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李克强2015夏季达沃斯座谈双语摘录
李克强达沃斯座谈双语摘录及特色词汇总结
原创 2015-09-10 英语点津 中国日报网双语新闻
国务院总理李克强9日下午在大连国际会议中心同出席第九届夏季达沃斯论坛的中外企业家代表举行对话交流。实录如下：
李 克强：尊敬的施瓦布主席，女士们、先生们，祝贺世界经济论坛新领军者年会在大连召开。这已经是第九届年会了，无论在前排还是后排都有很多熟悉的面孔、许多 老朋友。因为场地有限，很难和大家一一握手问候。但是你们能来到这个论坛，说明你们对中国关心，也愿意参与中国的现代化建设。我很高兴和大家见面，因为每 次参加这个年会总会得到一些新的信息，特别是这次的主题是“描绘增长新蓝图”，我也愿意就此同大家分享和交流。
Li Keqiang: Professor Schwab, ladies and gentlemen, let me first send my congratulations on the opening of the ninth Annual Meeting of the New Champions in Dalian. It's good to see so many familiar faces and old friends in the audience. As the place is so packed today, it's difficult for me to walk into the audience and shake hands with each one of you. But I do appreciate the interest you have shown in China by coming to the meeting and your participation in China's modernization process. I am very happy to meet you here, because each time I come to the annual meeting, I get some new food for thought. The theme of the annual meeting this year –Charting a New Course for Growth–is highly relevant. I look forward to sharing my views and observations with you on this topic.
李克强：国际金融危机爆发至今已经7年了，目前世界经济仍然增长乏力。中国经济也的确受到下行的压力。大家都很关心中国的经济形势，我认为，中国的经济形势可以说是“形有波动，势仍向好”。这是因为今年上半年中国经济增长7%，在世界主要经济体中居前列。
Li Keqiang: It has been seven years since the global financial crisis broke out. Global growth remains sluggish. It's true that the Chinese economy has come under downward pressure. I know that you all follow the Chinese economy very closely. The "shape" of the economy is that there have been some ups and downs, but the underlying trend remains positive. In the first half of this year, the Chinese economy expanded by 7%, which is one of the highest among the world's major economies.
我曾经说过，只要有比较充分的就业，与GDP同步增长的居民收入和不断改善的环境，这样的发展速度就是我们能够接受的。反过来讲，今年上半年城镇调查失业率在5.1%左右，新增城镇就业人数在700万以上，这也证明了中国经济运行保持在合理区间。
I have said on several occasions, a GDP growth that secures sufficient employment, increase in household income in step with GDP growth and improvement in the environment would be one that we can live with. In the first half of this year, surveyed urban unemployment rate was
around 5.1%. And we added over 7 million urban jobs. All these show that the Chinese economy has been running within the proper range.
可以说，经济增长的新动能，就是我们在致力推动的大众创业、万众创新。通过推动商事制度等改革和“双创”，去年以来，我们平均每天新增市场主体一万家以上，而且经济结构也在发生着向好的变化。比如说，消费对经济增长的贡献率已达60%，服务业占GDP的比重已提高到50%，高技术产业增速超过1O%。这些新的变化是我们努力推动并乐于看到的。
Talking about new drivers of economic growth, we are encouraging mass entrepreneurship and innovation. Thanks to business registration reform and other reforms as well as mass entrepreneurship and innovation, over 10,000 new market entities are registered on an average daily basis since last year. There are also positive changes in the economic structure. For instance, consumption is contributing about 60% to China's economic growth. The service sector now accounts for almost 50% of GDP. Growth of high-tech industries is over 10%. All these are the changes we have been promoting, and we feel heartened by these developments.
当 前中国经济运行可以说是缓中趋稳，一方面稳中向好，但另一方面稳中也有难。因为我们正在努力推进以结构性改革带动结构调整。在这个过程中，由于发展动能转 换，一些经济指标在月度、季度间发生波动是难免的。不仅今年有，去年、前年也都有，但中国经济仍然处于合理区间。我们将坚持宏观政策的基本取向，继续下力 气推动改革开放，推动结构调整。当然，我们也会加强区间调控、定向调控、相机调控，保持经济在合理区间平稳运行，为结构性改革和结构调整创造条件。
There has been overall stability in China's economic performance, despite certain moderation in speed. The overall trend is positive, yet there are also difficulties to overcome. We are pressing ahead with structural reform to advance structural adjustment. As the traditional growth drivers get replaced by new ones, it is only natural to see fluctuations in some of the economic indicators on a monthly or quarterly basis. This has happened this year, last year and the year before last as well. The economy is still running within the proper range. We will stick to the basic orientation of our macroeconomic policy. We will continue to advance reform and opening-up, and promote structural adjustment. We will also step up ranged-based, targeted and discretionary macro regulation to maintain steady economic growth within the proper range. All these will create enabling conditions for structural reform and adjustment.
