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四级模拟试题一
TIME LIMIT: 135 MIN
PART I DICTATION
PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION
In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything once only. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct response to each question on your answer sheet.
SECTION A CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.
1. Where does this conversation take place?
A. In the bookstore.
B. In the teachers' office.
C. In the library.
D. In the classroom.
2. The boy cannot take the encyclopaedia home because ______.
A. it is too heavy
B. it is a reference book
C. it belongs to the woman
D. it is not available
3. What can you learn about the boy from the conversation?
A. He does not like reading.
B. He reads only for pleasure.
C. He reads nothing but stories.
D. His mother wants him to read stories.
Questions 4 to 7 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.
4. What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?
A. Dentist and patient.
B. Surgeon and patient.
C. Physician and patient.
D. Pharmacist and patient.
5. When did the woman get to sleep last night?
A. Around three o'clock.
B. Around 2:30.
C. Around two o'clock.
D. Around one o'clock.
6. Why couldn't the woman get to sleep?
A. Because she was suffering from a stomachache.
B. Because she was suffering from a toothache.
C. Because she was suffering from backache.
D. Because she was suffering from insomnia.
7. What can the man give the woman without a prescription?
A. Some sleeping pills.
B. Some painkillers.
C. Some aspirin.
D. Some hot drinks.
Questions 8 to 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.
8. Where did Eve go on holiday?
A. Washington D.C.
B. Waterloo.
C. Wellington.
D. Wales.
9. Why was Eve worried when she went to Kennedy Center?
A. Because she was in casual dress.
B. Because she had no concert ticket.
C. Because she had no money on her.
D. Because she found a lot of people there.
10. Who else attended the concert?
A. Some tourists.
B. Some of Eve's friends.
C. Some high school students.
D. Some art students.
SECTION B PASSAGESIn this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.
11. What color is the sky according to the speaker?
A. It is blue.
B. It is white.
C. It is grey.
D. It has no color.
12. When an airplane flies too high, ______.
A. the air will be too thin to support its wings
B. the air will become thicker
C. the air will exert pressure on it
D. the air will disappear in no time
13. What can fly even when there is no air?
A. The airplane.
B. The rocket.
C. The birds.
D. The fly.
Questions 14 to 17 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.
14. Most animal actors are found through ______.
A. pet owners
B. talent agencies
C. TV and movie studios
D. advertisements
15. Pet owners can earn from ______ per day.
A. $100 to $200
B. $200 to$400
C. $400 to $500
D. $500 to $600
16. Most animals are chosen for ______.
A. their personality
B. their ability to be trained
C. their appearance
D. their friendliness
17. Which animal do many trainers prefer to work with?
A. Dogs.
B. Cats.
C. Chimpanzees.
D. Horses.
Questions 18 to 20 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.
18. According to the passage, it is the telephone that ______.
A. has made letter writing an art
B. has prevented wars by avoiding written communication
C. has made the world different from what it was
D. has caused wars by magnifying and extending human conflicts
19. The telephone could intensify irrational conflicts among people because ______.
A. it increases the danger of war
B. it provides services to both the good and the malicious
C. it makes distant communication easier
D. it breaks up the multi-generational household
20. The writer's attitude towards the use of the telephone is ______.
A. affectionate
B. disapproving
C. approving
D. neutral
SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST
In this section you will hear several news items. Listen to the news items carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
Question 21 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 5 seconds to answer the question.
21. What makes it difficult to put out the fire?
A. The firefighters are inexperienced.
B. The firefighters want to defend themselves.
C. The weather is hot, dry and windy.
D. The fire was caused by the eruption of a volcano.
22. NATO troops will join in ______.
A. the Cold War
B. training exercises
C. Western armies
D. Eastern armies
23. Soldiers from ______ countries will participate.
A. 900
B. 30
C. 13
D. 43
Question 24 to 26 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.
