【www.gbppp.com--英语学习】
职场英语：办公室常用英语
身在职场的你，是否经常会为一些部门和职位的英文名称而头疼？当上司或者同事突然从嘴里蹦出一个英文单词时，你是否曾有过不知所云和不知所措的感觉？
鉴于很多同学都有这方面的困惑，西岸英语特别为大家总结了一些部门和职位的英文单词，熟记这些单词，在以后的工作当中就不会出糗啦！
一、部门名称：
1.Personnel Department 人事部
2.Human Resource Department 人力资源部 3.Sales Department 营销部 4.Product Development Department 产品开发部 5. Public Relations Department 公关部 6.Marketing Department 市场部
7.Finance Department 财会部
8.Purchasing（Procurement） Department采购部
9.After-sale Service Department 售后服务部
10.Quality Control Department 品管部
二、职位名称：
1. Chairman of the Board 董事长
2. President （Am E.） 总裁
3. Executive Vice-President 执行副总裁
4. Managing Director 行政董事
5. Executive Manager，General Manager 总经理
6. Deputy General Manager 副总经理
7. Section Manager 部门经理，科长
8. Sales Manager 销售部经理
9. Assistant Manager 助理经理 （副经理）
10. Manager 主任
11. Sales Representative 销售代表
12. Supervisor 总管
13. executive 高中级管理人员
14. clerk 职员
我的英语在大学就一直不行，勉强混过四级，只能说是碰巧读了研，英语怎么考过的我自己都没想明白。从毕业四年后基本都快把英语忘掉了。三年前因为一个特殊的机遇进入外企（美国
企业）工作以来，断断续续学了很久的英语。进展一直不大，也就是能看看技术书书籍，英文帮助而已。“听”、“说”、“写”比
没学过英语的人好不了多少。由于工作的需要，经常性的去参加培训自己感觉水平稍微提高了一点。最主要的是对学习英语的认识改 变了，学习方法改变了。
有次有个老外对我说，英语是skill不是knowledge。我觉得这个总结得相当好，英语不是知识，只是一门技能。学习知识和掌握技能所用的方法是截然不同的。掌握技能关键是要用，用得多了自然就掌握了。但同时也要讲究方法。就象学游泳一样，好的老师用正确的方法教，那肯定比自己瞎扑腾要学得快学得好。 想起以前总是傻傻的背单词，还自己写了程序背。其实单纯背单词的学习效果是很差的。远不如背句子及短文。
练习听力我个人觉得钟道隆的逆向英语见效最快，尽管刚开始时很难坚持。它的方法就是听写，一边听一边把听到的内容写下来
，没听清楚就一句句反复，至于听什么倒无所谓，自己根据自己的水平找适当的就行了。这种方法强迫你听懂每一个词，包括很多一
带而过的介词，连读等。坚持下来很容易见效。
“说”，其实找老外对练是最好的了，但是有个问题是不是哪里都有老外，也不是谁都认识老外，前段时间发现一个练口语和听力的网站不错，下面网址推荐的第一个，我感觉不错。需要练习的朋友可以去看一下。 写就没这么简单了。很多短语，或是语法，在阅读时都不是问题。可要在自己写东西的时候却什么也写不出来，全认得，就是写
不出。其实和练听力时是一个道理，最好是背诵一些短文。我记得以前高考之前，为增加写作能力，也有很多同学整本的背一些什么
优美文章集之类的。每天如果能用英语写写日记应该也是个好办法。（可惜我自己连写中文日记都坚持不下来。）
另外记忆是一个不断重复，加深映象的过程。所以复习和复习的频度也是非常关键的。子曰：“学而时习之，不亦乐乎。”。只
学不复习其实是很笨的做法，这样做只会浪费了第一次的学习时间。
所以为了更好的学习英语，更好的锻炼我的口语（工作性质决定我并不需要翻译工作，能和老外流利的对话才是在外企工作的根本，所以流利的口语在参加工作以后更为重要）。我找了一些学习英语的网站经行
对比学习，发现下面这些网站不错，而且免费，推荐给大家
（免费学英语口语听力，大量免费课程）
2./subject/data/enlisten.htm
4./doc/enlisten/511_1016.htm（英语听力mp3下载）
5./tl/（英语听力特区）
7./（普特英语听力）
8.