我们不会随一些经济指标的短期波动而起舞，但也不会掉以轻心，而是适时适度预调微调，加大定向调控的力度。中国人民有智慧、中国政府有能力保持经济中高速增长、迈向中高端水平，对此我们是有信心的。说到G20会议明年在中国举行，它的议题正在讨论中，中国将会发挥建设性作用。
We will not be swayed by short-term fluctuations in certain economic indicators, but we will not take them lightly either. We are prepared to undertake preemptive adjustment and fine-tuning as appropriate, and step up targeted macro regulation. I am confident that the Chinese people have the wisdom and the Chinese government has the capability to maintain medium-high speed of growth and achieve medium-high level of development. The G20
summit is going to be held in China next year. The agenda is still being discussed among the parties. China will play a constructive role in this process.
李克强：最近国际金融市场发生新的波动，这也是2008年国际金融危机的延续。中国资本市场，特别是股市在今年6、7月 份也发生异常波动，有关方面采取措施稳定市场，是为了防止风险的蔓延。现在可以说防范住了可能发生的系统性金融风险。这样做不是要代替或削弱市场功能，这 是国际通行的做法，也符合中国国情。下一步，我们会继续推进发展多层次资本市场，而且要坚持市场化和法治化的方向，努力培育公开透明、长期稳定健康发展的 资本市场。
Li Keqiang: There have been new fluctuations on the global financial markets recently. They are a continuation of the 2008 global financial crisis. Last June and July, there were also unusual fluctuations on China's capital market. Relevant Chinese authorities took steps to stabilize the market to prevent any spread of risks. Now we can say that we have successfully forestalled potential systemic financial risks. This is not to replace or weaken the role of the market. What we did is common international practice and is in keeping with China's national conditions. Going forward, we will continue to develop a multi-tiered capital market in China and pursue a market-driven and law-based approach in this process. The purpose is to establish an open and transparent capital market of long-term, steady and healthy growth.
至于说到中国政府债务，风险是可控的，因为债务水平还比较低，中央政府的债务不到GDP的20%，地方政府债务中70%以上是投资性的、有回报的。何况我们现在还在规范地方债务的发行，开正门、堵后门。应该说，有人对中国政府债务可能引起大的风险的担忧是多虑了。当然，我不是否定你刚才对中国政府债务问题疑虑的提问。中国人的哲学观念也是对所有的事情都要居安思危。
On China's government debt, the risks are under control. China's government debt is still at quite a low level. The central government debt is below 20% of GDP, and over 70% of local government debts take the form of investment with returns. And we are taking steps to regulate issuance of local government bonds to keep the front door open and block back doors, so to speak. Those who are concerned that China's government debt may bring serious risks are worrying too much. Having said that, I don't mean to question if there is a need for you to raise this issue, because for the Chinese, our philosophy is that one should always be mindful of potential dangers even in times of peace.
关 于金融体制改革，中国会继续推进，因为这也是中国维护金融稳定的需要，是中国对外开放的需要。譬如，最近我们在降息降准的过程中就放开了一年期以上存款利 率的上限，我们还会放宽民营银行准入，包括外资有序地进入和中方的合作等等，这些措施都会陆续推出。总的来说，改革的方向不会变，改革的步伐不会停。当 然，改革的步骤是循序渐进的。
We will press ahead with the financial reform. This is critical for China's financial stability and opening-up. For example, while the central bank cut interest rates and the required reserve ratio recently, we lifted restrictions on the interest rate ceiling for fixed term deposits above
one year. We will ease market access for private banks, including orderly introduction of foreign investors into the financial sector and their partnerships with Chinese counterparts. China will not waver in its commitment to pursuing the reform, nor will the reform grind to a halt. But, the reform will be conducted in a step-by-step way.
李克强：我想说明一个事实，自本届政府成立以来，人民币实际有效汇率已经上升了15%。 由于近来许多国家的货币兑美元大幅下跌，国际市场的走势使我们调整了人民币汇率中间价报价机制，但也只是小幅微调。如果算总账，本届政府成立至今，人民币 兑美元的实际有效汇率还是有比较大幅度上升的。坦率地讲，人民币汇率小幅回调以后，目前已基本保持稳定。人民币不存在持续贬值的基础。因为中国经济运行在 合理区间，我们有比较充足的外汇储备，而且货物贸易的顺差还在增加，这都表明人民币汇率能够在合理、均衡的水平上保持基本稳定。只是有的时候，用中国的话 讲，“躺着也会中枪”。
Li Keqiang: I wish to draw your attention to one fact: Since the formation of this government, the real effective exchange rate (REER) of the RMB has appreciated 15%. As many currencies significantly depreciated against the dollar recently, developments on the international markets compelled us to adjust the quotation regime of the RMB central parity. Yet it was a small adjustment. Overall, the REER of the yuan has appreciated by a large margin during the term of this government. The truth is, after the small adjustment, the RMB exchange rate is now basically stable. There is no basis for continued depreciation of the RMB, because the Chinese economy has been operating within the proper range, we have ample foreign exchange reserves, and surplus of trade in goods has been rising. All these show that the RMB exchange rate can stay basically stable at an adaptive and equilibrium level. Yet as the Chinese often say, in some circumstances, one may get caught up in the middle of something unrelated.