24. Who sponsored the conference on population?
A. Cairo.
B. The United Nations.
C. The World Bank.
D. The World Health Organization.
25. The current rate of annual increase in the world population is about ______.
A. 9 million
B. 6 million
C. 90 million
D. 20 million
26. Which of the following concerning the document is NOT true?
A. The document will cover the next two decades.
B. The document will win support from the delegates.
C. The document will serve as a guideline.
D. The document will be completed after the conference.
Question 27 to 29 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.
27. The news item reported a(n) ______.
A. air crash
B. traffic accident
C. lorry crash
D. ferry accident
28. It was reported to have occurred ______.
A. inside Manila's port
B. in Singapore
C. near the Manila Bay
D. in Malaysia
29. There were ______ people on board.
A. 30
B. 400
C. 11,000
D. 12,000
Question 30 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 5 seconds to answer the question.
30. This news item is mainly about ______.
A. the world economic growth
B. the world economic crisis
C. the world turbulence
D. the global economic downturn
PART III CLOZE
Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank on your answer sheet.
Unlike most sports, which evolved over time from street games, basketball was ［31］______ by one man to suit a particular purpose. The man was Dr.James Naismith, and his purpose was to invent a ［32］______ game that could be played indoors in the winter. In 1891, Naismith was an instructor at a training school, which trained physical education instructors for the YMCAs. That year the school was trying ［33］______ up with a physical activity that the men could enjoy ［34］______ the football and baseball seasons. None of the standard indoor activities ［35］______ their interest for long. Naismith was asked to solve the
英语专业四级阅读理解模拟题
A simple piece of rope hangs between some environmentally friendly Americans and their neighbors. On one side stand those who have begun to see clothes dryers as wasteful consumers of energy (up to 6% of total electricity) and powerful emitters of carbon dioxide (up to a ton of CO2 per household every year). As an alternative, they are turning to clotheslines as part of what Alexander Lee, an environmentalist, calls "what-I-can- do environmentalism."
But on the other side are people who oppose air-drying laundry outside on aesthetic grounds. Increasingly, they have persuaded community and homeowners associations(HOAs) across the U.S. to ban outdoor clotheslines, which they say not only look unsightly but also lower surrounding property values. Those actions, in turn, have sparked a right-to-dry movement that is pressing for legislation to protect the choice to use clotheslines. Only three states--Florida, Hawaii and Utah--have laws written broadly enough to protect clotheslines. Right-to-dry advocates argue that there should be more.
Matt Reck is the kind of eco-conscious guy who feeds his trees with bathwater and recycles condensation drops from his air conditioners to water plants. His family also uses a clothesline. But Otto Hagen, president of Reck's HOA in Wake Forest, N.C., notified him that a neighbor h, ad complained about his line. The Recks ignored the warning and still dry their clothes on a rope in the yard. "Many people claim to be environmentally friendly but don't take matters into their own hands," says Reck. HOAs Hagen has decided to hold off taking action. "I'm not going to go crazy," he says. "But if Matt keeps his line and more neighbors complain, I'll have to address it again."
North Carolina lawmakers tried and failed earlier this year to insert language into an energy bill that would expressly prevent HOAs from regulating clotheslines. But the issue remains a touchy one with HOAs and real estate agents. "Most aesthetic restrictions are rooted, to a degree, in the belief that homogenous (统一协调的 ) exteriors are supportive of property value," says Sara Stubbins, executive director of the Community Association Institute's North Carolina chapter. In other words, associations worry that housing prices will fall if prospective buyers think their would-be neighbors are too poor to afford dryers.
Alexander Lee dismisses the notion that clotheslines devalue property assets, advocating that the idea "needs to change in light of global warming." "We all have to do at least something to decrease our carbon footprint," Alexander Lee says.
