wine葡萄酒 wood木头
advice忠告／主意 beauty美丽，漂亮
courage勇气 death死亡
experience经验 fear担心
help帮助 hope希望
horror恐惧 information消息／信息
knowledge知识 mercy仁慈
pity同情 relief救济
suspicion猜疑 work工作
baggage行李 camping露营
damage损害 furniture家具
luggage 行李 parking停车
shopping购物 weather气候
a bit of news一件消息
a cake of soap一块肥皂
a drop of oil一滴油
a grain of sand一粒沙子【TESSAY巧克力】
a pane of glass一块玻璃
a piece of advice一条忠告
a pot of jam一罐果酱【TESSAY巧克力】
a sheet of paper一页纸
记住这十个词，人称雷打不动的十大金刚：
advice,news,information, progress,work.fun,weather,music,health,luck。 在使用这些词时，不管其前面有多少修饰语，其前一定不要用不定冠词a或an。
一、 可数名词与不可数名词的区别
普通名词所表示的人或事物是可以按个数计算的，这类名词叫可数名词。可数名词分为个体名词(表示某类人或事物中的个体，如worker, farmer, desk, factory等)和集体名词(表示作为一个整体来看的一群人或一些事物，如people, family 等)。如果普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的，这类名词就叫不可数名词。不可数名词分为物质名词(表示无法分为个体的物质，如meat, rice, water, milk, orange 等)和抽象名词(表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念，如
第三版大学精读1课后翻译
第一单元
1.史密斯太太对我抱怨说，她经常发现与自己十六岁的女儿简直无法沟通。Mrs. Smith complained to me that she often found it simply impossible to communicate with her 16-year-old daughter.
2.我坚信，阅读简写的（simplified）英文小说是扩大我们词汇量的一种轻松愉快的方法。I strongly believe that reading simplified versions of English novels is an easy and enjoyable way of enlarging our vocabulary.
3.我认为我们在保护环境不受污染（pollution）方面还做得不够。I don’t think we have done enough to protect our environment from pollution.
4.除了每周写作文外，我们的英语老师还给我们布臵了八本书在暑假里阅读。In addition to/Apart from writing compositions on a weekly basis, our English teacher assigned us eight books to read during the summer vacation.
5.我们从可靠的消息来源获悉下学期一位以英语为母语的人将要教我们英语口语。We have learned reliable sources that a native English speaker is going to teach us spoken English next term.
6.经常看英语电影不仅会提高你的听力，而且还会帮助你培养说的技能。Watching English films on a regular basis will not only improve your ear, but will also help you build your speaking skills.
7.如果你们对这些学习策略有什么问题，请随便问我。我将更详细地进行讲解。If you have any questions about these learning strategies, please feel free to ask me. And I’ll explain them in greater detail.
8.那个加拿大女孩善于抓住每个机会讲汉语。这就是她为什么三年不到就熟练地掌握了汉语口语的原因。The
Canadian girl is good at seizing every opportunity to speak Chinese that’s why she has gained a good command of spoken Chinese in less than three years.
第二单元
1.幸好附近有家医院，我们立刻把他送到了那里。Fortunately, there was a hospital nearby. We immediately sent him there.
2.胜利登上乔治岛后，船长向指挥部发了一份无线电报。After succeeding in landing on George Island, the captain sent a message to the headquarters by radio.
3.他决心继续他的试验，不过这次他将用另一种方法来做。He had made up his mind to go on with his experiment, but this time he was going to do it another way.
4.她读这部小说时，不禁想起了她在农村度过的那五年。While reading the novel, she couldn’t help recalling the five years that she had spent in the countryside.
5.玛丽觉得但单靠自己的力量执行她的计划是困难的。Mary felt it difficult to carry out her plan all by herself.
6.我们认为他不能在一刻钟内走完那段距离，但他却成功地做到了这一点。We didn’t think he could cover the distance within a quarter, but he succeeded in doing so.
7.甚至在他的医生告诉他患有肺癌之后，奇切斯特仍不肯放弃环球航行的宿愿。Chichester refused to give up his old dream of sailing around the world, even after his docter told him that he had lung cancer.
