【www.gbppp.com--节日知识】
1过年
在从前的农业社会里，中国人最重要的节日就是过年。对过去的一年来说，这是结束；对未来的一年来说， 这是开始。一进入腊月，街头巷尾就充满了过年的气氛，这种气氛要持续一个半月之久。大家不仅借着各种游乐节目来调剂一年来的辛劳，同时也在游乐中流露着一种乐观进取的精神。过年时，每家门上都贴上了春联，耀眼的红纸增加了人们的喜气，优美的字句提供了勉励。
Spring Festival
In China’s formerly agricultural society, Spring Festival was the most important holiday. It was the end of the previous year and the beginning of the next. When the twelfth month of the lunar year began, the happiness of new-year celebration pervaded the streets for a month and a half. People sought relief from the previous year’s scrolls were put on the doors of every family in Spring Festival: the shiny red scrolls increasing happiness and the rhythmic words giving encouragement.
2亚欧合作
中国有句古话：“相知无远近，万里尚为邻”。中国与亚洲各国山水相连， 共同铸就了灿烂的亚洲文明；古老而美丽的“丝绸之路”，谱写了中欧千年往来的美好篇章。中国与亚欧各国的互利合作正在步入下一个全新的阶段。中国将致力于同亚欧各国发展富有活力和长期稳定的全面合作关系，与亚欧各国相互支持，携手前进， 共创美好未来。
Euro-Asian Cooperation
In China, there is an old saying, “Long distances never separate close friends.” Linked and intertwined by mountains and rivers, China and other Asian countries have helped to build a splendid Asian civilization. The ancient Silk Road recorded great chapters in the history of exchange between China and Europe in previous millennia. Now, China and other Asian countries as well as European countries have marched into a brand-new ear of cooperation and mutual benefit. China will devote itself to building dynamic, stable, and long-term cooperation in various fields across Asia and Europe and marching forward, with other countries on the two continents, in a concerted effort to attain a brighter future.
3四合院
中国旧时家庭重视家庭成员间的长幼有序和伦理观念，其住宅为了适应这种需要建成了四合院。在高高的基地上，中间是正房，两边是厢房。房屋的分配按辈分的大小来决定，长辈住正房，晚辈住厢房。富贵人家的房屋也是四合院，只是院落较多而已。宫廷和寺庙，院落更大，一道一道地进去，更使人有种庄严高贵的感觉。随着时代的演变，现在中国都市里的房屋很多已经西化了，虽然住进了一排排的公寓，但是他们生活的方式仍然保持着过去的优良传统。
Quadrangle Courtyard
Quadrangle courtyards were designed by the Chinese to meet the needs both of
ancient family hierarchy and of concepts of civil ethics. The principal room in the courtyard is located in the middle, on a high foundation with wing-rooms on both sides. These rooms were distributed according to seniority in the family, with the elders living in the principal rooms and the juniors in the wing-rooms. The rich family used the same style of home with more rooms, which corresponded with the wealth of family. Even Chinese palaces and temples boast huge courtyards. To be entered one by one, and designed to fill the entrants with a sense of solemnity and nobleness. With the change of the times, many houses in Chinese cities have become westernized. Though living in the apartments, the Chinese still preserve their good traditional ways of living.
4文化沙漠
有人把香港说成是“文化沙漠”。 实际上，香港有着其独特的文化氛围。这座城市特殊的历史和地理因素造就了一种多样化的文化。香港的电影制作名列世界前茅。其流行歌曲在全球华人中有着广泛的影响， 而且还有八所知名的大学。每年一度由政府主办的艺术嘉年华为当地艺术家展示其独创性提供了一个广阔的平台，并鼓励更多人参与文化艺术创作，为中国的文化繁荣作出了许多创新和突破。
Cultural Desert
Hong Kong is called by some people a “cultural desert”. As a matter of fact, Hong Kong enjoys a unique cultural setting. The diversified culture of Hong Kong can be attributed to its special history and location. In terms of film-making, it ranks among the top locations in the world, and its pop songs have had an extensive influence among Chinese globally. Moreover, there are also eight well-known universities in Hong Kong. An annual art carnival hosted by the government has provided a broad stage for local artists to exhibit their originality and encouraged more people to get involved in the production of cultural and art works, thus fostering innovation and breakthrough for the prosperity of Chinese culture.