1. What is NOT mentioned as a disadvantage of using clothes dryers?
A. Electricity consumption.
B. Air pollution.
C. Waste of energy.
D. Ugly looking.
2. Which of the following is INCORRECT?
A. Opposers think air-drying laundry would devalue surrounding assets.
B. Opposers consider the outdoor clothesline as an eyesore to the scenery.
C. Right-to-dry movements led to the pass of written laws to protect clotheslines.
D. Most of states in the US have no written laws to protect clotheslines.
3. What is the HOAs' attitude towards the regulation of outdoor clotheslines?
A. Concerned.
B. Impartial.
C. Supportive.
D. Unclear.
4. In the last paragraph Alexander Lee recommends that
A. clotheslines should be banned in the community.
B. clotheslines wouldn't lessen the property values.
C. the globe would become warmer and warmer.
D. we should protect the environment in the community.
5. An appropriate title for the passage might be
A. Opinions on Environmental Protection.
B. Opinions on Air-drying Laundry.
C. What-I-Can-Do Environmentalism.
D. Restrictions on Clotheslines.
参考答案与解析：
文章概要：
本文探讨是否该用晾衣绳在室外晾晒衣服。第l段指出干衣机不利环保，由此引出用晾衣绳晾衣服的话题；第2段介绍对用晾衰绳晒衣服的两种对立观点；第3段 描述环保主义者Matt Reck用晾衣绳在室外晒衣服，并指出他的行为引发邻居的不满及业主委员会成员Otto Hagen的注意；第4段指出北卡罗来纳州立法者试图修订法律规定业主委员会对住户是否在室外晾衣无权干涉，法案却没有通过的原因；最后一 段：Alexander Lee认为人们应该改变观念，为减少碳排放量贡献力量。
答案解析：
1[D]细节判断题。考查使用干衣机的弊端，文章第1段第2句话对此有叙述：有些人认为干衣机浪费能源从而造成电的损耗．释放的二氧化碳污染空气，A、B、C选项分别列举了这些弊端，本题是逆向选择题，要求选出不是干衣机弊端的一项，故选D
2．[C]细节判断题。第2段提到，户外晾衣绳不仅破坏优美的风景还降低房产价值，A、B都对。D与本段最后一句表述也相符。C无法从文中推断出来，故选C。
3．[C]观点态度题。考查HOAs协会的成员对限制使用晾衣绳的态度。第3段最后几旬提到，如果Matt继续使用晾衣绳，HOAs的成员Hagen就要直接出面说Matt了，这间接表明了HOAs协会的态度；另外，从第4段前两句，也可推知C正确。
4．[D]段落细节题。在最后一段，Alexander Lee提出，鉴于全球变暖我们的观念需要改变，至少要做到尽可能减少碳物质的排放。因此选项D符合题意。A与原文意思相反；B虽然是Alexander Lee的观点，却不是他要提倡的，故不选。C并不是Alexander Lee的观点。
5.[B]全文主旨题。本文就是否应该限制使用晾衣绳进行了探讨分析，文章最后呼吁人类改变观念，每个人都应为保护环境尽一份力。选项B符合题意。A太宽泛；C明显不对；D只体现了文中一些人的观点，过于片面。
Within that exclusive group of literary characters who have survived through the centuries--from Hamlet to Huckleberry Finn--few can rival the cultural impact of Sherlock Holmes. Since his first public appearance 20 years ago, the gentleman with the curved pipe and a taste for cocaine, the master of deductive reasoning and elaborate disguise, has left his mark everywhere--in crime literature, film and television, cartoons and comic books.
At Holmes' side, of course, was his trusted friend Dr. Watson. Looming even larger, however, was another doctor, one whose medical practice was so slow it allowed him plenty of time to pursue his literary ambition. His name: Arthur Conan Doyle. As the creator of these fictional icons, Conan Doyle has himself become something of a cult figure, the object of countless critical studies, biographies and fan clubs.
Conan Doyle was born in Edinburgh in 1859, in a respectable middle-class Catholic family. Still, it was far from an easy life. There was never enough money; they moved frequently in search of lower rents; and his father, a civil servant and illustrator was an alcoholic who had to be institutionalized. Yet the early letters he wrote to his mother are surprisingly optimistic, concerned mainly with food, clothes, allowances and schoolwork. At 14 came his first unforgettable visit to London, including Madame Tussaud's, where he was "delighted with the room of Horrors, and the images of the murderers."