9./（爱鸽英语）
10./English/c/16index.htm（万千英语族）
11./sort.php?sortid=8(真题网)
12./（我爱英语网)
13./（英语精华网）
14..cn/engexam/CET/Index.html（美诺学习网）
16.大学英语四级考试听力MP3 100篇/doc/enlisten/511_1017.htm
17.
18./kaoshi/english/a/（教育学习网）
19./Article/eng/zszb/sti/（学程无忧）
20./index1.html（VOA、BBC等及外语电视台在线收看）
2./（BBC1-7、美国CNN）
3./（英语学习频道）
4./tl/
5.4.
4./2j.asp?id=168（mp3）
5.
6./english/newconcept/index.htm(mp3)
7./article.php?articleid=759(mp3)
8./en/pp/nce/index.htm(辅导学习)
关于四六级英语的学习：
1./sort.php?sortid=8(真题网)
2./whbm/grammar/index.htm（我爱英语网)
职场英语口语900句_2014最常用的职场英语口语
职场英语口语900句：关于辞职原因
What position have you held before?
你以前担任过什么职务?
How many places have you worked altogether?
你一共工作了几个地方?
What was your reason for leaving?
你为什么要离开呢?
Do you enjoy your present job?
你喜欢目前的工作吗?
Yes，I find it interesting.
是的，我发现它很有趣味。【职场英语学习】
What made you decide to change your job?
什么原因使你决定换工作?
I know from your resume that you are working as an administration assistant in a trading company.Why do you plan to change your job? 我知道你正在一家贸易公司任职行政助理，为什么你计划转职?
Why have you changed you job so frequently?
你为什么经常换工作?
I am working in a small company where further promotion is impossible.I am capable of more responsibilies，so I decided to change my job.I'd like to find a job which is more challenging.
我在一家小公司工作，所以晋级不大可能。我完全能够承担更多的责任，所以我决定换工作。我希望做一个更有挑战性的工作。
I would like to have a job that is more lively than my present
one.Besides，I would like to practise my English in my work.As my present employer deals with China trade only，there isn't much chance to speak English.因为我希望找到一份较有活力的工作。此外，我想在工作上多用英语。但我现时的雇主主要发展中国市场，所以很少会使用英语。
Because I am looking for a company that I really want to work for so that I could settle down and make a long-term contribution.
因为我想找到一家理想的公司，使我能安定下来，并做出长远的贡献。
My first job was a well established company where the division of labour is very clear.I do not have much chance to enrich my experience.Then I got an opportunity to really broaden my experience with a new company that was starting up，but unfortunately，they closed their service in three months’ time. I have worked in my present company for a considerable length of time and enjoy my job I am now doing.But I think I have
accumulated enough experience to take up more challenging post in a much larger and diversified company where I could make solid contribution.
我第一份工作是在一家制度完善及分工清楚的公司内任职，但我认为我的接触面太小了。后来我有机会到一家刚成立的公司，以扩展我的经验，不幸的是，他们在3个月内便倒闭了。我在现时的公司已工作了颇长的时间，虽然我喜欢现时的工作，但我认为我已积累了足够经验在一家更具规模及多元化的公司内工作，接受更大挑战及做出实质贡献。
Why are you leaving your present job?
你为何要离开现职?【职场英语学习】
What's the reason why you left your previous employer?
你为何要离开原来的雇主?
I'm leaving the present situation just because of expiry of my
employment contract.
我离开现职是因为工作合同期满。
The work is not bad.Yet the salary is too small.
那份工作倒是不错，不过薪水太少了。
To speak frankly，I did not enjoy the work very much because these was not much for me to do at my post.
坦率地说，我不是很喜欢那份工作，因为我在这个职位上没有多少事可干。
Dialogue A
(I=Interviewer主试人 A=Applicant受试人)
I：Where are you employed?
A：I have been employed as a secretary at a trading company. I：What do you think of your present job?
A：Yes，I find it interesting.
I：How do you get to office?
A：I go to the office by bus everyday.
I：What does your work consist of exactly?
A：My main responsibility is troubleshooting between top management and the general employees.
I：Would you mind working overtime at night?
A：No，often my boss requires overtime work.
I：How much money are you making a month?
A：5000 yuan a month.
I： Why do you plan to change your job?
A：I would like to have a job that is more lively than my present
one.Besides，I would like to practise my English in my work.As my present employer deals with China trade only，there isn't much chance to speak English.