5婚姻
中国人称结婚为中国大事， 国为中国人的家庭观念很重，认为齐家是治国的根本。 中国感人不断告诉读书人，要想替国家做事，必须先把家庭治理好。中国人不仅把婚姻看成一男一女的结合，还把它当作社会的基础，是很庄重的事，一点也不能马虎。旧式的中国婚姻，并不是自己选择，而是由家长做主，还需要媒人的介绍。到了现代，婚姻由自己做主，但是仍要征求家长同意。
Marriage
Chinese people define marriage as a lifelong event, because they have a strong family ideal, with the belief that running a good family is the foundation for running the
country. Chinese ancients kept warning scholars that they should run their families well before they could work for the country. Therefore, Chinese people regard marriage not only as the union of a man and a woman, but also as the foundation of society, which should be treated with solemnity and without the least rashness. In old Chinese marriage arrangements, one didn’t choose his or her spouse, who was instead arranged by the parents with the help of matchmakers. In modern times, one chooses his or her own marriage partner, but still with the assent of the parents.
6.上海
上海是一座朝气蓬勃、充满活力、多姿多彩的国 际大都市。改革开放以来，上海变化之大令世人瞩目。经济高速发展，社会秩序稳定，人民安居乐业，呈现出一片繁华景象。今天，尽管上海还有着不少色彩斑斓的过去可以留恋和回味，但城市日新月异的面貌却使越来越多的人折服。浦西展示了上海的辉煌岁月，浦东展现了上海的美好前景。上海就像一轮红日，光芒四射，鲜艳夺目。 Shanghai
Shanghai is a dynamic, vigorous and versatile international metropolis. Since the adoption of the reform and opening-up policy, shanghai has witnessed tremendous changes which attracted worldwide attention. The economy is developing rapidly, social order is stable, and the people live and work in peace and contentment, presenting a scene of prosperity. Today, while Shanghai has many remnants of its colorful past for people to ponder over, its ever-changing outlook has filled more and more people with great admiration. Puxi exhibits the city’s glorious past, and Pudong unfolds its bright future. Shanghai is like a rising sun, shining with boundless radiance and brilliant color.
7.中国人的住宅
以前中国人在盖房子的时候，都要先请人看分水，看似迷信，也并非没有道理。按照中国人的想法，任何建筑物都不应该破坏大自然的和谐，而且要让建筑物和大自然融为一体。住在这种房子里的人，会觉得自己不是关在笼子里，而是生活在宁静的大自然里面。所以，中国人盖房子，通常都坐北朝南，以便接受冬天的阳光与夏日的清风。这种房子冬暖夏凉，住在里面非常舒服。
Chinese Housing
Chinese people used to invite experts to advise them in feng shui principle before building a house. It seems to be superstitious, but somehow makes sense. According to the Chinese people, no building should mar the harmony of the nature, but instead blend into nature. Those living in such houses would not feel confined in cages, but as if they were living in serene nature. Thus, Chinese house usually face the south so as to have warm sunshine in winter and cool breezes in summer. The house, warm in winter and cool in summer, is comfortable for accommodation.
8.苏州
苏州地处长江下游，气候温和，土地肥沃，再加上湖泊密布、水道纵横，自唐代以来就有“鱼米之乡”的美称。历史记载表明，早在两千多年前的春秋战国时期，这一带的渔业已经相当发达。苏州还是一个多水多桥、引人入胜的风光城市。居民住房前有街后临桥，水道、街坊相交处都建有桥梁。现存的宋代石刻“平江图”上注明的就有304座桥。
Suzhou
Situated in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and blessed with a mild climate, fertile and soil, and numerous lakes and waterways across the region, Suzhou has enjoyed a reputation as “a land of milk and honey” ever since the Tang Dynasty. Historical records show that the region was fairly advanced in fishery and farming in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States over 2000 years ago. Suzhou is a fascinating city of tourist attractions, dotted with bridges at the backdoors. Bridges are built wherever waterways and streets cross. The Map of Pingjiang District, a well-preserved city map from the Song Dynasty carved on a stone plate, indicated that during that period there were 304 bridges.
