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奥巴马竞选总统成功之处分析
奥巴马竞选总统的成功自然离不开他自身的努力，和群众的支持，但更重要的则是他拥有出众的演讲技能使得他竞选成功，下面将对奥巴马的演讲特点进行具体分析。
和布什不同的是，奥巴马可以自己写作，并提出基于个人思考的解决问题的方案。和克林顿不同的是，奥巴马更加可信、坦白、透明，但他和克林顿一样拥有雄辩的口才并对普通民众具有强大的吸引力。
2004年7月27日，奥巴马在美国民主党全国代表大会上发表“基调演讲”，演讲的题目就是《大无畏的希望》，奥巴马充满激情地宣示：“不存在一个自由主义的美国和一个保守主义的美国，而只有一个美利坚合众国。不存在黑人的美国和白人的美国、拉丁族裔的美国和亚洲人的美国，而只有美利坚合众国。”这次演讲使很多年轻的民主党人欣喜若狂，很多上了年纪的民主党人也为之热泪盈眶。正是这场演讲让名不见经传的奥巴马开始声名鹊起。一个希望的火种开始在美国熊熊燃烧。
演讲大师
他是个天生的演讲家，有着“令政客妒嫉的嗓音”，加上其个人魅力无穷，调动现场气氛能力一流，演讲中带着某种直指人心的魔力，每每能使得群情激昂。
奥巴马的演说富有节奏感，味道十足、语气恰到好处，几乎带有一种催眠和传教的功能。即使当他面对成千上万人演讲，也能让每个人都觉得奥巴马就是对他一个人在说。这是在希拉里的竞选集会中难以看到的。美国历史上优秀的政治家，如林肯、肯尼迪和马丁·路德·金，都是演讲高手。在传媒日益发达的当代，这一点直接关系到能否感动选民、取得共鸣。 善于演讲并非奥巴马的天赋，在演讲问题上，他也曾遭遇过惨败。2000年，奥巴马在民主党的提名战中，以一票之差败给了对手博比·拉什。奥巴马落败的主要原因就是他身上的教授气质和精英气息，这使得平民百姓对他感到隔膜。
奥巴马决定从失败中学习，他首先改掉的是学究的演讲方式，他造访区内各个黑人教堂，学习黑人牧师讲话的节奏和夸赞的神态，并观察听众的反应，不断学习调整。人们被他“任何人都可以分享我的激情，取得自己的成功”的口号打动。两年后，奥巴马停掉了在芝加哥大学的课程，全力竞选国会参议员。2004年，他竞选成功，正式从芝加哥大学辞职。 善用排比
奥巴马在演讲中善于使用排比句，取得排山倒海般的效果。2007年9月12日，奥巴马在艾奥瓦州克林顿市的一所大学里发表了题为《翻开伊拉克问题的新的一页》的演讲，奥巴马说，“我在2002年反对这场战争。我在2003年反对它。我在2004年反对它。我在2005年反对它。我在2006年反对它。”
2008年1月3日，奥巴马在艾奥瓦党团会议选举获胜之夜发表演讲，这篇演讲激情澎湃。演讲一开始，他首先肯定了今天的胜利，宣布预言家
的失败，非常成功地渲染了作为第一位预选获胜所代表的深意。他连用排比句，气势磅礴，很具感染力：
我会是这样一位总统：让每个人都能看上病和看得起病。我在伊利诺斯州就通过民主党人和共和党人的携手合作实现了这一目标。
我会是这样一位总统：终止所有把工作运往海外的公司的税收优惠政策，并给美国最值得享受减税的中产阶级减税。
我会是这样一位总统：让农场主、科学家和企业家发挥他们的创造力，使我们国家一劳永逸地摆脱石油的主宰。
最后，我会是这样一位总统：我要结束伊拉克战争并让我们的士兵回家；我要恢复我们的道德地位；我知道9·11不是骗取选票的借口，而是使美国和世界联合起来应对21世纪这个世界面临的共同威胁：恐怖主义和核扩散，全球变暖和贫困，种族屠杀和疾病。
演讲的精义就在于要感染人、打动人，从而 “迷惑”大家理智，赢得大家支持。所以，煽情、升华是非常重要的因素，而这篇演讲完全做到了这一点，其中娴熟的排比句的运用功不可没。在场听到他演讲的美国学者认为奥巴马不仅仅是一个候选人，他更是在发动一场运动。
爱讲故事
奥巴马演讲的另一特色是喜欢在演讲中举出具体的事例，以生动的故事承载深奥的政治理念。比如下面这段演讲词：