I：Why have you changed your job so frequently?
A：My first job was in a well established company where the division of labour is very clear.I do not have much chance to enrich my
experience.Then I got an opportunity to really broaden my experience with a new company that was starting up，but unfortunately，they closed
their service in three months’ time.I have worked in my present
company for a considerable length of time and enjoy the job I am doing now.But I think I have accumulated enough experience to take up more challenging post in a much larger and diversified company where I could make solid contribution.
Dialogue B
I：What positions have you held before?
A：I have been a salesman.But now，I can do public relations. I：How many places have you worked altogether?
A：Three.
I：Would you tell me the general description of your present job? A：I am in charge of the trading department. I'm handling in-voices，shipping bills and computing freight costs;that's most of the
documentation.
I：What time do you go to work?
A：I must be there no later than 8∶00.
I：What time does the office close?
A：I quit work whenever I get finished，usually about six O’clock. I：Does your work involve a lot of paper filling and typing?
A：No，the secretary does this.It's not part of my job.
一、职场Work——面试预约
An Appointment for the Interview
Rice wants to make an appointment for his interview. Now he is inquiring about it on the phone.瑞斯想预约一下面试。现在他正在通过电话咨询。
Rice: May I speak to Mrs. Liu, please?请问刘女士在吗？
Mrs. Liu: This is Liu Fang speaking.我就是。
Rice: Oh, good morning, Mrs. Liu. I'm calling to see if you have received my resume that I sent to you by Email. 哦，早上好，刘女士。我打电话来确定一下你们是否收到我用电子邮件发过去的简历。
Mrs. Liu: May I have your name, please? 可以告诉我你叫什么吗？
Rice: My name is Rice. May I ask whether I can have an interview?我叫瑞斯，我想知道我进入下一轮面试了没？
Mrs. Liu: Of course. In my opinion, you are the strongest candidate for the job. 当然了。在我看来，你在求职应征者中条件最好。
Rice: When is it most convenient for me to visit you to talk about the position?什么时候方便进行面试呢？
Mrs. Liu: I want to set up an interview for you at 9 a.m. next Monday in our company's conference room. 我想安排你下周一上午九点在我们公司的会议室里进行面试。
Rice: Thank you very much. See you then.非常感谢，到时候见。
二、职场Work——面试 Interview
Rice comes to have an interview. At this moment he is having a conversation with the interview. 瑞斯来面试，此刻他正在和面试官面谈。【职场英语学习】
Mr. Smith: Tell me a little bit about yourself, please. 能告诉我一些你自己的情况吗？
Rice: My name is Rice and I live in Beijing. I was born in 1980. I have graduated from Peking University. I majored in business administration. 我叫瑞斯，我住在北京。我出生于1980.我毕业于北京大学，主修工商管理。
Mr. Smith: What kind of job have you had? 你都做过什么工作？
Rice: I have been a production manager. 我曾经是产品经理。
Mr. Smith: Would you like to tell me about something about your outstanding achievements?你能和我分享一下你的成就吗？
Rice: I introduced an advanced product line, which increased the output and lessened the cost.我曾经引进了一条先进的生产线，可以提高产量，降低成本。
Mr. Smith: What special skills do you have? Can you tell me? 你能告诉我你有什么特别的能力吗？
Rice: I have experience in computer operation, proficiency in Microsoft Word and Microsoft Excel. 我有电脑操作的经验，熟练掌握微软Word和Excel.