9.琴棋书画
中国人最懂得消遣，中国从前的读书人，闲暇时间以琴棋书画作为消遣。在中国人看来，艺术品的好坏，意味着作者人格的高低，所以弹琴、下棋、写字和绘画，都代表着一个人的修养。弹琴不是要做音乐家，而是随着美妙的琴声，进入一个辽阔的世界，净化自己的心灵。下棋不是为了胜负，而是磨练耐性和使人眼光远大。写字不仅是把字写漂亮，同时也是为了陶冶情操。绘画则是借着画面上的简单线条，表现自己的想象的世界。
Music, Chess, Calligraphy and Painting
Chinese people have the best idea about recreation. Scholars of ancient times enjoyed themselves through music, chess, calligraphy and painting in their leisure time. In the eyes of the Chinese people, the quality of the artifacts is a reflection of the character of the creator. Thus, playing musical instruments, playing chess, writing calligraphy or painting show one’s culture. By playing music, one does not aim to be a musician but to enter a broader world, purifying one’s soul in the beautiful music. By playing chess, one does not aim to be the winner but to cultivate patience and foresight. By calligraphy, one aims not only to write beautifully but also to improve his mind. Through painting, one expresses an imaginary world with simple lines.
10.杭州
杭州位于浙江省北部，是中国古老的风景名称。杭州不仅风景奇丽，名胜古迹众多，与杭州有关的传说和故事也甚为美丽动人。几千年过去了，杭州依然和以 前一样有吸引力。杭州是如此美丽，很多人在这都是留恋忘返。唐代诗人白居易写了很多赞美杭州西湖的诗。古意大利旅行者马可波罗在元代来到了中国，对杭州
异常喜爱，用他的话来说“杭州是全世界最美的城市。”
Hangzhou
Hangzhou, an ancient city renowned for its picturesque scenery, is situated in the northern part of Zhengjiang Province. Hangzhou has many scenic spots and historical sites as well as beautiful and moving legends and stories associated with it. Thousands of years have passed since the city was founded, yet Hangzhou is as attractive as ever. Hangzhou is so beautiful that many people are reluctant to leave it. Bai juyi, a famous poet during the Tang Dynasty, wrote many poems to describe the beauty of Hangzhou’s West Lake. Marco Polo, an ancient Italian traveler, came to China in Yuan Dynasty, and expressed great admiration for Hangzhou. In his own words, ”Hangzhou is the most beautiful city in the world.”
11长城
长城如同一条蛟龙，由东向西蜿蜒伸展，经过沙漠、草原、山脉、高原，全长约6700千米。长城是人类文明史上最伟大的建筑工程，它始建于2000多年前的春秋战国时期，秦朝统一中国之后连成万里长城。汉、明两代又曾大规模修筑。其工程这浩繁，气势这雄伟，堪称世界奇迹。如今当您登上昔日长城的遗址，不仅能目睹逶迤于群山峻岭之中的长城雄姿，还能领略到中华民族创造历史的大智大勇。
Just like a gigantic dragon, the Great Wall of China winds up and down across deserts, grasslands, mountains and plateaus, stretching approximately 6,700 kilometers from east to west across China. The Great Wall is one of the greatest architecture in the history of civilization and was built in the Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period over 2,000 years ago. Many parts of the wall were joined together after China’s unification in the Qin Dynasty and renovated in the Han Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty. They mystery of the construction and the grandeur of the project is a miracle in the world. Mounting the Great Wall today, you will marvel not only at the grand wall winding along the mountains and valleys, but at the great tenacity of the Chinese people in creating their unique history.