“我记得在匹兹堡遇到的梯姆·韦勒夫妇，他们正在想办法为自己年幼的儿子寻找供移植的肝脏；我还记得伊利诺伊州西北部东木连市的谢默斯·阿赫，一个正准备去伊拉克实现报效国家的美国青年，以及他父亲脸上洋溢着的对儿子的自豪感。我还记得在圣路易斯碰到的一个黑人女孩，她说她正在努力考大学，尽管她们家祖祖辈辈连一个中学毕业的人都没有。感动我的不仅仅是他们的奋斗精神，更在于他们在艰难时刻所表现出来的大无畏的决心、乐观主义精神和自强不息的意志。这种精神使我想起我曾听到的一次牧师布道时说的一句话：大无畏的希望，这就是美国精神的最好表现。”
奥巴马也会提到自己的成长故事。2004年7月27日，在美国民主党全国代表大会上，奥巴马是主要发言人之一。奥巴马这样介绍自己的身世： “我的父亲是个外国留学生，在肯尼亚的一个小村庄出生并长大，他幼时牧羊，在简陋的铁皮校舍里上学。我的祖父是个厨师，一个佣人。但我祖父对他的儿子的未来抱有更大的梦想。通过顽强拼搏，我父亲拿到了去美国留学的奖学金。美国是一片神奇的国土，对未曾来过的人而言，美国是自由和机会的象征。在留学期间，父亲遇到了母亲。我母亲出生在堪萨斯的一个小镇上。她父亲在大萧条时期为了养家糊口，不是在石油钻塔下打工，就是在农场务农。珍珠港事件后，他自愿入伍，加入巴顿的部队，曾在整个欧洲大陆辗转作战。在后方，外祖母养育着他们的孩子，并在一条生产轰炸机的工厂流水线上干活。战后，他们研究了《士兵福利法案》，通过联邦住宅管理局买了一套房子，并移居到西部寻找机会。他们对自己的女儿也寄予了很大的梦想。一个共同的梦想，在两个不同的大陆酝酿。
我的父母不仅共享美好的爱情，他们还共同坚信这个国家有巨大的潜力。他们赐予我一个非洲名字：巴拉克，意为„老天保佑‟。他们相信在宽容大度的美国，一个人姓甚名谁不会妨碍其通向成功。尽管生活并不富裕，但他们送我去这片土地上最好的学校就读。在富足的美国，即使你并不富裕，你也能发掘出你的潜力。现在他们都过世了。不过我知道，在这个夜晚，他们正在星空骄傲地俯瞰着我。”
正是在这次大会上，奥巴马以一句坦诚告白“我是同胞弟兄的守护人，我是同胞姐妹的守护人”，使很多代表听得热泪盈眶。这篇著名的演讲使奥巴马在党内的名声一炮打响，光芒直逼总统候选人约翰·克里。 语言通俗
和布什不同的是，奥巴马可以自己写作、推理，并提出基于个人思考的解决问题的方案。和克林顿不同的是，奥巴马更加可信、坦白、透明，但他和克林顿一样拥有雄辩的口才并对普通民众具有强大的吸引力。 奥巴马的演讲才华得益于在教会服务的经历，他从中学到了一种很能打动人心的说话方式。知识分子说到种族平等，可能会引用《独立宣言》里的名言，但是奥巴马会像黑人牧师那样说“我们黑人也是上帝按照他自己的样子创造的”，比较而言，还是后一种说法更有感染力。
语言通俗，并不意味着思想也浅薄。奥巴马在竞选中，有一个演讲尽显其演讲中的冷峻一面，让人们领略到奥巴马演讲的另类风采。2008年3月18日，面对自己的牧师发表谴责美国的布道录像被公开后引起的轩然大波，奥巴马选择在美国宪法诞生地费城发表了一篇具有历史性意义的演讲，奥巴马说，美国的种族问题很复杂，“赖特牧师那一代人对他们当初所遭受的侮辱、怀疑和恐惧依然记忆犹新，他们的愤怒和苦涩也就如影随形。”“如果我们现在选择逃避，我们只是后退到各自的角落，我们将永远无法一起面对挑战，解决问题”。他指出，黑人的愤怒是过去种族隔离政策的产品，50年前，歧视黑人被合法化，到现在黑人与白人之间还是贫富悬殊，因此，“愤怒是真实的，是强有力的，要凭主观愿望使之消失，及对其作出谴责，只会令不同种族之间的误解造成的裂痕扩大。”
奥巴马是在发表这篇演说的当天凌晨3时写完演说稿的。一些评论家赞赏道，这是美国历代重要政客有关奴隶制往事的讲话中，“最个人化兼讨论最广泛”的一篇。演说结束后，奥巴马看到同为非洲裔的妻子在后台哭泣。美国媒体对奥巴马的讲话多有正面的评价，一些评论家认为，奥巴马此番讲话给人非常成熟的印象，表现出一种真正的大将风度。
Transcript: Michelle Obama\\'s Convention Speech
September 4,2012
Thank you so much, Elaine...we are so grateful for your family\\'s service and sacrifice...and we will always have your back.