我 们不希望通过人民币贬值来刺激出口，这不符合我们结构调整的方向，我们更不愿意看到世界上发生“货币战”。中国作为一个同世界经济高度融合的主要经济体， 如果真的发生了“货币战”，对中国只有害、少有利。举个例子，人民币汇率小幅回调以后，我曾经问过有关部门和主营出口的企业，他们都希望人民币汇率保持合 理均衡水平上的基本稳定。因为如果市场有一个持续贬值的预期，企业连出口长单都拿不到。这怎么能够有利于中国的出口呢？
We have no intention to boost exports by devaluing the yuan. This is not in keeping with our policy of structural adjustment. Still less do we want to see a global "currency war". As the Chinese economy has become so highly integrated into the global economy, a "currency war" would only bring more harm than good to China. As a matter of fact, after the small adjustment of the exchange rate, I once talked about this with relevant departments and some export-oriented firms in China. They said they hope the RMB exchange rate will remain basically stable at a reasonable and balanced level. Should there be market expectations of continued depreciation of the yuan, these companies could hardly get any long-term export order. How could this be beneficial for China's exports?
大家都知道，中国对外贸易中，大宗商品贸易占很大比重。今年1到8月份，中国进口的原油是2.2亿吨，比去年同期增长了10%，大豆进口同比增长了7%，铁矿石进口与去年同
期基本持平，进口了6亿多吨。但是大宗商品进口价格下来了，有的下跌了40%、50%， 这给我们也带来了影响。关税下来了，财政收入受到较大压力。但是国际市场价格不是我们能决定的，我们进口量没有下来，由于价格下降导致进口额减少，应该由 谁来负责？我想大家可以进行讨论。大家都知道，如果国际市场大宗商品价格有所回升，我们进口关税也可以多征收，这能够用于改善我们的民生。同时，PPI也会有变化，这对企业利润、经营效益的改善是有利的，当然这需要各方共同努力。
As you know, commodity trade takes up a large part in China's total foreign trade. Between January and August this year, China imported 220 million tons of crude oil, up by 10% over the previous year. Soy bean imports rose by 7%, and iron ore imports were over 600 million tons, more or less the same as last year. However, commodity prices have dropped significantly, with some plunging 40-50%. We have been affected as a result. There were less tariffs and hence the strains on China's public finance. But commodity prices are not something for us to decide. Total import volume has not declined, yet the value of imports has come down as a result of falling prices. Who should be held accountable for this? It is a topic that can be further discussed and debated. If international commodity prices rebound, we would get more import tariffs. This would mean more public money to spend on improving people's lives. There would be change in the PPI too, which is beneficial for improving corporate profitability and performance. This is an issue that requires joint efforts for a solution.
至于人民币的国际化，将由市场来选择，也要根据中国经济发展的实际来推进，它有一个过程，我们也会逐步推进人民币资本项下可兑换等措施。但有一点可以肯定，人民币持续贬值一定是不利于人民币国际化的，这不是我们的政策取向。中国愿意加入SDR，不仅是为了人民币逐渐实现国际化，也是尽一个发展中大国应尽的国际责任。中国不是世界经济风险之源，而是世界经济增长的动力之源。
As for internationalization of the RMB, it should be a market-driven process. It needs to fit China's reality of economic development and will take some time. We will gradually achieve full convertibility of the RMB under capital accounts. One thing is certain: a continually devaluing RMB is not conducive to the RMB internationalization process. This is not our policy orientation. China wishes to join the SDR, not just for making the RMB more internationalized, but also for fulfilling China's due international responsibilities as a big developing country. China is not a source of risks for the global economy; China is a driver of world economic growth.