A superb student, Conan Doyle went on to medical school, where he was attracted by Dr. Joseph Bell, a professor with an uncanny ability to diagnose patients even before they opened their
mouths. For a time he worked as Bell's outpatient clerk and would watch, amazed, at how the location of a callus could reveal a man's profession, or how a quick look at a skin rash told Bell that the patient had once lived in Bermuda. In 1886, Conan Doyle outlined his first novel, A Study in Scarlet, which he described as "a simple tale of mystery to make a little extra money." Its main character, initially called Sherringford Hope and later called Sherlock Holmes, was based largely on Bell. But Holmes' first appearance went almost unnoticed, and the struggling doctor devoted nearly all of his spare time to writing long historical novels in the style of Sir Walter Scott—novels that he was convinced would make his reputation. It wasn't to be. In 1888, Holmes reappeared in
A Scandal in Bohemia, a short story in Strand Magazine. And this time, its hero took an immediate hit and Conan Doyle's life would never be the same.
1. The typical features of Sherlock Holmes were all EXCEPT
A. rational.
B. sociable.
C. intelligent.
D. cunning.
2. Which of the following is NOT true about Conan Doyle and his family?
A. He came from a middle-class family.
B. They led a hard life in Edinburgh.
C. His father was addicted to drinking.
D. His mother had received little education.
3. How did Conan Doyle feel about his first visit to London?
A. It was horrible.
B. It was pleasant.
C. It was awful.
D. It was memorable.
4. We can infer from the last paragraph that
A. the more calluses a person has, the more professional he would be.
B. writers often base their writing on personal experiences.
C. Conan Doyle has gone through a period of hardship on his way to success.
D. inspiration was very important for a person to create something.
5. Conan Doyle's short story "A Scandai in Bohemia" has proved to be __ at last.
A. successful
B. powerful
C. ridiculous
D. frustrating
参考答案与解析：
1．[B]细节判断题。考查福尔摩斯的人物性格特征，定位到第l段。第1段描写福尔摩斯是一个总是拿着卷曲烟斗、嗜好古柯碱、善于推理和伪装的一个 人，因此A、C、D选项都是对福尔摩斯这一人物特征的描绘，而选项B (社交广的)并未在文中提及，本题是逆向选择题，因此选项B是答案。
2．[D]细节判断题。考查柯南道尔的家庭背景，定位到第3段。本段提到柯南道尔出生在一个中产阶级家庭但是生活很不容易，也对他的父亲进行了介绍。但是对于他的母亲文章只提到柯南道尔给其母亲写信并未提及其母受教育情况，因此选项D是答案。
3．[D]细节判断题。考查柯南道尔对伦敦的印象，定位到第3段。根据第3段末句可知，第一次伦敦之旅给柯南道尔留下难以磨灭的记忆，故答案D符合题意，同时排除其他三项。
4．[C]细节推断题。从最后一段的描述可知，柯南道尔在经历了失败和挫折之后最终才取得了成功，故选项C符合题意。Bell能够从手上老茧的位置来判断一个人的职业，A误读了原文。柯南道尔的小说A Study in Scarlet以Bell为原型，但不能以此说明作者总是根据亲身经历来创作。
5．[A]细节判断题。考查柯南道尔的小说最后的结果，定位到最后一段。根据末段末句可知，柯南道尔发表在Strand Magazine上的短篇小说A Scandal in Bohemia中的男主角风靡一时，柯南道尔的人生也将由此发生改变．因此A选项符合题意。
It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.
However little known the feelings or views of such a man may be on his first entering a neighborhood, this truth is so well fixed in the minds of the surrounding families, that he is considered the rightful property of some one or other of their daughters.
"My dear Mr. Bennet," said his lady to him one day, "have you heard that Netherfield Park is let at last?" Mr. Bennet replied that he had not.
"But it is," returned she; "for Mrs. Long has just been here, and she'told me all about it."
Mr. Bennet made no answer.
"Do you not want to know who has taken it?" cried his wife impatiently.
PART V READING COMPREHENSION [25 MIN]
In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.
TEXT A
We can begin our discussion of "population as global issue" with what most persons mean when they discuss "the population problem": too many people on earth and a too rapid increase in the number added each year. The facts are not in dispute, It was quite right to employ the analogy that likened demographic growth to "a long, thin powder fuse that burns steadily and haltingly until it finally reaches the charge and explodes."