Mr. Smith: I know in your resume that you have worked in your present company for 3 years. I want to know why do you want to leave your present job and join us? 在你的简历中，我看到你已经在现在这个公司工作三年了，能告诉我为什么你想辞职来我们公司？
Rice: Because the job I am doing in my present company is of no challenge. but I like challenge. Your firm is a young organization with many innovative ideas. It has been very successful in expanding market since its establishment 10 years ago. Working for you would be exactly the sort of challenge I am looking for. 我离开这个公司是因为现在这个工作没有挑战性，但我喜欢挑战。贵公司是一家具有创新精神的年轻公司，自创建10年以来，在市场拓展方面取得了巨大的成功。能为你们工作，正是我所追求的那种挑战。
Mr. Smith: Well, I think our interview is complete then. We will give you a call in ten days or so. 好吧，我想我们的面谈就到此为结束。我们大概会在10天后跟你联系。
Rice: 谢谢你，史密斯先生。
三、职场Work——面试结果 the Result
After the interview, Rice is anxious to know the result. Now he is calling to inquire about it.面试后瑞斯急切想知道结果。现在他正打电话询问。
Rice: Hello, this is Rice. Is that Mrs. Wang? I'm just calling to follow up about the status of the personnel manager position. 你好，我是瑞斯。你是王女士吗？我打电话来时想问一下人事经理的招聘情况。
A Useful Glossary for Work
Experience work experience 工作经历
work history 工作经历
occupational hisstory 工作经历 professional 职业经历 employment 工作
employment history 工作经历 experience 经历
business experience 工作经历 specific experince 具体经历 employment record 工作经历 business histoty 工作经历 employment experience工作经历 business background 工作经历 position 职位
job title 职位 responsibilities 职责 duties 职责
second job 第二职业
achievments 工作成就，业绩 administer 管理 assist 辅助
adapted to 适应于
accomplish 完成（任务等） appointed 被任命的 adept in 善于 analyze 分析
authorized 委任的；核准的 behave 表现
break the record 打破记录 control 控制
breadthrough 惊人的进展，关键问题的解决
conduct 经营，处理 cost 成本；费用 create 创造
demonstrate 证明，示范 decrease 减少 design 设计
develop 开发，发挥 devise 设计，发明 direct 指导
double 加倍，翻一番 earn 获得，赚取 effect 效果，作用 eliminate 消除 enlarhe 扩大 enrich 使丰富
exploit开发（资源，产品） enliven 搞活
establish 设立（公司等）；使开业；确立
evaluation 估价，评价 execute 实行，实施 expand 推广；扩大 expedite 加快；促进 export 出口
found 创立 generate 产生
good at 擅长于 guide 指导；操纵
implement 完成，实施 import 进口
improve 改进，提高 increase 增加
influence 影响 initiate 创始，开创
introduce 采用，引进 innovate 改革，革新
inspired 受启发的；受鼓舞的 install 安装 invest 投资
integrate 使结合；使一体化 invent 发明
justified 经证明的；合法化的 launch 开办（新企业） lead 领导
lengthen 延长
lessen 减少（生产成本） level 水平
localize 使地方化 manage 管理，经营 make 制造
maintain 保持；维修 manufacture 制造
modernize 使现代化 mastered 精通的
motivate 促进，激发 negotiate 谈判
nominated 被提名的；被任命的 operate 操作，开动（机器等），经营（厂矿）
originate 创始，发明 organize 组织
overcome 克服（困难等） participate in 参加
perfect 使完善；改善 perform 执行，履行 plan 计划
promote 生产，制造 profit 利润 promote 推销（商品）；创立（企业等）be promoted to 被提升为
be proposed as 被提名为；被推荐为 provide 提供，供应 raise 提高 reach 达到 realize 实现（目标等）；获得（利润）receive 收到，得到，接受 rekon 计算（成本等） recognize 认清（职责等）
recommended 被推荐的；被介绍的 reconsolidate 重新巩固；重新整顿 reconstruct 重建 recorded 记载的
recover 恢复；弥补 rectify 整顿，调整 redouble 加倍，倍增
reduce 减少，降低（成本等） refine 精练，精制 reform 改革
registered 已注册的 regenerate 更新，使更生 regularize 使系统化 regulate 控制（费用等） rehandle 重铸；重新处理
rehash 以新形式处理（旧材料） reinforce 加强 renew 重建，换新
renovate 革新；修理
repair 修复，修补 replace 接替，替换
representative 代表，代理人 research 调查，研究 resolve 解决
set 创造（纪录等） settle 解决（问题等） shorten 减低......效能 show 显示,表明
significant 重要的,有效的 simplify 简化,精简 sort out 清理 speed up 加速 sponsor 主办
spread 传播,扩大 solve 解决
standard 标准,规格 streamline 把......设计流线型 strengthen 加强,巩固 study 研究 succeed 成功 supervise 监督,管理
supply 供给,满足(需要) systematize 使系统化 target 目标,指标 test 试验,检验
top 头等的,最高的 total 总数,总额
translate 翻译,转化 travel 旅行
well-trained 训练有素的 type 打字
unify 使成一体,统一 use 使用，运用 utilize 利用
