【www.gbppp.com--写作模板】
大学英语四级考试写作
大学英语四级考试写作题型根据教育部颁布的大学英语教学大纲的要求，大学英语四级考试的命题形式有以下几种：首尾句作文、提纲作文、图表作文、命题作文、书信体作文等。首尾句作文是根据段首（尾）句续写短文。段首句作文也称主题句作文，因为作文题中所给的段首句往往是段落主题句。其特点是以题目为中心，一般情况下将文章分为三个段落，每段首句即为该段的主题句（topic sentences）。考生要按主题句的要求组织材料，提出论据，用一些辅助句（supporting sentences）来支持或说明主题句，写英文段首句作文要注意：所写的内容要紧扣主题，辅助句应围绕段首句续写。保证段内每个句子的内容与段首句紧密展开各个段落，如：例证、因果、定义、比较对比、程序等。要注意句与句之间，特别是段首句与辅助句之间的自然衔接。另外，所给的段首句有时是一个完整的句子，有时不是一个完整的句子，只是句子的一部分，这就要求我们一定要审好题。找出其中表示中心思想的关键词，围绕这些关键词去扩展、描述或说明。
［例1］Directions :For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition about Women in the Modern World in three paragraphs. You are given the first sentence of each
paragraph and are required to develop the idea in completing the paragraph; your part of the composition should be about 100 words, not including the words given. Remember to write clearly.
［范文］
Women in the Modern World
Women are playing an increasingly important role in society. Successful women who are government officials, writers, scientists, doctors and teachers can be found everywhere. It is true that many jobs that once were dominated by men can be done well by women.
With the changes in their social role, women’s position in the family has been improved as well. The husband is no longer the only bread maker in the family and the wife no longer lives on others. They share comforts and hardships with each other.
In spite of these changes, the liberation of women has not been completely realized. Women still face many difficulties and obstacles due to traditional roles and limited economic strength. Women still have a long way to go in their struggle for complete equality with men.
第一段首句是讲妇女在社会上的作用，因而续写的内容
紧紧围绕妇女的社会作用，比如，妇女可以是政府机关的工作人员、科学家、教师等；第二句的段首句是关于妇女在家庭中的地位也提高了，续写的内容也是有关夫妻患难与共；第三句的段首句是讲妇女解放仍然任重而道远，续写的部分提出了妇女所面临的问题，整个续写的部分紧扣段首句。 ［例2］Directions :Write a composition about What Would Happen If There Were No power in three paragraphs, you are given the first sentence or part of the first sentence of each paragraph:
1. Ever since early this century, electricity has become an essential part of our modern life.
2. If there were no electric power,...
3. Therefore,...
［范文］
What Would Happen If There Were No Power
Ever since early this century, electricity has become an essential part of our modern life. It has played a decisive role in the modern world. Everybody admits that development of our civilization depends on electricity.
If there were no electricity power, our modern world would be in trouble. For instance, all the wheel would stop because without the power the machine would cease working. And all
the electrical equipment life would be impossible and in a great mass without electricity.
Therefore, we should make better use of elective power. On the other hand, we should educate people to economize on electricity and not to waste energy resources. At the same time we must do our best to exploit more electric resources to meet the requirements of human beings.
第一段的段首句是讲电已经成为人们现代生活中必不可少的部分，因而接下来的续写部分应强调它的重要性。第二段的段首句提出如果没有电的假设，下面列出没有电将会出现的麻烦。最后一段指出我们应该节约用电，开拓更多的电力资源。
关键词作文是根据作文题目以及所给出的关键词写短文。关键词的数目由几个到十几个不等。写这种题型的作文，要特别注意关键词的作用。关键词是短文内容发展的“路标”，在作文思路和写作内容上起着决定乾坤的作用。因此，写出的文章要把所给的这些关键词都用上，可以一句中用上几个词，也可以几句中用上一个词，只要能做到恰到好处即可。而且，要学会根据所给关键词的语义群分段。如果所给的关键词可以分为三组，那么，短文就可以写成三段。如果给出的关键词是两组，短文就可以写为两段。再者，要把给出的关键词用在刀刃上，即各段的主题句以及结尾的主题句都应
该有关键词。
［例1］
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a passage on “The Advantages of Travel” based on the words and phrases given: advantages widen our knowledge, make friends, knowledge or geography, beautiful scenery, different lifestyle, customs and cultures, various foods, practice a foreign language, worth spending the time.