李克强：中国利用外商投资总的政策不会变，但具体政策确实在变化，而且是在向更多吸引外资、放开更宽领域的方向变化。比如今年我们继续扩大外资投资的领域，限制类条目取消了50%，为了推动外资投资的便利化，我们把核准制基本上改为了备案制，大概现在保留的需要核准的项目也只有不到5%。同时，我们正在探索以准入前国民待遇加负面清单的管理模式，推进中美、中欧投资协定的审议，同很多国家进行FTA谈判。可以说，外资进入中国的领域会更为宽广，方式会更为便利。我们吸引外资的能力实际上也在增强，在全球今年投资不佳的情况下，中国上半年吸引外资还增长了7.7%。
Li Keqiang: On the whole, there has been no change in China's overall policy on FDI. But in
2016届高考政治备考
热点专题三：2015年夏季达沃斯论坛
李克强在致辞中表示，当前，，世界经济仍然复苏乏力，作为与国际市场密切关联的经济体，中国不可能独善其身，现在总的走势是缓中趋稳、稳中向好，但稳中有难，总体上机遇大于挑战。近两个月，虽然有的指标出现下滑或波动，但前期采取的一系列政策措施正在逐步见效，经济运行中的积极因素在增多，经济稳定的基本面没有改变，可谓形有波动，势仍向好。我们有能力实现今年中国经济社会发展主要目标任务。
李克强强调，中国经济进入新常态，未来会更好，这是有基础、有条件、有动力的。新型工业化、信息化、城镇化、农业现代化进程处在深入推进阶段，中国地域幅员辽阔且产业类型多样，东方不亮西方亮、这业不兴那业兴，经济具有很强的抗冲击能力和韧性。我们将通过推进结构性改革，实施创新驱动发展战略，努力把经济潜在增长率充分挖掘出来，保持经济中高速增长、迈向中高端水平。
李克强指出，金融领域改革总的是按市场化、法治化方向继续稳步推进，要积极培育公开透明、长期稳定健康发展的资本市场，加强和完善风险管理，坚决守住不发生区域性系统性金融风险的底线。年底之前，将建成人民币跨境支付系统，以利于人民币离岸市场更好地发展，支持中国装备走出去。
李克强表示，中国最重要的结构性改革是激发全体人民的无穷创造力，推动大众创业、万众创新。“双创”不仅是推动发展的强大动力、扩大就业的有力支撑、发展分享经济的重要推手，也是收入分配模式的创新、促进社会公正的有效途径。推动“双创”，需要全面、可及性强的公共产品、公共服务供给，这也要靠结构性改革。我们将通过推广政府购买社会服务、政府与私营资本合作、特许经营等市场化办法，合力提供比较充裕的公共产品、优质高效的公共服务，使创业创新过程更顺畅、经济发展之路更通畅，人民生活水平更提高。
李克强指出，国际金融危机以来的实践证明，单靠量化宽松政策难以解决制约增长的结构性障碍，着眼点还要放在做强实体经济上。这需要各国对内推进结构性改革，对外加强国际合作。我们提出建设“一带一路”，开展国际产能合作，就是要重塑有利于发挥各国比较优势、更加均衡和普惠的全球产业链，打造互利共赢、包容共进的世界发展和利益共同体。目前世界各国处在不同发展阶段，通过国际产能合作，不仅可以有效对接各方供给与需求，而且可以用供给创新带动需求扩大，是一举多得、三方共赢之道。中国愿在其中发挥承上启下的桥梁和纽带作用，建议各方将国际产能合作纳入双边多边合作机制框架，加强协调、共同促进。
达沃斯之争的背后
2007年9月，在大连举办的第一届夏季达沃斯，已成回忆。今年9月下旬，将在天津举办的第二届夏季达沃斯，又是箭在弦上。而两届“武林大会”间的空档期，则是中国若干个城市围绕着永久承办权争夺的静水深流。
“现在人们说夏季达沃斯，还是以那个瑞士小镇命名的。我在想，几年以后，能不能叫夏季大连„„”，说话的是大连万达集团股份有限公司董事长王健林。作为这个城市颇具代表性的企业家，王和大连市政府一样，公开而热切地表达，让夏季达沃斯永久落户大连的想法。甚至，他们已经开始行动。在大连东港区，一个叫达沃斯会议中心的建筑，正由王健林的企业筹建中。
而与大连同处环渤海经济圈的另一座城市——天津，正在紧锣密鼓地筹备第二届夏季世界经济论坛——“2008天津夏季达沃斯论坛——新领军城市 新领军者年会”。这个两年前获得国家滨海新区开发开放政策的城市，在今年夏天短短47天里，即有5位中央政治局常委来此视察工作。天津，携政策之威，当仁不让地将自己视为中国的新领军城市，同样图谋着夏季达沃斯的永久承办权。
不论是大连、天津，还是其它觊觎夏季达沃斯承办权的中国城市，都无一例外地将达沃斯视为一张极尽精美的“城市名片”，希望它给城市的发展带来魔术般的改变。
达沃斯真有这样的魔力吗？
多城暗战
两年多前，大连和天津，都是在与中国十多个有实力的城市的奋勇争夺中，左冲右突才先后取得夏季达沃斯承办权的。
2006年6月，世界经济论坛组织在北京设立了办事处，并在自己的官方网站和国家发改委网站公开发布了拟于2007年9月，选择我国沿海城市举办“世界经济论坛全球行业峰会暨全球增长型企业年会”的招标信息。
被称为大连夏季达沃斯幕后推手的大连市贸促会会长李泊洲，接到了北京消息灵通私交的电话，“大连是不是可以关注一下？”李上网核实后，马上给大连市市长夏德仁写了报告：
达沃斯年会影响很大，号称“经济的奥林匹克”、“富人俱乐部”，吸收的是世界500强CEO这样的会员，如果能把这个会议吸引到大连召开的话，可以提高大连的知名度，加强大连对外的招商引资力度„„
夏德仁马上做了批复，“全力以赴”。
准备竞标标书的一个月中，大连所做的工作不亚于一个奥运会申办城市。空港情况，要提供前几年的客流量、承载能力。气象条件，不单要预测第二年的，还要提供前几年的。
这个过程中，负责竞标具体工作的李泊洲，忽然接到论坛方面的电话，“全世界CEO的航班，可能都先飞北京。到大连，还要再坐一小时飞机。达沃斯在大连举办，肯定不如天津交通方便。上千人，如何及时疏导到大连？过八九个小时后，你给我们答复。”
外事工作经验丰富的李泊洲当时就做了回答——