Over the past few years as First Lady, I have had the extraordinary privilege of traveling all across this country.
And everywhere I\\'ve gone, in the people I\\'ve met, and the stories I\\'ve heard, I have seen the very best of the American spirit.
I have seen it in the incredible kindness and warmth that people have shown me and my family, especially our girls.
I\\'ve seen it in teachers in a near-bankrupt school district who vowed to keep teaching without pay.
I\\'ve seen it in people who become heroes at a moment\\'s notice, diving into harm\\'s way to save others...flying across the country to put out a fire...driving for hours to bail out a flooded town.
And I\\'ve seen it in our men and women in uniform and our proud military families...in wounded warriors who tell me they\\'re not just going to walk again, they\\'re going to run, and they\\'re going to run marathons...in the young man blinded by a bomb in Afghanistan who said, simply, "...I\\'d give my eyes 100 times again to have the chance to do what I have done and what I can still do."
Every day, the people I meet inspire me...every day, they make me proud...every day they remind me how blessed we are to live in the greatest nation on earth.
Serving as your First Lady is an honor and a privilege...but back when we first came together four years ago, I still had some concerns about this journey we\\'d begun.
While I believed deeply in my husband\\'s vision for this country...and I was certain he would make an extraordinary President...like any mother, I was worried about what it would mean for our girls if he got that chance.
How would we keep them grounded under the glare of the national spotlight? PBS NewsHour/YouTube
First lady Michelle Obama addresses the DNC after being introduced by military mom Elaine Brye, from PBS NewsHour.
How would they feel being uprooted from their school, their friends, and the only home they\\'d ever known?
Our life before moving to Washington was filled with simple joys...Saturdays at soccer games, Sundays at grandma\\'s house...and a date night for Barack and me was either dinner or a movie, because as an exhausted mom, I couldn\\'t stay awake for both.
And the truth is, I loved the life we had built for our girls...I deeply loved the man I had built that life with...and I didn\\'t want that to change if he became President.
I loved Barack just the way he was.
You see, even though back then Barack was a Senator and a presidential candidate...to me, he was still the guy who\\'d picked me up for our dates in a car that
was so rusted out, I could actually see the pavement going by through a hole in the passenger side door...he was the guy whose proudest possession was a coffee table he\\'d found in a dumpster, and whose only pair of decent shoes was half a size too small.
But when Barack started telling me about his family – that\\'s when I knew I had found a kindred spirit, someone whose values and upbringing were so much like mine.
You see, Barack and I were both raised by families who didn\\'t have much in the way of money or material possessions but who had given us something far more valuable –
their unconditional love, their unflinching sacrifice, and the chance to go places they had never imagined for themselves.
My father was a pump operator at the city water plant, and he was diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis when my brother and I were young.
And even as a kid, I knew there were plenty of days when he was in pain...I knew there were plenty of mornings when it was a struggle for him to simply get out of bed.
But every morning, I watched my father wake up with a smile, grab his walker, prop himself up against the bathroom sink, and slowly shave and button his uniform.
And when he returned home after a long day\\'s work, my brother and I would stand at the top of the stairs to our little apartment, patiently waiting to greet him...watching as he reached down to lift one leg, and then the other, to slowly climb his way into our arms.
But despite these challenges, my dad hardly ever missed a day of work...he and my mom were determined to give me and my brother the kind of education they could only dream of.
And when my brother and I finally made it to college, nearly all of our tuition came from student loans and grants.
But my dad still had to pay a tiny portion of that tuition himself.
And every semester, he was determined to pay that bill right on time, even taking out loans when he fell short.
He was so proud to be sending his kids to college...and he made sure we never missed a registration deadline because his check was late.
You see, for my dad, that\\'s what it meant to be a man.
Like so many of us, that was the measure of his success in life – being able to earn a decent living that allowed him to support his family.
And as I got to know Barack, I realized that even though he\\'d grown up all the way across the country, he\\'d been brought up just like me.
Barack was raised by a single mother who struggled to pay the bills, and by grandparents who stepped in when she needed help.
Barack\\'s grandmother started out as a secretary at a community bank...and she moved quickly up the ranks...but like so many women, she hit a glass ceiling.
And for years, men no more qualified than she was – men she had actually trained – were promoted up the ladder ahead of her, earning more and more money while Barack\\'s family continued to scrape by.
But day after day, she kept on waking up at dawn to catch the bus...arriving at work before anyone else...giving her best without complaint or regret.