［范文］
The Advantages of Travel
Whenever a college student is asked “What are you going to do this summer vacation?”the most probable answer might be “I am going to have a trip.”It seems that college students are fond of traveling very much. Why?Because travel has numerous advantages. First of all,travel can widen our knowledge of geography,the knowledge of different customs, cultures and lifestyles of different places and countries. Secondly, we can make friends and practice a foreign language through traveling. Finally, travel is the best way of spending time. We can enjoy eating various local foods and seeing beautiful scenery.In a word, we can benefit from travel in more than one way. It is worth spending the time.
英语四级解题技巧——写作
杜雪娟 2013/11
一、 要求与评分标准
二、 作文分类与高分模板
（一）原因分析型
1. 写作模式
第一段 描述现象
第二段 解释这种现象产生或存在的原因
第三段 提出解决问题的建议或总结观点
2. 高分模板
The bar chart/ table reflects ______. From these statistics, it can be seen that ______.
Generally speaking, two factors have contributed to this phenomenon. For one thing, ________. For another, ________.
As far as I am concerned, _______. So, as individuals, first we should ________. Second, _________. Only in this way we can.
In recent years, with the improvement of living standard, ______. Such a prevailing phenomenon leads to _______.
Many reasons may account for ______. To begin with, ______. In addition, ________. What’s more, ______.
In my opinion, _______. To prevent this phenomenon from worsing, it is high time that _______.
3. 真题范文
On Eexcessive Packaging (2012年6月)【英语四级写作技巧】
（二）对比选择型
1. 写作模式
第一段 论述一些人对某一事物或现象的看法
第二段 论述另一些人对此事物或现象的看法
第三段 表明自己的观点并给出自己的理由
2. 高分模板
For many years, ______ has been a very important part of ______. But during recent years, some people put forward the opinion that ______. They complain that______.
In my opinion, _____. We should ______.
3. 真题范文
Spring Festival Gala on CCTV
（三）观点论证型
1. 写作模式
第一段 引出话题，表明观点
第二段 给出论据，解释观点
第三段 提出建议或重申观点
2. 高分模板
As is vividly revealed in the picture above, _______. Undoubtedly, the symbolic meaning subtly conveyed in the picture should be given deep consideration that ______.
______. For example, _______. Therefore, when it comes to ______. In one world, for college students _______. Only in this way can we _______.
There is a widespread famous/ humorous saying/ As a saying goes that _____. Funny as it is, the saying ironically/ truly/faithfully reflects the fact that ______.
Therefore, we must ______. And what’s more _______. For example, ________.
Obviously, only with ______ can you.
All in all/ In conclusion/ Ingeneral, ______.
3. 真题范文
看图作文(2013年6月)
（四）说明利弊型
1. 写作模式
第一段 说明某现象或事物带来的好处/弊端
第二段 说明该现象或食物可能带来的问题/利益
第三段 提出自己的看法或建议
2. 高分模板
______ is gaining increasing popularity recently and ______.
______ is beneficial to ______ and ______ alike in many ways. For _____. For ______.
However, despite many benefits from ______, there are still some defects that cannot be ignored. For one thing, _____. For another, _____.
From my perspective, the benefits of ______ do outweigh its defects, and ________. What we should do is ______. Only when ______ can we ______.