一、我们可以在北京国际机场，设一个联系协调办公室，负责各地从北京转机到大连的事务；二、改换机型。把小机型改换成大机型，因为来的世界500强的CEO要坐头等舱，或者商务舱；三、增加航班的密度；四、在北京保留一些预订的客房，
以便有一些欧美的来宾半夜到北京，可安排住宿。第二天一早登机，赶赴大连；五、如遇恶劣天气，飞机不能起飞，我们准备一个专列，所有人坐火车到大连。 对方很惊奇，“你们考虑得太周到了。”
与此同时，大连市长夏德仁亲自赴北京，拜访世界经济论坛组织的支持单位国家发改委和合作单位中国贸促会，表达大连申办“夏季达沃斯”的愿望和决心。 相比大连，天津得到消息更早更直接。
一位曾在天津开发区管委会工作的公务员,后到哈佛大学深造，毕业后就职世界经济论坛总部。他第一时间获知世界经济论坛将在中国选择一个城市举办夏季达沃斯的信息后，就把这个信息透露给了天津开发区管委会主管招商工作的副主任张军。 2002年，天津开发区曾举办过《商业周刊》论坛，深知会议经济的重要性。张军马上觉得这是一个很好的事情。他们最早决定以开发区的名义申请，不过世界经济论坛表示只能以城市名义主办。最终，信息上报到天津市领导，市领导同样非常感兴趣。
像大连和天津这样对申办夏季达沃斯主办权感兴趣，并参与竞标的还有深圳、青岛等十多个城市。天津、青岛、大连三个城市进入最后角逐，它们各有特色，大连基础设施环境较好，具有承办大型国际会展会议的经验；青岛品牌企业数量多；天津具有滨海新区国家级政策支持的吸引力。
2006年8月底，世界经济论坛的考察团，决定对天津、青岛、大连进行为期各一天的实地流程考察。
大连在考察答辩时，夏德仁向考察团转交了全国政协副主席、中企联会长陈锦华给世界经济论坛主席克劳斯·施瓦布先生的推荐信；考察团到天津开发区的时候，
时任天津市市长的戴相龙也在场。他曾以中国人民银行行长身份，参加过世界经济论坛在北京举行的地区和行业分会，和施瓦布算作故交。
“当时，就有人提出异议，天津是有上千万人口的大城市，不是中小城市，原来你们的标书上不是写着中心城区人口不能超过200万吗。达沃斯北京代表处的人，一时无言以答。”一位参与申办城市的工作人员回忆。
2006年9月29日，世界经济论坛组织召开新闻发布会，正式宣布，首届夏季达沃斯由大连承办，由天津承办第二届。
“大连2000年举办过APEC高官会，那时我们就有一些举办国际会议方案和预案。最后他们评价，大连的成功，除了大连的条件，大连市领导的重视，大连的气候，特别重要的是，大连有一个很懂国际事务的团队。”李泊洲总结说。
世界经济论坛一时的进退失据，乃至“破例”将天津作为第二届的主场，从一个侧面体现了达沃斯“入乡随俗”的一面。
“暗战”并未因此终结
首届夏季达沃斯结束后，世界经济论坛组织了一个对参会者的调查，“你是否愿意重新回大连？”70%以上的人做了肯定回答，超过世界经济论坛在全球各地举办的任何一个分会。
于是，在成功举办首届夏季达沃斯论坛后，大连即获得第三届夏季达沃斯的承办权。大连希冀的是能比肩瑞士达沃斯小镇，成为世界经济论坛永远的“双D”举办地之一。
大连和天津，这两个在头一轮申办夏季达沃斯中胜出的城市，在各自市政府的率领下，又为永久承办权而努力。
“大连的论坛办得这么好，让天津感到有压力。”参加大连夏季达沃斯时，天津前市长戴相龙感叹道，“我昨天和夏德仁市长讨论了一晚，就是向他学习成功经验。”
而在几次派人到大连学习夏季达沃斯的筹办经验的同时，“取得夏季达沃斯永久承办权”的想法在现任天津市长黄兴国心中已经落地生根。
早在今年2月，会见世界经济论坛执行董事兼首席运营官施耐德时，黄就表达过夏季达沃斯论坛长期落户天津的愿望。世界经济论坛东亚峰会，会见施瓦布，他再次明确提出天津想成为夏季达沃斯永久举办城市。
天津的意愿是，不能仅仅是一届或几届论坛的主会场，而是要打造“具有天津品牌的达沃斯论坛”。
“就像两个人谈恋爱，现在还只是说意向，还不可能谈房子多大平方米，要什么型号的车子。有意向的时候，再谈下一步。”天津夏季达沃斯论坛筹委会综合办公室项目经理张春明，以玩笑说明夏季达沃斯永久落户天津，还只是天津的单相思。“我们知道大连也在申请永久承办权，它们也许已经做了一些事情。”
“为了筹办这届论坛，无论在硬件上，还是软件上，我们都投入了大量的资金，来改造城市形象。如果能永久举办的话，我们的投入和产出比，我们的效益就能够实现最大化。一个城市来一轮，对于每一个城市，虽然是一种机会，但说实话，有一些城市可能没有这个经济实力。天津非常希望取得永久承办权，希望借助夏季达沃斯，来促进天津的发展。”张春明表达了他对永久承办权意义的理解。
“螳螂捕蝉，黄雀在后”。无论是拔取头筹的大连，还是紧随其后的天津，仍然有很多潜在的竞争对手。深圳、青岛、杭州、重庆、西安„„这些城市，也都对承办夏季达沃斯论坛充满念想。甚至，日本、韩国、印度等国家的城市也希望能有
李克强总理2015年夏季达沃斯论坛的演讲（一）
国务院总理李克强当地时间21日下午在瑞士达沃斯出席世界经济论坛2015年年会，并在全会上发表题为《维护和平稳定推动结构改革增强发展新动能》的特别致辞。
致辞全文如下：
Chinese PremierLi Keqiang delivers a keynote speech titled "Uphold Peace and Stability,Advance Structural Reform and Generate New Momentum for Development," atthe World Economic Forum (WEF) annual meeting in Davos, Switzerland, on Jan.21, 2015. Following is the full text of Li's speech:
维护和平稳定推动结构改革增强发展新动能
——在世界经济论坛2015年年会上的特别致辞
中国国务院总理李克强
（2015年1月21日，瑞士达沃斯）
Uphold Peaceand Stability, Advance Structural Reform and Generate New Momentum forDevelopment