And she would often tell Barack, "So long as you kids do well, Bar, that\\'s all that really matters."
Like so many American families, our families weren\\'t asking for much.
They didn\\'t begrudge anyone else\\'s success or care that others had much more than they did...in fact, they admired it.
They simply believed in that fundamental American promise that, even if you don\\'t start out with much, if you work hard and do what you\\'re supposed to do, then you should be able to build a decent life for yourself and an even better life for your kids and grandkids.
That\\'s how they raised us...that\\'s what we learned from their example.
We learned about dignity and decency – that how hard you work matters more than how much you make...that helping others means more than just getting ahead yourself.
We learned about honesty and integrity – that the truth matters...that you don\\'t take shortcuts or play by your own set of rules...and success doesn\\'t count unless you earn it fair and square.
We learned about gratitude and humility – that so many people had a hand in our success, from the teachers who inspired us to the janitors who kept our school clean...and we were taught to value everyone\\'s contribution and treat everyone with respect.
Those are the values Barack and I – and so many of you – are trying to pass on to our own children.
That\\'s who we are.
And standing before you four years ago, I knew that I didn\\'t want any of that to change if Barack became President.
Well, today, after so many struggles and triumphs and moments that have tested my husband in ways I never could have imagined, I have seen firsthand that being president doesn\\'t change who you are – it reveals who you are.
You see, I\\'ve gotten to see up close and personal what being president really looks like.
And I\\'ve seen how the issues that come across a President\\'s desk are always the hard ones – the problems where no amount of data or numbers will get you to the right answer...the judgment calls where the stakes are so high, and there is no margin for error.
And as President, you can get all kinds of advice from all kinds of people.
But at the end of the day, when it comes time to make that decision, as President, all you have to guide you are your values, and your vision, and the life experiences that make you who you are.
So when it comes to rebuilding our economy, Barack is thinking about folks like my dad and like his grandmother.
He\\'s thinking about the pride that comes from a hard day\\'s work.
That\\'s why he signed the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act to help women get equal pay for equal work.
That\\'s why he cut taxes for working families and small businesses and fought to get the auto industry back on its feet.
That\\'s how he brought our economy from the brink of collapse to creating jobs again – jobs you can raise a family on, good jobs right here in the United States of America.
When it comes to the health of our families, Barack refused to listen to all those folks who told him to leave health reform for another day, another president.
He didn\\'t care whether it was the easy thing to do politically – that\\'s not how he was raised – he cared that it was the right thing to do.
He did it because he believes that here in America, our grandparents should be able to afford their medicine...our kids should be able to see a doctor when they\\'re sick...and no one in this country should ever go broke because of an accident or illness.
And he believes that women are more than capable of making our own choices about our bodies and our health care...that\\'s what my husband stands for.
When it comes to giving our kids the education they deserve, Barack knows that like me and like so many of you, he never could\\'ve attended college without financial aid.
And believe it or not, when we were first married, our combined monthly student loan bills were actually higher than our mortgage.
We were so young, so in love, and so in debt.
That\\'s why Barack has fought so hard to increase student aid and keep interest rates down, because he wants every young person to fulfill their promise and be able to attend college without a mountain of debt.
So in the end, for Barack, these issues aren\\'t political – they\\'re personal. Because Barack knows what it means when a family struggles.
He knows what it means to want something more for your kids and grandkids. Barack knows the American Dream because he\\'s lived it...and he wants everyone in this country to have that same opportunity, no matter who we are, or where we\\'re from, or what we look like, or who we love.
And he believes that when you\\'ve worked hard, and done well, and walked through that doorway of opportunity...you do not slam it shut behind you...you reach back, and you give other folks the same chances that helped you succeed.
So when people ask me whether being in the White House has changed my husband, I can honestly say that when it comes to his character, and his convictions, and his heart, Barack Obama is still the same man I fell in love with all those years ago.
He\\'s the same man who started his career by turning down high paying jobs and instead working in struggling neighborhoods where a steel plant had shut down,
fighting to rebuild those communities and get folks back to work...because for Barack, success isn\\'t about how much money you make, it\\'s about the difference you make in people\\'s lives.
He\\'s the same man who, when our girls were first born, would anxiously check their cribs every few minutes to ensure they were still breathing, proudly showing them off to everyone we knew.
That\\'s the man who sits down with me and our girls for dinner nearly every night, patiently answering their questions about issues in the news, and strategizing about middle school friendships.
That\\'s the man I see in those quiet moments late at night, hunched over his desk, poring over the letters people have sent him.【奥巴马竞选总统演讲】
The letter from the father struggling to pay his bills...from the woman dying of cancer whose insurance company won\\'t cover her care...from the young person with so much promise but so few opportunities.