8.我正忙着在做一种新的捕鼠装臵，马克走来拖着我出去看花展了。While I was busy making a kind of new rats catcher, Mark came and dragged me out to watch a flower exhibition.
第三单元
1.那位名演员似乎很乐意在剧中扮演一个次要角色。That famous actor seemed content to paly a minor part in the play.
2.国庆要到了，咱们把寝室彻底打扫一下吧。National Day is round the corner. Let’s give our bedroom a thorough cleaning.
3.她非常勉强地同意让一位年轻医生为她做手术。With much reluctance, she let a young doctor operate on her.
4.他们已安排好让我们明天去游览长城，我相信我们在那一定会玩得很开心。They’ve already arranged for us to visit the Great Wall tomorrow. I’m sure we’ll have a good time there.
5. 老人读完信后失望之极，竟用颤抖的手指把它撕得粉碎。After reading the letter the old man was so
disappointed that he tore it into little bits with trembling fingers.
6.老两口为他们的孙子感到骄傲，因为他在第二十六届奥运会上获得了两块金牌和一枚铜牌。The old couple were proud of their grandson, who got/won two gold medals and one bronze medal at the 26rd Olympic Games.
7.即使他的祖母不能来参加他的生日宴会，她也会寄给他一件可爱的礼物。对这一点汤姆深信不疑。Even if his grandmother could not come to his birthday party, she would send him a lovely present. Tom was sure of that.
8.昨天是玛丽的二十岁生日。她父亲寄给她一双靴子，她母亲为她买了一盒巧克力糖。而她的男朋友则给她一束红玫瑰。It was Mary’s twentieth birthday yesterday. Her father sent her a pair of boots. Her mother bought her a box of chocolates. And her boy friend brought her a bunch of red roses.
第四单元
1. 接受这份工作就得经常在周末上班，但约翰并不在意。To take this job would involve working on weekends frequently, but John didn’t mind.
2.众所周知，肺癌至少部分地是由于吸烟过多而引起的。It is well know that lung cancer is caused at least in part by smoking too much..
3.我祖父母说，发明电视的那个人曾住在他们那个地段。My grandparents said that the man who invented television had once lived in their neighborhood.
4.我提议咱们会后马上去办公室找史斯密教授，邀请他参加我们的英语晚会。I propose that we go to find Prof. Smith in his office right after the meeting and invite him to our English evening.
5.她因那病开过两次刀，身体十分虚弱，几乎站不起来。Having been operated on twice for the disease, she was so weakened that she could barely stand up.
6.教育家们认为，伴随着电视机长大的一代人，在电视机前花的时间太多，以致没有足够的时间学习了。Educators think that the generation growing up with television spend so much of their time in front of the TV that they do not have enough time to study.
7.我真希望你能拿出一个比这更好的解决办法来。I do hope that you can come up with a better solution than this.
8.乍一看，这幅画并不好，但经过仔细观察，我们才发现它的的确观察，我们才发现它的确是一幅杰作。At first glance the picture didn’t look very good, but after examining it carefully we found that it was indeed a masterpiece. 第五单元
1.简从书架上拿了一本杂志，开始东一页西一页地随便翻阅。Jane picked up a magazine from the bookshelf and began to read here and there at random.
2.我随信附上这篇故事的几张插图。I enclosed a few illustration for the story with the letter.
3.那幢古老的建筑物四周有一圈高墙。A high wall enclosed that ancient building.
4.格林大夫忙着研制一种治艾滋病的药物，但从下月起他就能安排时间在星期一上午看二十个左右的病人了。Dr. Green is busy working on medicine for curing AIDS, but he will be able to fit in about twenty patients on Monday morning from next month.
5.他讲了个故事来说明为什么在详细查看其条款之前决不要在任何合同上签字。He told a story to illustrate why you should never sign on any contract before examining its provisions carefully.
6.他们老是对她说她有数学天才，她感到很不好意思。They always told her that she had a genius in math. She felt embarrassed about it.
7.天知道我们那个傻小子什么时候能中学毕业。God knoes when our dumb guy will graduate from high school.