3. 真题范文
Online shopping (2011年6月)
（五）问题解决型
1. 写作模式
第一段 描述现象，提出问题
第二段 分析问题可能产生的后果
第三段 提出解决问题的方法或建议
2. 高分模板
It is beyond reproach that ______. However, it may go too far to ______.
It is not unusual to witness that ______. Consequently, ______. What’s worse, ______. Therefore, it is high time that we took actions to ______.
In my opinion, on the one hand, ______. On the other hand, ______. In addition, ______. Only through these ways can we ______.
3. 真题范文
How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent? (2010年12月)
三 写作策略
1. 内容是否紧扣主题， 涵盖提示要点
2. 作文结构层次是否清晰
3. 语言表达是否流畅， 有无重大语病和逻辑错误
英语四级翻译写作，复习方法与做题技巧
这篇文章是关于写作和翻译的高效复习方法，还有一些做题技巧，是根据我的做题经验，以及一些网络（“零元课”网站）上的视频课总结，希望对大家的复习备考有帮助。
一、写作篇
（一）复习方法
词汇和语法的重要性大家已经知道了，相信大家在前期复习阅读的过程中，已经有所掌握，在这里我就略过，直接来谈谈写作如何进行复习。
1.研究真题，熟悉写作各类题型，其实研究近几年真题你会发现一定的规律，我研究过 英语四级真题汇编王 的6年18套真题，发现图画作文和议论文总是交替出现的，并且每年6月份和12月份考的是同一种作文类型。把握命题规律后，可以更好的复习。
2.背诵模板范文（真题范文+预测范文），可以买一本作文书，也可以用真题背诵，现在一些真题也会赠送一些写作范文，比如之前我用的 巨微——四级真题·逐句精解 ，除了真题里面12篇范文，还赠送了20篇押题范文，完全够用了。记得各种题材的范文都背一背，多多益善。
3.平时做阅读题时，多多积累一些好词好句，尤其是很长的复合句，名人名言，谚语等，这些写到作文里面，都能为文章增色不少。【英语四级写作技巧】
4.每周练习写三篇文章，可以用真题写作来练习，写完之后对照给出的范文进行修改，并不是说语言要完全一致，而是要看自己是否将材料的内容全部写到，思路是否深入，语言有没有缺漏，多练习、修改几次，写作水平就能逐渐提高。
5.要多多积累一些写作高阶词汇和句式，最好记在笔记本上，如果用在写作中，会更能体现你的英语水平，也就更能获得阅卷老师的青睐。
（二）写作技巧
1.长短句相结合：为了不引起阅卷者的视觉疲劳，一篇好的英语作文，应将长短句相结合。在文章第一段用一长一短，且先长后短；在文章主体部分，要先用一个短句解释主要意思，然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式；文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。
2.以横向写作为主：在写作时，我们要横向写作，即写某一问题的横段面，而不要写成流水账。避免写成流水账的方法是不要就前一句中的一个非重点词再进行描述，而要对主题句从横段面去写，写完一个横段面就不要再对这一横段面进行阐述了，应当去写另一个横段面.