I see the concern in his eyes...and I hear the determination in his voice as he tells me, "You won\\'t believe what these folks are going through, Michelle...it\\'s not right. We\\'ve got to keep working to fix this. We\\'ve got so much more to do."
I see how those stories – our collection of struggles and hopes and dreams – I see how that\\'s what drives Barack Obama every single day.
And I didn\\'t think it was possible, but today, I love my husband even more than I did four years ago...even more than I did 23 years ago, when we first met.
I love that he\\'s never forgotten how he started.
I love that we can trust Barack to do what he says he\\'s going to do, even when it\\'s hard – especially when it\\'s hard.
I love that for Barack, there is no such thing as "us" and "them" – he doesn\\'t care whether you\\'re a Democrat, a Republican, or none of the above...he knows that we all love our country...and he\\'s always ready to listen to good ideas...he\\'s always looking for the very best in everyone he meets.
And I love that even in the toughest moments, when we\\'re all sweating it – when we\\'re worried that the bill won\\'t pass, and it seems like all is lost – Barack never lets himself get distracted by the chatter and the noise.
Just like his grandmother, he just keeps getting up and moving forward...with patience and wisdom, and courage and grace.
And he reminds me that we are playing a long game here...and that change is hard, and change is slow, and it never happens all at once.
But eventually we get there, we always do.
We get there because of folks like my Dad...folks like Barack\\'s grandmother...men and women who said to themselves, "I may not have a chance to fulfill my dreams, but maybe my children will...maybe my grandchildren will."
So many of us stand here tonight because of their sacrifice, and longing, and steadfast love...because time and again, they swallowed their fears and doubts and did what was hard.
奥巴马竞选成功的原因
摘要：
2008年11月5日，奥巴马成功地打破了美国总统选举的“潜规则”，凭借其优秀的政治能力，创造了其美国梦，成为美国第一位黑人总统。本文对奥巴马竞选成功的原因进行了简要分析，主要包括优秀的演讲能力，乐观诚恳的态度，亲民的政治思想，充分的竞选准备以及良好的竞选技巧等。
关键词： 演讲能力 诚恳态度 亲民思想 充分准备
2008年11月5日，奥巴马凭借其强大的人格魅力和良好的竞选技巧战胜了他强劲的对手——麦凯恩。新的总统年轻而且又不是美国人一贯接受的白人总统，但他最终却成功地站在了这个政治舞台上。仔细想想，究竟是什么原因呢？
一、 优秀的演讲能力：
看过了奥巴马的就职演讲，我们不能不说他的演讲具有极强的感染力和彰显力。奥巴马
灿烂的笑容虏获了许多民众的心，在他的竞选集会上，男女老少各种肤色的民众争相入场。正如我们在视频上所看到的，奥巴马振臂一呼，台下便会有千万“Yes, we can.”的响应。
奥巴马的演讲主题突出，又言简意赅；激情四射，又振奋人心。在媒体的宣传与烘托下，更赋予了奥巴马以政治明星的效应。而在当今的美国政坛中，能够拥有这样明星效果的政坛人物，恐唯有奥巴马。
二、 乐观诚恳的态度：
