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动物是否有语言
首先，语言是产生于人类的一种交际工具，是人们进行沟通交流的各种表达符号。交际的方式很多元化，有通过文字，图片，动作，表情等都可以传递思想，但语言是其中最重要的。那么，动物之间的交际存在着语言吗？
有关语言学书籍记载，语言定义为三个方面的要素：声音，词汇，意义。无疑，动物能发出声音，但它们的声音具备意义吗？
猩猩属于动物，而人们以往就猩猩的行为做过许多实验。据《新科学家》报道，一只名为坎兹的非洲倭黑猩猩在实验室中令人惊奇地发声说话，这是科学家首次发现猩猩能像婴儿一样，用不同的发声表达不同的意义，所以动物没有语言能力这一科学论断存在疑问。
苏格兰的圣。安德鲁大学的一组研究人员拍摄记录下了黑猩猩的活动，并把他们的发现公开发表在了《动物认知》(Animal Cognition)杂志上。
郝伯特博士在乌干达的布顿哥保护区野外观测站花了266天的时间观察并拍摄了一组黑猩猩的活动。【动物语言的资料有哪些,】
郝伯特博士和她的同事里查德.伯恩(Richard Byrne)详细审查了每一组胶片，并把黑猩猩的每个不同姿态分了类。他们发现黑猩猩在做每一个动作时都希望引起对方的注意或是回应。如果没有回应他们会再做一遍。
现在科学家小组正在研究下一个阶段的项目——他们希望能发
现黑猩猩每一个不同姿势的意思。就有些姿势来说意思是很明显的，可能因为我们人类也做同样的姿势。一头黑猩猩会经常向另一组黑猩猩点头致意，或者一头年幼的黑猩猩会和另一头年幼的黑猩猩握手已吸引它能和它玩耍。【动物语言的资料有哪些,】
在郝伯特博士纪录的一组胶片中一头母猩猩向她的女儿伸出胳膊，“母猩猩想离开，于是招呼它的女儿爬到身上”，郝伯特解释说，“它可以一下抓住它的女儿，但是他没有这样做而是伸出手等待回应”。当它的女儿向它靠近时，她又重复了原来的动作，并加上了面部表情——咧开嘴笑了笑，这时小猩猩爬了上来然后它们走了。 这一研究给黑猩猩姿态的起源提供了线索，他们拥有物种间沟通的共同体系，而不是学来的习惯或是一个特殊群体的惯例。
事实上，就观察黑猩猩间不同的姿态，研究者们得出结论：类人猿在整个家族中使用的姿态有很大部分是相同的。
它们的动作具有意义，属于语言范畴之内，所以我认为它们是有语言的。
语言学课程作业：
Language is human specific.
In order to search answers for this question, Let’s come to analyze the generally definition of language: Language is arbitrary (1) Language is a well-organized system which is complex with so many words and grammar. For a language, only with a clear grammar and mountainous certain words can it directly expresses the correct meanings. To learn a language, we have to recognize that it takes time for us to do that. A talent child, maybe spends certain time, let alone the animals. Here, let’s come to a question: Would a animal willing to spend time learning language instead of foraging……Still, it is too difficult and complex for animals which do not have the same intelligence and time as human to learn language. In our daily life, we hear what they sound may be just they are acting some messages instinctively.
(2) Language is a system of unique vocal symbols for human’s communication. It tells us that language is first perceived through its sounds. Familiarly, we know, the articulatory apparatus of a human being are contained in three important areas: the pharyngeal cavity, the oral cavity and the nasal cavity. While animal’s vocal organs (even we don’t know their exact unified vocal organs till today and maybe
they haven’t one) are much simply constructed. So, most of the animals can just give some simple sounds. Language is a kind of tool to express one’s need clearly. It has to be complex because one’s need is unpredictable. If a language is not only specific to human beings, the language of animals would seem much easier because their physiological shortage. Thus, language itself would gradually delete many its features: productivity and duality. At that time, how can we say language can be a system of language. So, it’s impossible for animals which does has the similar articulatory apparatus of a human being to learn. Because it would gradually weaken language’s diversity.【动物语言的资料有哪些,】
(3) Language is for communication. It comes from our developing society and it will gradually change as our society. Once, people said:” Also, One of the linguists from France said:” To study the human beings, one has to study language, to study the language, one has to study the society”. It has become a tie together. We don’t deny that animal itself has its Transfer information system. For example, bee dancing used to indicate food, But through years of searching, we still find it the only kind of message that can be sent through the dancing. These kinds of actions are the reaction to distinction. It is not a kind of action of logos. The same example is that the newly-born baby. None can deny that the
new born baby is not human. When he or she come to this world, the first thing they do is to cry themselves out. Of course, this is a human sound. But how can we know they are happy or just be astonished? Of course, this kind of sound shouldn’t be named language. So, form here, we know, language is human specific but we still learn it from the life , in our society. A famous linguist Xu Guozhang said:” Language is a kind of logos but not a distinction. “To some extent, human being can be considered a kind of thinking animal. L. Wittgenstein said: ：“The limits of my language are the limits of my mind. All I know is what I have words for..”Language relies on the thinking, relies on the society. Language is human specific.
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