3.文章结构安排：无论是哪种要求，也无论是哪种体裁，我们都可以将其处理成三段式。表达需简明扼要，句型尽可能多样化。同时
要注意段落间的相互联系，利用句间关系和段落逻辑关系，采用起承转合等手法，顺理成章地把段落连接起来，使段落之间逻辑有序，过渡自然。
二、翻译篇
（一）复习方法
翻译题和作文题的区别在于，翻译要考察的是英汉转换思维，其实这是一个难点，甚至某种程度上来讲，比写作更难，因为写作可以自己安排行文思路和语言，而翻译就是给定的，必须严格按照材料，将汉语转换成英语文章。
1.在复习其它题型，比如阅读，要注意培养自己的英汉转换能力，自己可以平时用阅读题来练习，将答案中给出的阅读文章译文，自己进行翻译，看能否转化为通顺的英语语言。
2.多多练习才是关键，自己先练习写，然后对照答案，找出自己的错漏之处，一定要保证，自己的译文完全将给出的材料内容囊括进去了。还要注意语法安排，要符合英语思维。
3.不需要太复杂的句子，只要结构完整，语言通顺即可。只要句法和词汇正确即可，很多时候会考到一些专有名词，这个需要平时的积累和记忆。
（二）翻译技巧
1.增词法：在翻译段落时，为了能充分的表达原文含义，以求达意，翻译时有必要增加词语来使英文的表达更加顺畅。
2.减词法：英语的表达倾向简洁，汉语比较喜欢重复。重复，作为一种汉语修辞方法，在某种场合下，重复的表达一个意思，是为了强调，加强语气。有时为了符合英文表达的逻辑，就要有所删减或省略。
3.词类转换：英语语言的一个很重要的特点，就是词类变形和词性转换，尤其是名词、动词、形容词之间的转换。
4.语态转换：语态分为被动语态和主动语态，汉语中主动语态出现频率较高，而与之相反，英语中被动语态的使用率较高。因此在翻译时，要注意语态之间的转换。
5.语序变换：为了适应英文的修辞避免歧义，有时需要对原文的语序进行调整。
6.分译与合译：在遇到较长的句子或较复杂的句子时，可以考虑分译，以使译文简洁，通俗易懂。同时也可以把汉语的两个较简短的句子译成一句，中间用连接词来链接。
大学英语四级考试作文指导
第一篇 四六级考试作文简介
1 基本要求
《大学英语教学大纲》规定：大学英语教学的目的之一是培养学生具有一定的英语写作能力。大学英语四级统考作文部分占15分, 要求学生, 根据规定的题目或提示，在30分钟内写出120字以上的短文。请参看下面四级写作评分原则和评分标准。
评分原则
四六级考试从内容和语言两方面对作文进行综合评估。内容和语言是一个统一体。内容要求思想正确，主题突出。内容要考虑是否用英语清楚而准确地表达思想，也就是要考虑语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍，用词和造句是否清楚而准确地表达思想。
达，则给0分。]
此外，为引起教师和学生对作文部分的重视，全国四级考试中心还实行作文最低分制度，最低为6分。如作文为0分，总分高于60分，成绩报导时一律报59分不及格处理；若作文分大于0分小于6分时，最后报导分=原计总分--6分+实得作文分。
2作文命题形式及常考题型分析
纵览历年的作文试题，我们可以发现论说文占绝大多数，但近年应用文有上升的势头（01.6、02.1是书信体，91.6、02.6是图表作文）。就话题而言，主要有三大类：社会热闹话题、校园话题和日常生活话题。以下是历年作文题的汇总与统计，建议大家研究一下它的出题规律并写写看。
一、 历年四级考试作文题统计
社会热门话题
(87.9) Women in Modern World
(90.6) Make Our Cities Greener
(91.1) Bicycle – An Important Means of Transport in China (91.6) Changes in People’s Diet
(94.1) The world Is Getting Smaller and Smaller.
(96.1) The Two-day Weekend
(96.6) Global Shortage of Fresh Water
(98.1) Harmfulness of Fake Commodities.【英语四级写作技巧】
校园话题
(88.6) An Early Morning Walk (记叙文)
(92.6) How I overcome My Difficulties in Learning English
(94.6) My Ideal Job
(95.6) Advantage of Job Interview.
(97.6) Getting to Know the World Outside the Campus.
(99.6) Reading Selectively Or Extensively?
(00.1) How I Finance My College Education.
(00.6) Is A Test of Spoken English Necessary?
(01.1) How to Succeed in a Job Interview?
(01.6) A letter to a Schoolmate
(02.1) A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service
on Campus.
(02.6) Student Use of Computers.
日常生活话题
(89. 1) The Tape Recorder
(90. 1) What Would Happen If There Were No Power
(92.1) Is Failure a Bad Thing?