一开场，奥巴马就表明了鲜明的态度，几句简单的话语就点出了美国的团结与美国快节奏变化与发展的立场，一句“我们永远都是美利坚合众国”鸣起了在场所有人的共识。继而，他表现出了自己的胸襟与大度，感谢并赞叹麦凯恩议员为国家所做出的努力和贡献。同时，他还提及了他的家庭对他的肯定与支持，表达他对自己家庭的爱与亏欠。这样诚恳的态度怎能不让人为之动容。
另外，当他谈到自己从政经验略显单薄的问题时，他亦能坦率的承认，而并不过多加以解释。他告诉美国民众解决最实际问题的信心，诸如“两大战争”（处于危险中的星球和本世纪最严重的经济危机）；房子的贷款、医院的账单和孩子的学费。面对这些问题，奥巴马告诉人们，他将会注入新的能量、创造新的就业集会、建设新的学校、克服一切威胁与挑战。这样一位总统，怎能不让人心中诞生以希望。
奥巴马不同于布什政府的“单边主义”和“先发制人”，他独具的清新的政治形象已在不知不觉中弥补了资历上的欠缺，并负载了许多渴望改变命运的人们的梦想。
三、亲民的政治思想：
正如中国历史上的康熙和乾隆皇帝喜欢微服私访，奥巴马也喜欢走入民众的生活，探取民众的需求。奥巴马在参选议员时，曾驱车走访伊利诺伊州几乎所有的县城。奥巴马曾在他的书中回忆起这段让他受益匪浅的旅程时写到：“社区中心、俱乐部、教堂、工会大楼、汽车旅店、美容院，甚至于私人家庭的用餐室，几乎所有能去的地方我都去了；我尽量不说话，只用心倾听他们的新生，不管对方是痛恨布什者，还是对民主党感到愤怒这，我都会认真地听取他们的意见。” 多年来，奥巴马一直谋求美国社会变革，赢得了大量民众的支持。他指出要供给人们的不仅仅是自由的生活，也要是一个有尊严、机会、安全和正义的生活。他不仅提出详尽中产阶级减税计划，增加对富人征收社会保险税，还公开抨击华尔街投资者只在乎个人利益而不顾他人疾苦的价值标准。奥巴马美国工会组织领导人说，奥巴马了解工人的生活，比其他政治家更愿意慎重思考如何帮助他们解决困难。
四、 充分的竞选准备：
1、大选题的精巧设定
美国人现今正处在反恐、防扩散、伊战和大量国内问题的压力中，奥巴马此时呼吁结束伊拉克战争、主张和平的鲜明政策立场自然会赢得人们的支持。并且，奥巴马提出了与当年肯尼迪一样的主张，希望能够招揽跨党派人才入阁，这样开放型的政策亦是让人们满怀期待。此外，奥巴马暗暗努力缩小在政策方面与希拉里的分歧，从而充实他描绘的令人憧憬的前景：他强调美国必须提供机会，其做法不是闭关锁国，而是支持教育和创新。这样一来，年轻人吧他看作是一位能够促进团结以解决问题的领袖，奥巴马轻松地得到了广大青年的选票。
2、充分利用网络技术
此次奥巴马充分利用网络的便利，向美国一些大型网站传送他的视频讲话借以提升他的形象，这使得现在选民对他的期望值很高。此外，网络为奥巴马大选筹款提供了一个良好的平台，为他取得成功做出了卓越的贡献。2月份，他得到的捐款达到5500万美元，打破了美国大选史上参选人或候选人的单月筹款纪录；而且很多人是青年学生与底层选民，每次刷卡只有二三十美元，但可以刷了再刷。如果100万人平均每人捐献50美元，总数就达5000万元。简而言之，网络这种方式使奥巴马代表了一种想改变美国政坛的新鲜形象，为奥巴马的成功做出了巨大的贡献。
五、良好的竞选技巧：
1、淡化种族歧视
在竞选初期，无论在什么场合，奥巴马都避免渲染自己“非洲裔美国人”的背景，而注重强调自己是改革和新生力量的代表。这种超然的定位使他从一开始就得到了相当一部分白人的支持。尽管有些黑人开始对他持保留态度，但当他赢得一连串初选之后，黑人选民开始感到，也许黑人当选总统的机会真的来到了。
在这次奥巴马的竞选演讲中，他通过谴责莱特的言论争取到了白人选民的支持；但他又直面种族歧视的存在，以防割裂与黑人社区的关系，失去黑人的支持。最重要的是，他将“消除种族歧视，团结美国力量”变成了一种所有选民的共同认同。
2、弥合分歧与分裂
“这里没有一个自由派的美国，也没有一个保守派的美国，这里只有一个美利坚合众国。这里没有一个黑色美国和一个白色美国、拉丁裔美国、亚裔美国，这里只有一个美利坚合众国。”
奥巴马将自己描绘成一个“大熔炉”造就的人，身上具有所有美国人的特点，同时自己也是新美国人，凝聚了人心，避免了分裂。
3、打与林肯和肯尼迪相似牌
在奥巴马的演讲中，我们多次听到他提出和林肯与肯尼迪相同观点的话语，以此来提高自己的声誉，获取民众的肯定与支持。
成功需要合力
——奥巴马带来的启示
成功绝非偶然，即将上任的美国新总统奥巴马便是明证。
一个出生于夏威夷的黑人，在单亲家庭长大，成长过程算得上“颠沛流离”，但就是他，改写了美国从未有过黑人总统的历史，成为全世界瞩目的一个传奇。尽管他上任后能否成为一个“成功”的总统还是未知数，但他能成为美国总统本身，已经浓墨重彩地诠释了“成功”二字。
有一个勇敢向上的母亲，是奥巴马最大的幸运。在奥巴马2岁的时候，他与母亲邓纳姆被生父遗弃，她没有抱怨，日后还以奥巴马继承了生父的智慧为荣；在奥巴马10岁的时候，母亲又遭遇与继父的离异，还添了一个孩子，但无论生活怎样艰辛，邓纳姆都不灰心。她不仅省吃俭用供孩子上最好的学校，自己也学习不辍，在日常生活最困难的时候，她还在攻读人类学博士学位。与她重视孩子教育同样重要的,是她自己的言传身教——人只要不放弃自己，就可以承受任何挫折，就可以实现或靠近自己的梦想。
奥巴马自身奋斗不息、乐于奉献也善于抓住机遇，是他成为今日
的奥巴马的另一重要原因。在大学毕业两年后的1985年，奥巴马来到芝加哥主动从事一般年轻人看来是“毫无建树”的社区工作。但这看似“不起眼”的两年，给奥巴马奠定了了解社会和民众以及日后树立口碑的基础。
没有明显的“污点”，是在政治上成功的必要条件。奥巴马于1991年获得哈佛法学博士学位，此后当律师兼任大学老师、竞选伊利诺伊州参议员等，他在生活的阶梯上不断“往上”之余，没有留下任何可供别人挑剔的“硬伤”。一直到2004年，他被选定在民主党全国代表大会上进行主题演讲，他在演说中提出消除党派分歧、种族分歧，并实现“一个美国”的梦想。准备充足且激情澎湃的演说令他“一炮而红”，当年11月借势当选为联邦参议员。此后他也表现得积极而抢眼。2007年2月，他宣布竞选总统，围绕“变革”的主题，一路过关斩将，终于走到今天。