Special Addressby Chinese Premier Li Keqiang
At the WorldEconomic Forum Annual Meeting 2015
Davos, 21January 2015
尊敬的施瓦布主席，
尊敬的索马鲁加主席，
尊敬的各位贵宾，
女士们，先生们，朋友们：
Professor Klaus Schwab,
President Simonetta Sommaruga,
Distinguished Guests,
Ladies and Gentlemen,
Dear Friends,
很高兴时隔5年再次来到达沃斯，出席世界经济论坛2015年年会。达沃斯小镇十分宁静祥和，但我们所处的世界却并不平静，国际社会需要应对新局势。我还听说，达沃斯曾经是治疗肺病的疗养地，因为盘尼西林的发明而转型。时至今日，达沃斯已经成为“头脑风暴”的智力中心，世界也需要新的“盘尼西林”来应对新挑战。
It gives me great pleasure to come to Davosagain after five years to attend the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2015.Davos is a town of peace and serenity, yet the world outside is not tranquil.We need to work together to shape the world in a new global context. I was toldthat Davos used to be a resort for recuperation from lung diseases, and thelater discovery of Penicillin changed that. Now it is a place for people togather and pool their wisdom for "brain-storm". Personally, I findthis more than relevant, because our world also needs new forms of"Penicillin" to tackle new challenges that have emerged.
毋庸讳言，当今世界远非太平，地区热点、局部冲突以及恐怖袭击等此起彼伏，对人类社会构成现实威胁；全球经济又复苏乏力，主要经济体走势分化，大宗商品价格反复波动，通货紧缩迹象更雪上加霜。不少人对世界前景抱有悲观情绪，认为不仅和平与安宁出了问题，发展也难见曙光。
Admittedly, the world today is by no means trouble-free.Regional hotspots, local conflicts and terrorist attacks continue to flare up,posing immediate threats to humanity. Global economic
recovery lacks speed andmomentum. Major economies are performing unevenly. Commodity prices are goingthrough frequent fluctuations. And signs of deflation have made the situationeven worse. In fact, many people are quite pessimistic about the future of theworld. They believe that the guarantee of peace is weak, and the prospect ofdevelopment is elusive. 有哲人说过，当问题出现的时候，不能用曾经制造问题的办法去解决它。老问题的解决，不能再从对抗、仇恨、封闭中谋答案；新问题的应对，更要在对话、协商、合作中找出路。我们要吸取历史经验，运用时代智慧，寻求各方利益的最大公约数。人类在艰难时刻，总是能激起突破困境的勇气，迸发出变革创新的力量。
A philosopher once observed that we cannot solveproblems by using the same kind of thinking we used when we created them.Indeed, old problems can no longer be solved by clinging to the outdatedmindset of confrontation, hatred and isolation. Dialogue, consultation andcooperation must be explored to find solutions to new problems. It is importantthat we draw lessons from history, and pool our collective wisdom to maximizethe convergence of interests among countries. Fortunately, in time of hardshipand trial, mankind have always been able to find the courage to get out of thepredicament and move ahead through change and innovation.