(93.1)Positive and Negative Aspects of Sport.
(95.1)Can Money Buy Happiness?
(97.1) Practice Makes Perfect .
(98.6) Do "Lucky Numbers" Really Bring Good Luck?
(99.1)Don ' t Hesitate to Say "NO".
(03.1) It Pays to Be Honest
我们知道, 四六级考试是一项大规模的考试，为提高其客观性，以利评分，考试对作文的命题形式是这样限制的：给出题目作文、规定情景作文、给出段首句续写、书信作文、给出关键词作文、看图作文或根据所给文章写出摘要或大意等。下面分析主要的几种类型：
1）提纲作文
这类题型是四六级作文考试到目前为止最常见的。它给出作文的英文题目以及较为详细的提纲，提纲有时是英文的，但多数是用中文给出的。每段的提纲规定了文章每段的主旨，它要求考生围绕这个中心制
1999年6月全国四六级考试作文题同为一个提纲类作文，题目要求120字，六级为150字）。 Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Reading Selectively or Extensively? You should write at least 120 (150) words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1 有人认为读书要有选择
2 有人认为应该博览群书
3 我的看法
2) 主题句作文
Introduction
This is the most common composition practiced in CET-4．Usually the title and the topic sentences of each paragraph are given．You are required to write exactly according to the title．You must use the given topic sentences．
作文题例：
Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition about“Television ”in three paragraphs．
You are given the first sentence of each paragraph to develop the idea in completing the paragraph．Your composition should be about 120words，not including the words given．Remember to write clearly．
Television
1）Television presents a vivid world in front of us．
_______________________________________
2）Television can also play an educational role in our daily life．______________________________
_______________________________________
3）However，television can also be harmful．
_______________________________________
3）图表作文
图表作文是四六级作文考试常考题型之一，也是考生觉得较难对付的作文形式。
图表形式：
图表题型主要分类：
(1)曲线图题型(Line chart)； (2)饼状图题型(Pie chart)； (3)柱状图题型(Bar chart)； (4)表格图题型(Table)。
要求考生:
通常还给出作文的标题和一些提示(1)用文字来描述图表，客观解释图表中所传递的信息并找出某种规律或趋势；(2)就图表中所反映出某种趋势或问题分析其原因或后果。(3)根据前面的分析得出你的结论或发表你的看法。一般要求写成论说文。
年6月四级考试作文为统计表格题：
: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition about Changes in People’s Diet according to the following outline in three paragraphs. Your part of the composition should be no less than 120 words, not including the words given. Remember to write clearly. You should quote as few figures as possible.
Changes in People’s Diet
1 state the changes in people’s diet in the past five years
2 give possible reasons for the changes
3 draw your own conclusion
看图表作文一般可分三段写。第一段说明该图表反映的总情况，选择能充分说明主题的典型数据进行概述。第二段对数字进行仔细分析比较，归纳出增减速率，找出产生变化的原因。第三段写读图表后的想法或评论，得出自己的结论。
General introduction——Analysis——Conclusion
概要介绍—分析图表和变化的原因—评论或总结
(Graph)作文题例：
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition based on the following graph showing the growth of the world’s population. The opening sentence is given and you are required to develop it into a full composition. Your part of writing should be no less than 120 words. Some useful words and phrases are provided, but you do not have to include all of them.
Graph showing the growth of the world’s population. (Suggested words and phrases: birth control, death rate, population explosion, food shortage).
7000million
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1000 1000A.D 1500A.D 2000A.D
The Problem of Human Population
It has been estimated that a thousand years ago there were less than 400 million people on earth._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
从曲线坐标图可以看到，过去人口增长速度的缓慢同现在人口的急剧增长形成了鲜明的对照。图中文字表明，Industrial and Agricultural Revolution和Emergence of Modern Medicine与人口的急剧增长不无关
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