客观条件的机缘凑巧也很重要。美国社会从废除奴隶制到民权运动，黑人的“边缘地位”逐渐得以改变。本世纪初以来美国有数部影视作品，其“总统”均为黑人，这也暗示着强调发展多元文化的美国，已经逐渐具备了接受一位黑人总统的社会基础。年轻帅气口才好且奋斗不止的奥巴马的出现，恰逢其时。
成功需要多种因素的合力作用，个人心怀梦想又能脚踏实地，方
This week in Libya, we lost four of our fellow Americans. Glen Doherty, Tyrone Woods, Sean Smith,and Chris Stevens were all killed in an outrageous attack on our diplomatic post in Benghazi.
在利比亚，这周我们是去了四位同胞，。。。。。。。。在班加西领事馆的恐怖袭击中全部丧命。
These four Americans represented the very best of our country.
这四位美国人正是我们国家最优秀的代表
Glen and Tyrone had each served America as Navy SEALs for many years, before continuing theirservice providing security for our diplomats in Libya. They died as they lived their lives – defendingtheir fellow Americans, and advancing the values that all of us hold dear.
。。。。在为驻利比亚外交官提供安全保障之前曾经在海豹突击队中为美国服役多年。他们生死斗为了保卫他们的同胞，和提升我们都珍视的价值
Sean also started his service in uniform, in the Air Force. He then spent years at the StateDepartment, on several continents, always answering his country’s call. And Ambassador ChrisStevens died a hero in two countries – here in the United States, where he inspired those of uswho knew him; and in Libya, a country that he helped to save, where he ultimately laid down hislife.
森也是军人，在美国空军开始服役。之后他数年都为国务院工作，并随时等待国家的召唤，足迹遍布几大洲。大使斯蒂夫成为两个国家的英雄，一个是在他鼓舞着知道他的人的美国，同时也在他帮助救助的并且最终在那里终结了生命的国家，利比亚。
美国驻利比亚大使-- Chris Stevens在两个国家都被尊为烈士—在美国，他们激励了每个认识他的人；在利比亚，他倾力帮助当地人民捍卫的国家，他奉献了自己的生命
On Friday, I was able to tell their families how much the American people appreciated their service.Without people like them, America could not sustain the freedoms we enjoy, the security wedemand, and the leadership that the entire world counts on.【奥巴马竞选总统演讲】
周五，我可以才告诉他们的家人美国人民多么感激他们的贡献。如果没有像他们这样的人，美国甚至不能延续维系我们现在享受的自由，我们需要的安全，和整个世界都依靠的领袖。As we mourn their loss, we must also send a clear and resolute message to the world: those whoattack our people will find no escape from justice.
We will not waver in their pursuit. And we willnever allow anyone to shake the resolve of the United States of America.
在我们为他们的趋势哀悼的时候，我们也必须向世界川大这样一个清晰而坚定地信息，这些袭击我们的暴民绝没有藏身之地。我们不会在他们的追求中踌躇我们将坚定不移的追捕他们。我们也绝不会语序任何人撼动美利坚的决心
This tragic attack takes place at a time of turmoil and protest in many different countries. I havemade it clear that the United States has a profound respect for people of all faiths. 这个悲痛的袭击发生在各种处在混乱和反抗时期的国家，我想确认（一直明确）的是美国对不同信仰的人们有着深厚的尊敬
We stand forreligious freedom. And we reject the denigration of any religion – including Islam.