面对复杂的国际局势，我们主张要坚定维护和平稳定。今年是世界反法西斯战争胜利70周年。保持世界和平稳定，符合各国人民共同利益。二战后形成的国际秩序和普遍公认的国际关系准则，必须维护而不能打破，否则繁荣和发展也就无从谈起。国家间应摈弃冷战思维与零和游戏，“赢者通吃”是行不通的。任何地区热点和地缘冲突，都应坚持通过政治手段、以和平方式寻求解决。我们反对一切形式的恐怖主义。中国将继续走和平发展道路，维护地区稳定，无意与任何国家一争高下。世界各国都要像爱护自己的眼睛一样爱护和平，让文明理性正义之花开遍世界。
In a world facing complex internationalsituation, we should all work together to uphold peace and stability. This yearmarks the 70th anniversary of the victory of the world's anti-Fascist war. Touphold peace and stability serves the interests of all people in the world. Theworld order established after World War II as well as generally recognizednorms governing international relations must be maintained, not overturned.Otherwise, prosperity and development could be jeopardized. The Cold War andzero-sum mentalities must be abandoned. The "winner takes all"approach will not work. Regional hotspots and geopolitical conflicts must beresolved peacefully through political means. Terrorism, in all itsmanifestations, must be opposed. China remains committed to peacefuldevelopment and regional stability. And China has no intention to compete withother countries for supremacy. Peace in the world must be cherished the same aswe cherish our eyes, so that the achievements and benefits of civilization,including reason and justice, will prevail.
面对多元的世界文明，我们主张要共同促进和谐相处。文化多样性与生物多样性一样，是我们这个星球最值得珍视的天然宝藏。人类社会是各种文明都能盛开的百花园，不同文化之间、不同宗教之间，都应相互尊重、和睦共处。同可相亲，异宜相敬。国际社会应以海纳百川的胸怀，求同存异、包容互鉴、合作共赢。
In a world of diverse civilizations, we shouldall seek to live in harmony. Cultural diversity, like biodiversity, is a mostprecious treasure endowed to us on this planet. And human society is like agarden where all human civilizations blossom. Different cultures and religionsneed to respect and live in harmony with each other. While maintaining thenatural close ties among those with whom we see eye to eye, we also need torespect those with whom we disagree. Like the vast ocean admitting all riversthat run into it, members of the international community need to work
togetherto expand common ground while accepting differences, and seek win-win progressthrough inclusive cooperation and mutual learning.
面对多变的经济形势，我们主张要大力推动开放创新。国际金融危机爆发7年来的实践证明，唯有同舟共济，才能渡过难关。在相互依存的世界里，各国有权根据自己的国情制定经济政策，但是也应加强同其他国家的宏观政策协调，扩大利益汇合点，实现共同发展。欧洲有谚语讲：“面对变革之风，有人砌围墙，有人转风车。”我们倡导顺势而为，坚定不移推进自由贸易，旗帜鲜明反对保护主义，积极扩大区域经济合作，打造全球价值链，迎接新科技革命的到来。宏观政策固然重要，但结构性改革势在必行，这是国际社会的共识。尽管难度很大，但也应该坚持去做，这样才能形成全球创新合力，增强世界发展的新动能。
In a world facing volatile economic situation,we should all work to promote opening-up and innovation. What has happenedsince the outbreak of the international financial crisis seven years ago provesthat to work in unity is the surest way for countries to get over thedifficulties. We are all interdependent in this world. While we each have theright to adopt economic policies in line with national conditions, we need tostrengthen macro-policy coordination to expand the convergence of interests andachieve common development. An European proverb says, "when the wind ofchange blows, some build walls, while others build windmills." We need toact along the trend of our time, firmly advance free trade, resolutely rejectprotectionism, and actively expand regional economic cooperation. We need tobuild global value chains, and seize the opportunity of a new technologicalrevolution. While the international community agree on the importance ofmacro-policies to the economy, they also recognize the urgency to go ahead withstructural reform. Structural reform must be carried through no matter howdifficult it is, as it is an effective way to foster conditions conducive toglobal innovation and bring about new momentum for global development.
女士们，先生们！
Ladies and Gentlemen,【天津达沃斯】
我知道，与会者对中国经济前景很关注，或许有人担忧受到中国经济速度放缓的拖累，还有人担忧受到中国经济转型的冲击。因此，我想多介绍中国的情况。
I know you are all interested in the outlook ofthe Chinese economy. Some of you may even worry about the possible potentialimpact of China's economic slowdown and transition. To ease your concerns, letme spend more time today on what is really happening in China.
当前，中国经济发展进入新常态，经济由高速增长转为中高速增长，发展必须由中低端水平迈向中高端水平，为此要坚定不移推动结构性改革。
The Chinese economy has entered a state of newnormal. The gear of growth is shifting from high speed to medium-to-high speed,and development needs to move from low-to-medium level to medium-to-high level.This has made it all the more necessary for us to press ahead with structuralreform.