valuable 有价值的 useful 有用的 verify 证实,证明 vivify 使活跃 work 工作,起作用
worth 使......钱的,有......价值的advanced worker 先进工作者 working model 劳动模范
excellent Party member 优秀党员 excellent League member 优秀团员 big macs,big/large-cap stock,mega-issue 大盘股 offering,list 上市 bourse 证交所
corporate champion 龙头企业 Shanghai Exchange 上海证交所 pension fund 养老基金 mutual fund 共同基金
hedge mutual fund 对冲式共同基金 share 股票
valuation 股价
underwriter 保险商
government bond 政府债券 saving account 储蓄帐户 equity market 股市 shareholder 股东 delist 摘牌
mongey-loser 亏损企业 inventory 存货
traded company,trading enterprise 上市公司
stakeholder 利益相关者 transparency 透明度
Msnbc:Microsoft national broadcast 微软全国广播公司
market fundamentalist 市场经济基本规则
damage-contral machinery 安全顾问 efficient market 有效市场
intellectual property 知识产权 opportunistic practice 投机行为 WorldCom 世通公司 bribery 行贿
entrepreneur 企业家 cook the book 做假帐
regulatory system 监管体系 audit 审计
accounting firm 会计事务所 Great Depression 大萧条 portfolio 投资组合
money-market 短期资本市场
capitual-market 长期资本市场 volatility 波动
diversification 多元化 commodity 期货
real estate 房地产 option 期权
call option 看涨期权 put option 看跌期权 merger 并购 arbitrage 套利
Securities&Exchange Commission 〈美〉证券交易委员会
dollar standard 美元本位制 flight 贬值 budget 预算 deficit 赤字 bad debt 坏帐 output 产值
macroeconomic 宏观经济 fiscal stimulus 财政刺激 a store of value 保值
transaction currency 结算货币 forward exchange 期货交易
intervention currency 干预货币 Treasury bond 财政部公债 currnt-account 经常项目 pickup in rice 物价上涨 Federal Reserve 美联储 inflation 通货膨胀 deflation 通货紧缩
tighter credit 紧缩信贷 monetary policy 货币政策
awash in excess capacity 生产力过剩
foreigh exchange 外汇
spot transaction 即期交易 forward transaction 远期交易
option forward transaction 择期交易
swap transaction 调期交易 quote 报价
settlment and delivery 交割 buying rate 买入价 selling rate 卖出价
spread 差幅 contract 合同 at par 平价 premium 升水 discount 贴水
direct quoation method 直接报价法 indirect quoation method 间接报价法
dividend 股息
domestic currency 本币 floating rate 浮动利率 parent company 母公司 credit swap 互惠贷款
venture capital 风险资本 virtual value 虚拟价值 physical good 物质产品 abstract good 抽象产品
Patent&Trademark Office 专利与商标局
book value 帐面价值
physical capital 实际资本
IPO:initial public offering 新股首发
job machine 就业市场
welfare capitalism 福利资本主义 collective market cap 市场资本总值 golbal corporation 跨国公司 transnational status 跨国优势 transfer price 转让价格
General Accounting Office 〈美〉会计总会
consolidation 兼并 leveraged 杠杆
抱怨信
Dear Mr. Wang,
I’m writing to complain about the noise which made by your daugther while she is practicing the piano at night. I find it difficult to concentrate on my study and I can’t have a good rest at all.
To be honest, I am not prepared to put up with the noise anymore. I would appreciate it very much if you could rearrange the practicing time. I think the evening could be a better time for your daugther’s practice.
I hope you could deal with it as soon as possible, otherwise I will be forced to take legal action. 感谢信
Dear David (name of your friends),
Many thanks to you for inviting me to your party. I've spent a sweet night there with you,your family and friends.
Your family members were very nice and hospital. You really made me feel home. Please remember me to your wife. She had prepared a fancy meal. I enjoyed that very much. And also your daughter Cicy. She dances very well. From her I foresee a promising dancer in the future.
Your friends were all easy-going and cute. Especially your collegues. You must keep a harmonious and friendly atmosphere in your office.
Last but not the least, thank you for your Vodka. How do you know that is my favoriate? I have a bottle of Russian Vodka. Hope to enjoy that with you when you come to my home!