我们支持宗教自由。我们反对对任何宗教形式的诋毁，包括伊斯兰教
Yet there is never any justification for violence. There is no religion that condones the targeting ofinnocent men and women. There is no excuse for attacks on our Embassies and Consulates. Andso long as I am Commander-in-Chief, the United States will never tolerate efforts to harm our fellowAmericans.
暴力在哪里都不会合法。没有任何宗教会宽恕袭击人们的行为。我们不接受任何袭击的借口。只要我还是总司令，美国就不会宽恕那些意图迫害我们同胞的行为
Right now, we are doing whatever we can to protect Americans who are serving abroad. We are incontact with governments around the globe, to strengthen our cooperation, and underscore thatevery nation has a responsibility to help us protect our people. We have moved forward with aneffort to see that justice is done for those we lost, and we will not rest until that work is done.
现在，我们正在做任何能保护在国外服役的美国同胞。我们与世界各地的政府取得联系，加强合作，并且强调任何国家都有帮助保护我们人民的责任。我们使失去的正义得到伸张的努力正在起效，我们一定会坚持不懈
Most of all, we must reaffirm that we will carry on the work of our fallen heroes.
I know the images on our televisions are disturbing. But let us never forget that for every angrymob, there are millions who yearn for the freedom, and dignity, and hope that our flag represents.That is the cause of America – the ideals that took root in our founding; the opportunity that drewso many to our shores; and the awesome progress that we have promoted all across the globe.
最重要的是，我们必须重申我们将继承我们逝去的英雄未完成的事业。
我知道电视里的画面让人不安，但是我们绝不能忘记对于每个愤怒的暴民，这里就有百万计的人们渴望正义，尊严和我们国旗所代表的希望是我们必须牢记，任何一个凶残的暴徒，都要面对几百万渴望我们的旗帜所代表的自由、尊严和希望的人民。那就是美国的事业，根植
与我们内心深处的理想，让无数人们来到我们海冰的机会，和那些我们使世界发生的令人敬畏的进步植根于我们立国之本的理想；吸引无数人们来到我国的机会；以及我们带给全世界的巨大进步
We are Americans. We know that our spirit cannot be broken, and the foundation of ourleadership cannot be shaken. That is the legacy of the four Americans we lost – men who will liveon in the hearts of those they loved, and the strength of the country they served.
So with their memory to guide us, we will carry forward the work of making our country stronger,our citizens safer, and the world a better and more hopeful place. Thank you. 我们是美国人，我们知道我们的精神不能被打败，我们领导的根基不能被动摇。那是我们失去的思维美国同胞的遗赠——将活在他们所爱的人心里人们和,他们为之奉献的国家的力量 （他们将永远活在他们热爱的人们的心中，在他们奉献的国力的护卫下。）
所以在他们的记忆领导下，我们将继承使我们国家更强，国民更安全，世界更美好的遗志
This week in Libya, we lost four of our fellow Americans. Glen Doherty, Tyrone Woods, Sean Smith, and Chris Stevens were all killed in an outrageous attack on our diplomatic post in Benghazi.
本周在利比亚，我们失去了四位同胞。Glen Doherty, Tyrone Woods, Sean Smith, 和 Chris Stevens，他们因疯狂的攻击，在班加西的外交岗位上以身殉职。
These four Americans represented the very best of our country.
他们四人代表了我们国家最光辉的一面。
Glen and Tyrone had each served America as Navy SEALs for many years, before continuing their service providing security for our diplomats in Libya. They died as
they lived their lives – defending their fellow Americans, and advancing the values that all of us hold dear.
Glen 和 Tyrone都在美国海军的海豹突击队服役多年， 此后在驻利比亚大使馆从事安全保卫工作。他们生死都死为了保卫他们的同胞，推进我们珍惜的价值。
Sean also started his service in uniform, in the Air Force. He then spent years at the State Department, on several continents, always answering his country’s call. And Ambassador Chris Stevens died a hero in two countries – here in the United States, where he inspired those of us who knew him; and in Libya, a country that he helped to save, where he ultimately laid down his life.
Sean最初也是军人，在空军服役。后来在国务院工作多年，他总是听出国家的召唤，足迹遍及几大洲。美国驻利比亚大使-- Chris Stevens在两个国家都被尊为烈士—在美国，他们激励了每个认识他的人；在利比亚，他倾力帮助当地人民捍卫的国家，他奉献了自己的生命。
On Friday, I was able to tell their families how much the American people
appreciated their service. Without people like them, America could not sustain the freedoms we enjoy, the security we demand, and the leadership that the entire world counts on.
在周五，我们才告诉他们的家属我们是如何感谢他们的奉献。没有他们这样的人，美国无法维系我们享受的自由，我们需要的安全和全世界依靠的领导作用。
本文来源：http://www.gbppp.com/fw/421858/
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