8.亨利的最近一部小说和他女儿的第一本书都于三个月前出版，令他们惊讶的是，后者的已经销售出一百多万册。Both Henry’s latest novel an his daughter’s first one were published three months ago. To their astonishment, the latter has already sold over one million copies.
第六单元
1.据报道，那条铁路曾因洪水而停止修建。
It was reported that the building of the railway had been held up by a flood.
2.罢工的结果，资方接受了工人的要求。
The strike resulted in the management’s accepting the workers’ demands.
3.煤矿工人们决定为争取更好的工作条件举行罢工。
Workers of the coalmine decided to go on strike for better working conditions.
4.我很想买这本英文字典，遗憾的是我身上带的钱不够。
I very much want to buy the English dictionary, but unfortunately I don’t have enough money on me.
5.我想先和你讨论一下这篇文章的英译稿，然后再把它寄给霍布斯先生。
I’d like to talk over with you about the English translation of the essay before I send it to Mr. Hobbs.
6.那位外国专家希望在三年内达到所有的目标。
The foreign expert hopes to achieve all his objectives in three years.
7.一个科学家要跟上本领域的新发展，你认为必须做些什么？
What do you think a scientist must do if he wants to keep up with the latest development in his field?
8.作者认为，如果优秀工人经常得到加薪和提级，他们就会有更大的生产积极性。
The author believes that if excellent workers get frequent pay increases and promotions, they will have greater incentive to work.
第七单元
1. 萨姆买不起他极想要的那种照相机，因为那相机太贵了。
Sam could not afford the camera he longed for because it was too expensive.
2.整个上午他都在忙于写那篇故事，只是偶尔停下来喝杯茶。
He was busy writing the story all the morning, only breaking off occasionally to have a cup of tea.
3.他是个富人家的儿子，不过看上去已经家道中落了
He is the son of a wealthy family, but he seems to have come down in the world.
4.他常利用她缺乏生意头脑而欺骗她。
He often took advantage of her lack of business sense to cheat her.
5.王教授，请您赏光来参加我们星期六的英语晚会好吗？
Prof, Wang, would you do us a favor by coming to our English evening this Saturday?
6.看外表他一点也不像是个八十多岁的老人。
He does not seem to be an old man in his eighties, considering his appearance.
7.他们肯定没打算把他培养成一名工程师，我猜想他们永远也不会这样做。
Undoubtedly they do not have the intention of making an engineer of him, and I suspect they never will.
8.我怀疑这家工厂什么质量控制也没有，经过一周的观察，我发现情况果真如此。
I suspected there was no quality control whatsoever in the factory. After making observations for a week I found this was indeed the case.
第八单元
1.我很幸运，在我年轻的时候就学会了许多不同的技能。
I am lucky to have acquired a wide range of skills when I was young.
2.这些画价值在五千万美元左右，绝不能直接暴露在阳光之下。
These drawings, which are worth something like 50 million dollars, must not be exposed to direct sunlight.
3.我儿子写出他第一首诗的时候，我就知道他有天赋。
I know my son got talent when be composed his first poem.
4.由于流感在社区传播，她用暖和的冬衣将自己裹起来，以防传染上这种疾病。
As the flu was spreading in the community, she wrapped herself in warm winter clothing to avoid catching the disease.
5.被告否认他曾经向政府官员付钱以获得合同。
The defendant denied that he had ever made any payment to the government official to get a contract.
6.我吃惊的看到，当妻子泄露了一个家庭秘密的时候，他掴了她一记耳光。
I was startled to see heslapped his wife in the face when she revealed a family secret.
7.他说他掌握了一个关于战争的秘密文件，这使每一个在座的人都大为吃惊。接着他啪的一声打开公文包（briefcase）便开始读起来
He astonished everyone present by saying that he possessed a secret paper about the war. He then snapped open his briefcase and began to read it.
8.当他渐渐获得了信心的时候，他的语调变得自然了，说起话来也就自然脱口而出了。
As he gradually acquired confidence, his tone became natural and his words came out spontaneously.
第九单元
1.工厂和汽车发出的一氧化碳一类的气体严重污染了大气。
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