Thanks again for your invitaion, your hospitality, your family, your friends, your Vodka and all the fancy memory you brought to me
求职信
Dear Sirs,
I am graduating from the Shanghai Institute of Foreign Trade this summer. As a student of English for Business, I hope to work for a foreign company after graduation.
In the past three academic years, I have proved myself to be a straight student, awarded a succession of scholarships. My English is particularly good and German happens to be my second foreign language, which will live up to the requirements set by a wholly foreign-owned enterprise like yours.
I apply for the position of assistant to your marketing project manager. You will find me a good team player, self-motivated and eager to learn. I believe I can be of value to your company.
Enclosed please find my resume.
I should be very happy if you would arrange an interview with me.
Yours sincerely,
Wang Lin
邀请信
Dear Mr. Harrison: Our new factory will be commencing production on [April 10] and we should like to invite [you and your wife] to be present at a celebration to mark the occasion. As you will appreciate this is an important milestone for this organization, and is the result of continued demand for our products, both at home and overseas. We are inviting all those individuals and trust that you will pay us the compliments of accepting. Please confirm that you will be able to attend by advising us of your time —— we can arrange for you to be met. All arrangements for your stay [overnight on April 10] will, of course, be made by us at our expense.
Yours sincerely, Li Ming
职场英语：如何成为职场中最有吸引力的人
To be sure, I'm not referring to the silver fox from the Dos Equis beer
commercials, who once ran a marathon just because it was on his way, whose organ donor card lists his beard and who speaks fluent French — in Russian.
要说明的是，我不是指双X啤酒广告里那个头发花白的老男人。在广告里，因为正好碰见，他就跑了一场马拉松。他的器官捐赠卡上把胡子也列在了其中。他还能讲流利的法语——用俄语口音。
The bar doesn't have to be that high.
其实标准用不着定的这么高。
In a noisy world where personal branding is a professional imperative and where we constantly compete with equally qualified rivals for clients, jobs, promotions, assignments, or funding, not to mention admiration and affection, being just a little more interesting and memorable can be the deciding factor in our favor.
在这个喧闹的世界，在职业中塑造个人品牌是必需的。我们经常和相同水平的对手竞争客户、工作、升职、任务或者是赞助。更不用说在魅力和吸引力方面，有趣难忘能成为对我们有利的关键因素。
The following list of seven rules should yield some promising results for those who want to up their game with some new skills and behaviors:
希望通过新技能和行为方式提升自己的人可以学习下面这7个法则，它们会给你带来成效。
1. Master conversational skills.
1.掌握对话技巧
The ability to converse is a key competency for successful client pitches, board room presentations, management meetings and the myriad hallway
conversations that influence major business decisions. Skillful small talk and
more substantive conversations can make anyone more interesting, provided one has something interesting to say.
客户销售、会议室展示、管理会议和走廊谈话能够影响重大商业决定，而对话能力是其成功的关键。有技巧的短对话和内容丰富的说话内容能让人更有吸引力，前提是你得有些有趣的东西可说。
To get better at it, widen your interests and learn about anything from current events to local issues. Keeping conversations balanced by showing sincere interest in others is critical. A report in Psychological Science cites a study that shows that people who engage in deeper, more substantive conversation are happier than those who keep interactions superficial. Happy people are definitely more interesting than miserable ones.
要想在这方面做的更好，就要拓宽你的兴趣，了解从当地话题到最新事件的一切。重要的是对他人表现出兴趣来保持对话平衡。一份心理学报告中引用了一项研究，表明谈话内容更深层、更具实质性的对话双方比只是泛泛交谈的人更快乐。快乐的人一定比忧郁的人更有吸引力。
2. Learn to make a solid business case.
2.学会稳固生意
Occasionally we get lucky. We ask for something — resources, money, time, support — and we get it. But for the most part, the higher the stakes, the more scrutiny our requests are under. Entrepreneurs, managers, and executives who cannot make a solid business case, linking needs to strategic goals, detailing risks, opportunities, and projected ROI, based on research and
analysis, are discounted by the decision-makers who can green-light a project.
有时我们很幸运。当我们要求某样东西——资源、资金、时间、支持——我们轻易就得到了。但是大多时候，我们的要求会受到更仔细的核查。如果企业家、经理、主管通过研究和分析需求、战略目标、具体风险、机会、投资回报率之后也不能保证经营稳固的话，他们在能够决定项目是否
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