12酒和茶
酒和茶能给人增加生活情趣，可是不懂生活艺术的人，就享受不到这种情趣。饮酒喝茶都要慢慢品尝，细细玩味，才能得到美妙的感受。能有几样可口的小菜，两三位谈得来的朋友，大家聚在一起小斟，那真是人生乐事。至于喝茶，就是没有朋友陪伴，也可以一人独享。如果有一杯新茶，一卷好书，坐在那儿慢慢地享受，可能比做皇帝还自在呢。
相知无远近万里尚为邻
山东威海的朋友来信了，说他们的诗集《星辰》就要出版了，欣喜之情溢于字里行间。
他们感谢我和同学朱君对他们这本处女作所提出的修改意见，在信的结尾处，他们引用了唐代张九龄的诗句：相知无远近，万里尚为邻。由此，我想起我们的太平湖之行。
那年春天，我和朱君去黄山旅游，下山后为是否去太平湖的事发生了争执。正在各不相让之际，两位操着北方口音的人走上前：两位是否愿与我们同路，我们也想去太平湖，何不结伴同租一辆出租车？还可省去一半的路费。我们看看他俩，三十多岁，一胖一瘦，胖的说话豪爽，瘦的英俊挺秀，不像是心怀叵测的人，也就欣然应允了。【相知无远近,万里尚为邻】
途中我们断断续续地攀谈着。那胖者介绍说，他们是山东人，同一个海运公司工作，因常年在海上而特喜爱游玩陆地上的山水。谈吐中，得知他俩也爱好文学，感觉似乎又多了一份亲近。【相知无远近,万里尚为邻】
游完清澈如镜、奇丽秀美的太平湖，他们又答应帮我们购返程的车票。晚上，我们各自回自己的房间休息。望着天花板，我心里突然冒出一个问号：素不相识，就将购票的款给他们，是否有些轻率了。倘若他们&&原来朱君也没入睡。我将自己的疑虑告诉了他，他也感到不太放心。但事已至此，我们只好随时听着外面的动静。
第二天清晨，他们便来敲门，恐怕我们睡过了，耽误上车的时间。在返肥的车上，他们见我俩昏昏欲睡，便问我们：昨夜没有休息好吗？我和朱君尴尬地笑了。
分别时，我们互留了对方的地址和姓名。此后，我们一直用书信交往，友谊日深，竟成了莫逆之交。
1、友谊永远是美德的辅佐，不是罪恶的助手。——（罗马）西塞罗
2、用蜜来诱你的不是好朋友，忠言逼谏你的才是好朋友
3、礼尚往来。——《礼记。曲礼》
4、知音世所稀。——（唐）孟浩然
5、把友谊归结为利益的人，我以为是把友谊中最宝贵的东西勾销了。——（罗马）西塞罗
6、从另一个人的诤言中所得来的光明，比从他自己的理解力、判断力中所得出的光明更干净纯粹（英国）
7、士为知已者死
8、善养生者：食不过饱，饮不过多；冬不极温，夏不极凉。
9、落地为兄弟，何必骨肉亲。——陶潜
10、真实的十分理智的友谊是人生最美好的无价之宝。——（前苏）高尔基
11、蔗味老弥甘，交情久更挚。——袁牧
12、骄傲与失败挂钩，虚心与进步交友；懒惰和愚昧相亲，奋斗跟胜利握手。——格言
13、只有不倚赖朋友，不苛求朋友，才可享受到交友的快乐。——佚名
14、友情在我过去的生活里就像一盏明灯，照彻了我的灵魂，使我的生存有了一点点光彩。——巴金
15、朋友，以义合者。——（宋）朱熹
16、君子上交不诌，下交不渎。——《周易》
17、友谊中的小争吵如在食物中加些胡椒粉一样好（匈牙利）
18、多交朋友主要不是靠头脑灵活，而是靠心地善良、单纯。
19、人之相识，贵在相知，人之相知，贵在知心。——（春秋）孟子
20、选择朋友要慢，改换朋友要更慢。
21、我有清风高节在，知君不负岁寒交。
22、人生最美好的，就是在你停止生命时，也还能以你所创造的一切为人民服务。——奥斯特洛夫斯基
23、冤家宜解不宜结，各自回头看后头。——（明）冯梦龙
24、宴笑友朋多，患难知交寡——蒲松龄
25、交朋友时不应该做生意。
26、未言心相醉，不再接杯酒。——（晋）陶渊明
27、亲戚是不可选择的，而朋友却可以。——德•利勒
28、我既找不到一个完全献身于我的朋友，我就必须有些能以其推动力克服我的惰性的朋友。——卢梭
29、大丈夫处世处，当交四海英雄。——《三国志。蜀书。刘巴传》【相知无远近,万里尚为邻】
30、夫大寒至，霜雪降，然后知松柏之茂也。——《淮南子》
31、情深恭敬少，知已笑谈多
32、如果你想交朋友，请先为别人做些事。
33、今日乐相乐，别后莫相忘。——（三国）曹植
34、善良的心，是最好的法律。——默克黎