To understand the current situation, which is characterized by rapid increases in population, it is necessary to understand the history of population trends. Rapid growth is a comparatively recent phenomenon. Looking back at the 8,000 years of demographic history, we find that populations have been virtually stable or growing very
slightly for most of human history. For most of our ancestors, life was hard, often nasty, and very short. There was high fertility in most places, but this was usually balanced by high mortality. For most of human history, it was seldom the case that one in ten persons would live past forty, while infancy and childhood were especially risky periods. Often, societies were in clear danger of extinction because death rates could exceed their birthrates. Thus, the population problem throughout most of history was how to prevent extinction of the human race.
This pattern is important to notice. Not only does it put the current problems of demographic growth into a historical perspective, but it suggests that the cause of rapid increase in population in recent years is not a sudden enthusiasm for more children, but an improvement in the conditions that traditionally have caused high mortality.
Demographic history can be divided into two major periods: a time of long, slow growth which extended from about 8,000 BC.till approximately AD. 1650. In the first period of some 9600 years, the population increased from some 8 million to 500 million in 1650. Between 1650 and the present, the population has increased from 500 million to more than 4 billion. And it is estimated that by the year 2000 there will be 6.2 billion people throughout the world. One way to appreciate this dramatic difference in such abstract numbers is to reduce the time frame to something that is more manageable. Between 8000BC and 1650, an average of only 50,000 persons was being added annually to the world's population each year. At present, this number is added every six hours. The increase is about 80,000,000 persons annually.
1. Which of the following demographic growth pattern is most suitable for the long thin powder fuse analogy?
A.A virtually stable or slightly decreasing period and then a sudden explosion of population.
B.A slow growth for a long time and then a period of rapid, dramatic increase.
C.Too many people on earth and a few rapid increase in the number added each year.
D.A long period when death rates exceeds birthrates and then a short period with higher fertility and lower mortality.
2. During the first period of demographic history, societies were often in danger of extinction because___.
A.only one in ten persons could live past 40.
B.there was higher mortality than fertility in most places.
C.it was too dangerous to have babies due to the poor conditions.
D.our ancestors had little enthusiasm for more children.
3. Which statement is true about population increase?
A.There might be an increase of 2.2 billion persons from now to the year 2000.
B.About 50,000 babies are born every six hours at present.
C.Between 8000 BC and the present, the population increase is about 80,000,000 persons each year.
D.The population increased faster between 8000BC and 1650 than between 1650 and the present.
4. The author of the passage intends to___.
A.warn people against the population explosion in the near future.
B.compare the demographic growth pattern in the past with that after 1650.
C.find out the cause for rapid increase in population in recent years.
D.present us a clear and complete picture of the demographic growth.
5. The word "demographic" in the first paragraph means___.
A.statistics of human.
B.surroundings study.
C.accumulation of human.
D.development of human.
TEXT B
Chinese Americans today have higher incomes than Americans in general and higher occupational status. The Chinese have risen to this position despite some of the harshest discrimination and violence faced by any immigrants to the United States in the history of this country. Long confined to a narrow range of occupations they succeeded in those occupations and then spread out into other areas in later years, when opportunities finally opened up for them. Today much of the Chinese prosperity is due to the simple fact that they work more and have more (usually better) education than others. Almost one out of five Chinese families has three or more income earners compared to one out of thirteen for Puerto Ricans, one out of ten among American Indians, and one out of eight among Whites. When the Chinese advantages in working and educational are held constant, they have no advantage over other Americans. That is in a Chinese Family with a given number of people working and with a given amount of education by the head of the family, the income is not only about average for such families, and offer a little less than average.