应当看到，中国经济增速有所放缓，既有世界经济深度调整的大背景，也是内在的经济规律。现在，中国经济规模已居世界第二，基数增大，即使是7%的增长，年度现价增量也达到8000多亿美元，比5年前增长10%的数量还要大。经济运行处在合理区间，不一味追求速度了，紧绷的供求关系变得舒缓，重荷的资源环境得以减负，可以腾出手来推进结构性改革，向形态更高级、分工更复杂、结构更合理的发展阶段演进。这样，中国经济的“列车”不仅不会掉挡失速，反而会跑得更稳健有力，带来新机遇，形成新动能。
It must be noted that the moderation of growthspeed in China reflects both profound adjustments in the world economy as wellas the law of economics. The Chinese economy is now
the second largest in theworld. With a larger base figure, a growth even at 7% will produce an annualincrease of more than 800 billion US dollars at current price, larger than a10% growth five years ago. With the economy performing within the reasonablerange and the speed of growth no longer taken as the sole yardstick, thestrained supply-demand relationship will be eased, the pressure on resourcesand the environment will be lowered, and more time and energy will be devotedto push forward structural reform. That means, the economy will enter a moreadvanced stage of development, with more sophisticated division of labor and amore optimized structure. If I could compare the Chinese economy to a runningtrain. What I want you to know is that this train will not lose speed ormomentum. It will only be powered by stronger dynamo and run with greatersteadiness, bringing along new opportunities and new momentum of growth.
刚刚过去的2014年，我们就是按照这个思路做的。面对下行压力，我们没有采取强刺激，而是强力推进改革，尤其是政府带头改革，大力简政放权，激发市场和企业的活力。全年GDP增长7.4%，在世界主要经济体中是最高的；城镇新增就业1300多万人，在经济放缓情况下不减反增，登记失业率、调查失业率都是下降的；CPI上涨2%，低于年初预期目标。事实说明，我们出台的一系列宏观调控政策是正确的、有效的。更重要的是结构性改革迈出新步伐。
In 2014, we followed exactly the afore-mentionedapproach. In the face of downward pressure, we did not resort to strongstimulus; instead, we vigorously pursued reforms, and the government in factled these reforms by streamlining administration and delegating power. This hasmotivated both the market and the business sector. GDP grew by 7.4% for thewhole year, the best among major economies in the world. Over 13 million newjobs were created in cities, with both registered and surveyed unemploymentrates lower than the previous year. That is, we achieved growth in employmentdespite the economic slowdown. CPI was kept at 2%, lower than the target set atthe beginning of the year. These outcomes prove that the host ofmacro-regulation measures China adopted have been right and effective. Moreimportantly, new progress has been made in advancing structural reform.
不可否认，2015年，中国经济仍面临较大下行压力。在这种情况下如何选择？是追求短期更高增长，还是着眼长期中高速增长，提升发展质量？答案是后者。我们将继续保持战略定力，实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策，不会搞“大水漫灌”，而是更加注重预调微调，更好实行定向调控，确保经济运行在合理区间，同时着力提升经济发展的质量和效益。 Needless to say, the Chinese economy willcontinue to face substantial downward pressure in 2015. What shall we choose todo under such circumstances? Shall we go for even higher growth for the shortterm, or for medium-to-high growth and a higher quality of development over thelong run? The answer is definitely the latter. We will maintain our strategicfocus and continue to pursue a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetarypolicy. We will avoid adopting indiscriminate policies. Instead, we will putmore emphasis on anticipatory adjustment and fine-tuning, do an even better jobwith targeted macro-regulation to keep the economy operating within thereasonable range, and raise the quality and performance of the economy.
我们正在采取有效措施防范债务、金融等潜在风险。中国储蓄率高达50%，能够为经济增长提供充裕资金。地方性债务70%以上用于基础设施建设，是有资产保障的。金融体制改革也正在推进。我在这里要向大家传递的信息是，中国不会发生区域性、系统性金融风险，中国经济不会出现“硬着陆”。
We are taking effective measures to fend offdebt, financial and other potential risks. China's high savings rate, which nowstands at 50%, generates sufficient funds for sustaining economic
growth.Besides, China's local debt, over 70% of which was incurred for infrastructuredevelopment, is backed by assets. And reform of the financial system is makingprogress. What I want to emphasize is that regional or systemic financialcrisis will not happen in China, and the Chinese economy will not head for ahard landing.
要看到，中国还是一个发展中国家，实现现代化还有很长的路要走。和平是中国发展的基础条件，改革开放和人民对幸福美好生活的追求是发展的最大动力。中国城乡和区域发展空间广阔，国内需求潜力巨大。以中高速再发展一、二十年，中国的面貌就会持续改善，也会给世界带来更多发展机遇。
It must be pointed out that China is still adeveloping country and still has a long way to go before achieving modernization.While peace is the basic condition for China's development, reform andopening-up along with our people's desire for a happy life constitute thestrongest impetus propelling development. The space of development in China'srural and urban areas and various regions is enormous, and the country'sdomestic demand will simply generate great potential of growth. Development atmedium-to-high speed for another ten to twenty years will bring even biggerchanges to China and create more development opportunities for the world.
中国经济要顶住下行压力，实现“双中高”，就需要对传统思维“说不”，为创新体制“叫好”，下决心推进结构性改革。要创新宏观调控，增添微观活力，调整城乡、区域和产业结构，促进比较充分的就业特别是年轻人的就业，改善收入分配和民生福祉。这需要付出艰辛努力，但是我们将不畏困难。只有沿着促改革、调结构的路子
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