35、永远都不要停止微笑，即使是在你难过的时候，说不定有人会因为你的笑容而爱上你。我现在正在看你的微笑，然后……。。。。。？！！！！！
36、真正的朋友，在你获得成功的时候，为你高兴，而不捧场。在你遇到不幸或悲伤的时候，会给你及时的支持和鼓励。在你有缺点可能犯错误的时候，会给你正确的批评和帮助。——（前苏）高尔基
37、周围都有好朋友的人，比四面楚歌的人不知幸福多少。——卡内基夫人
38、与朋友交，言而有信。——（春秋）子夏
39、所谓友谊，就是一颗心在两个身体里。
40、君子交绝，不出恶声。——《战国策》
41、交情老更亲。——（唐）杜甫
42、婴其呜矣，求其友声。——《诗经。小雅》
43、谁要求没有缺点的朋友，谁就没有朋友！——谚语
44、友谊需要—-忠诚去播种，热情去灌溉，原则去培养，谅解去护理。——德国谚语
45、桃花潭水深千尺，不及汪伦送我情。——（唐）李白
46、以势交者，势倾则绝；以利交者，利穷则散。
47、用人者，取人之长，避人之短。——魏源
48、也，不可防止于天下。——墨翟
49、与朋友交，只取其长，不计其短。
50、莫愁前路无知已，天下谁人不识君。——（唐）高适
51、东西越新越好，友谊愈老愈好。
52、有些人对你恭维不离口，可全都不是患难朋友——（英）莎士比亚
53、海内存知已，天涯若比邻。——（唐）王勃
54、合意客来心不厌，知音人听话偏长。君子与君子以同道为朋；小人与小人以同利为友。朋友间有误会应当坦率地交换看法，不可背地诽谤；有过失应当面规劝之，在背后则应赞扬他的优点。
55、朋友间的不和，就是敌人进攻的机会。——伊索
56、相知无远近，万里尚为邻。——（唐）张九龄
57、虽有兄弟，不如友生。——《抱朴子。交际》
58、一个正直的人要经过长久的时间才能看得出来，一个坏人只要一天就认得出来。——索福克勒斯
59、察言观色，度得量力。——吕坤
60、路遥知马力，日久见人心。——《元曲选。争报恩》
61、先淡后浓，先疏后亲，先远后近，交朋友之道也。
62、你只需要花一分钟注意到一个人一小时内变成朋友如果一天让你爱上他一旦真心爱上……你却需要花上一生的时间将他遗忘。
63、君子淡如水，岁久情愈真。小人口如蜜，转（
64、对你严肃的面孔，那是一盏明灯（柯尔克孜族）
65、交友的范围宜稍宽泛，各种人都有最好，不必限于自己同行同的。假使爱女人，应当爱及女人的狗。那么，结交朋友，应当忘掉朋友的过失。
66、生日送空白死亡证明书一纸，结婚送空白离婚证明书两张，能这样送礼的，才真够朋友。
67、糖果可以增加快乐，洗澡可以振作精神烟花如同音乐一样排斥爱情，只供一个人时欣赏。吉他爱不释手，香烟永不妥协，答应自己要以最舒服的轨迹划向每一个明天！
68、二人同心，其利断金。——《易。系辞上》
69、在背后称赞我们的人就是我们的良友。——（西）塞万提斯
70、真正的朋友应该说真话，不管话多么尖锐……——（前苏）奥斯特洛夫斯基
71、最善于应付对外面敌人的恐惧的是尽量交友；对于不能交为朋友的人，至少要避免和他们结怨；要是连这个也办不到，就要尽可能地避免和他们往来，为自己的利益疏远他们。——伊壁鸠
72、凡养生，莫若知本，知本则疾无由至也。
73、友谊像清晨的雾一样纯洁，奉承并不能得到友谊，友谊只能用忠实去巩固它。——马克思
74、投之以木瓜，抱之以琼瑶。匪报也，永以为好也。——《诗经》
75、仁爱的话，仁爱的诺言，嘴上说起来的容易的，只有在患难的时候，才能看见朋友的真心。——克雷洛夫
76、换我心，为你心，始知相忆深。——（宋）顾夏
77、喜欢社会中一小群志同道合的朋友，这是人的社会属性的基本原则。
78、同是天涯沦落人，相逢何必曾相识。——（唐）白居易
79、势力之交难以经远。——（晋）陆机
80、能媚我者必能害我，宜加意防之；肯规予者必肯助予，宜倾心听之。以“淡”字交友，以“聋”字止谤，以“刻”字责己。
81、朋友之间的意见，不要留到第二天（非洲）
82、在快乐时，朋友会认识我们；在患难时，我们会认识
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