While Chinese Americans as a group are prosperous and well-educated Chinatowns are pockets of poverty, and illiteracy is much higher among the Chinese than among Americans in general. Those paradoxes are due to sharp internal differences. Descendants of the Chinese Americans who emigrated long ago from Toishan Province have maintained Chinese values and have added acculturation to American society with remarkable success. More recent Hong Kong Chinese are from more diverse cultural origins, and acquired western values and styles in Hong Kong, without having acquired the skills to proper and support those aspirations in the American economy. Foreign-born Chinese men in the United States are one-fourth lower incomes than native-born Chinese even【英语专业四级预测题】
though the foreign-born have been in the United States an average of seventeen years. While the older Hong Kong Chinese work tenaciously to sustain and advance themselves, the Hong Kong Chinese youths often react with resentment and antisocial behavior, including terrorism and murder. The need to maintain tourism in Chinatown causes the Chinese leaders to mute or downplay these problems as much as possible.
6. According to the passage, today, Chinese Americans owe their prosperity to___.
A.their diligence and better education than others.
B.their support of American government.
C.their fight against discriminations.
D.advantages in working only.
7. The passage is mainly concerned with___.
A.chinese Americans today.
B.social status of Chinese Americans today.
C.incomes and occupational status of Chinese Americans today.
D.problems of Chinese Americans today.
8. Chinatowns are pockets of poverty, as is probably associated with___.
A.most descendants of Chinese Americans are rebelling.
B.most descendants of Chinese Americans are illiterate.
C.sharp internal difference between Chinese coming from different cultural backgrounds.
D.only a few Chinese Americans are rich.
9. Which of the following statements is not true according to this article
A.As part of the minority, Chinese Americans are still experiencing discrimination in American today.
B.Nowadays, Chinese Americans are working in wider fields.
C.Foreign-born Chinese earn lower income than native-born Chinese Americans with the similar advantages in the U.S.
D.None of the above.
10. According to the author, which of the following can best describe the older Hong Kong Chinese and the
younger
A.Tenacious; rebellion.
B.Conservative; open-minded.
C.Out-of-date; fashionable.
D.Obedient; disobedient.
TEXT C
A controversy erupted in the scientific community in early 1998 over the use of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid ) fingerprinting in criminal investigations. DNA fingerprinting was introduced in 1987 as a method to
identify individuals based on a pattern seen in their DNA, the molecule of which genes are made. DNA is present in every cell of the body except red blood cells. DNA fingerprinting has been used successfully in various ways, such as to determine paternity where it is not clear who the father of a particular child is. However, it is in the area of criminal investigations that DNA fingerprinting has potentially powerful and controversial uses.
DNA fingerprinting and other DNA analysis techniques have revolutionized criminal investigations by giving investigators powerful new tools in the attempt to trove guilt, not just establish innocence. When used in criminal investigations, a DNA fingerprint pattern from a suspect is compared with a DNA fingerprint pattern obtained from such material as hairs or blood found at the scene of a crime. A match between the two DNA samples can be used as evidence to convict a suspect.
The controversy in 1998 stemmed form a report published in December 1991 by population geneticists Richard C. Lewontin of Harvard University in Cambridge, Mass., and Daniel L. Hartl called into question the methods to calculate how likely it is that a match between two DNA fingerprints might occur by chance alone. In particular, they argued that the current method cannot properly determine the likelihood that two DNA samples will match because they came from the same individual rather than simply from two different individuals who are members of the same ethnic group. Lewontin and Hartl called for better surveys of DNA patterns methods are adequate.
In response to their criticisms, population geneticists Ranajit Chakraborty of the University of Texas in Dallas and Kenneth K.Kidd of Yale University in New Haven, Conn., argued that enough data are already available to show that the methods currently being used are adequate. In January 1998, however, the federal Bureau of Investigation and laboratories that conduct DNA tests announced that they would collect additional DNA samples form various ethnic groups in an attempt to resolve some of these questions. And, in April, a
National Academy of Sciences called for strict standards and system of accreditation for DNA testing laboratories.
11. efore DNA fingerprinting is used, suspects____.
A.would have to leave their fingerprints for further investigations
B.would have to submit evidence for their innocence
C.could easily escape conviction of guilt
D.cold be convicted of guilt as well
12. DNA fingerprinting can be unreliable when ____.
A.the methods used for blood- cell calculation are not accurate
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